Population-based stroke and dementia incidence trends: Age and sex variations

Introduction

We discovered a concomitant decline in stroke and dementia incidence rates at a whole population level in Ontario, Canada. This study explores these trends within demographic subgroups.

Pressure ulcers in trauma patients with suspected spine injury: a prospective cohort study with emphasis on device‐related pressure ulcers

Of all patients in a hospital environment, trauma patients may be particularly at risk for developing (device‐related) pressure ulcers (PUs), because of their traumatic injuries, immobility, and exposure to immobilizing and medical devices. Studies on device‐related PUs are scarce. With this study, the incidence and characteristics of PUs and the proportion of PUs that are related to devices in adult trauma patients with suspected spinal injury were described. From January–December 2013, 254 trauma patients were visited every 2 days for skin assessment. The overall incidence of PUs was 28·3% (n = 72/254 patients). The incidence of device‐related PUs was 20·1% (n = 51), and 13% (n = 33) developed solely device‐related PUs. We observed 145 PUs in total of which 60·7% were related to devices (88/145). Device‐related PUs were detected 16 different locations on the front and back of the body. These results show that the incidence of PUs and the proportion of device‐related PUs is very high in trauma patients.     

Hepatoblastoma incidence in Taiwan: A population-based study

Background

The incidence of hepatoblastoma is not well known in Taiwan. The goal of this study was to investigate the incidence rates of hepatoblastoma by age and sex.

TFOS DEWS II Epidemiology Report

The subcommittee reviewed the prevalence, incidence, risk factors, natural history, morbidity and questionnaires reported in epidemiological studies of dry eye disease (DED). A meta-analysis of published prevalence data estimated the impact of age and sex. Global mapping of prevalence was undertaken. The prevalence of DED ranged from 5 to 50%. The prevalence of signs was higher and more variable than symptoms. There were limited prevalence studies in youth and in populations south of the equator. The meta-analysis confirmed that prevalence increases with age, however signs showed a greater increase per decade than symptoms. Women have a higher prevalence of DED than men, although differences become significant only with age. Risk factors were categorized as modifiable/non-modifiable, and as consistent, probable or inconclusive. Asian ethnicity was a mostly consistent risk factor. The economic burden and impact of DED on vision, quality of life, work productivity, psychological and physical impact of pain, are considerable, particularly costs due to reduced work productivity. Questionnaires used to evaluate DED vary in their utility. Future research should establish the prevalence of disease of varying severity, the incidence in different populations and potential risk factors such as youth and digital device usage. Geospatial mapping might elucidate the impact of climate, environment and socioeconomic factors. Given the limited study of the natural history of treated and untreated DED, this remains an important area for future research.     

2006-2016年大连市尘肺病的发病情况

目的 通过对2006-2016年大连市尘肺发病情况调查,分析该地区尘肺病流行规律,为制定尘肺病防治策略提供理论依据.方法 通过中国疾病控制信息系统职业病与职业卫生检测系统获得相关资料,对大连市尘肺病种类、发病地区、接尘工龄等进行统计分析.结果 2006-2016年大连市尘肺病病例179例,主要分布于铸造行业的成型、清砂、打磨工种及机械加行业的电焊工种.以矽肺为主(82.68％),电焊工尘肺次之(9.49％),石棉尘肺第3(3.35％),平均接尘工龄20.73年,尘肺壹期平均接尘工龄为19.80年、尘肺贰期平均接尘工龄为20.83年、尘肺叁期平均接尘工龄为21.75年.尘肺病发病情况与严重程度(期别)和接尘工龄有关(x2=56.52,P=0.02 ＜0.05).结论 大连市尘肺病主要集中在铸造行业,尘肺种类以矽肺为主,应加强重点区域、行业和工种的职业病防治工作.     

ARIMA模型与残差自回归模型在手足口病发病预测中的应用

目的 探讨求和自回归滑动平均混合模型(autoregressive integrated moving average model,ARIMA)和残差自回归模型在我国手足口病月发病率预测中的应用,并对它们的预测效果进行比较.方法 收集2008年1月～2014年12月我国手足口病月发病率资料,用SPSS 13.0和EViews 8.0分别拟合ARIMA模型和残差白回归模型,并用2014年7月～12月的数据评价模型的预测效果.结果 ARIMA模型拟合及预测的平均相对误差(average relative error,MRE),均方误差(mean square predict error,MSE),均方根误差(root mean squared predict error, RMSE)和平均绝对误差(mean absolute error,MAE)分别为14.006,4.689,2.165,0.147;13.565,4.416,2.101, 0.133.残差自回归模型拟合及预测的MRE,MSE,RMSE和MAE分别为16.793,7.247,2.692,0.171,16.206,6.639,2.577,0.164.结论 ARIMA模型拟合及预测效果优于残差自回归模型.     

西安市2008-2014年甲型病毒性肝炎流行病学特征分析

目的 分析西安市2008-2014年甲肝流行特征,为制定针对性的防控措施提供科学依据.方法 采用描述流行病学方法对2008-2014年西安市甲肝发病资料进行分析,采用集中度值方法分析甲肝发病的季节特征,应用SPSS 22.0软件进行数据分析.结果 2008-2014年西安市共报告甲肝病例572例,年均发病率为1.00/10万,2011年发病率最低(0.61/10万);2008-2014年发病率整体呈下降趋势(x2趋势=48.13,P＜0.001),2011-2014年间发病率呈上升趋势(x趋势2=6.82,P=0.010).各年份发病无明显季节性.中心城区(1.14/10万)及城乡结合区(1.19/10万)的年均发病率都明显高于郊县(0.76/10万),差异有统计学意义(均有P＜0.001),且发病集中在东北方向.病例主要集中在20～69岁,占总病例数的71.68％;病例的发病高峰年龄有后移现象.男女性别比为1.60:1;病例以农民为主(30.24％),其次为离退人员(16.78％)、学生(10.50％).西安市18月龄～6岁儿童甲肝疫苗调查接种率为89.84％.2009年报告甲肝暴发疫情1起.结论 西安市甲肝处于低流行状态,但近3年来发病呈上升趋势,建议应加强疾病监测、加大社区健康教育工作,并对高危人群进行疫苗接种.     

基于ARIMA-GRNN组合模型预测我国甲肝发病率

目的 探讨ARIMA-GRNN组合模型在甲肝发病序列预测中的应用,并比较其与ARIMA模型和BPNN模型的预测效果.方法 通过收集2004年1月～2014年12月我国甲肝发病序列资料,用SPSS 13.0建立ARIMA模型,用Matlab 8.0建立BPNN模型和ARIMA-GRNN组合模型,并用2014年数据对模型的预测效果进行评价.结果 针对我国甲肝发病序列建立的三种预测模型拟合的平均相对误差的值依次为:ARIMA模型(7.29785)＜ BPNN模型(5.86 174)＜ ARIMA-GRNN组合模型(4.91 063);预测的2014年甲肝发病序列的平均相对误差的值依次为:ARIMA模型(6.44 067)＜BPNN模型(5.74 400)＜ ARIMA-GRNN组合模型(4.86 292).平均误差率,均方误差和平均绝对误差的值也显示ARIMA-GRNN组合模型的拟合及预测误差最小.结论 ARIMA-GRNN组合模型的拟合及预测效果优于ARIMA模型和BPNN模型.     

健康管理对eNOS基因G894T突变人群高血压病发病风险的作用

目的：探讨健康管理对内皮型一氧化氮合成酶（eNOS）基因G894T突变人群高血压病发病风险的作用。方法：从2010年6月～2013年6月在山东省青岛疗养院体检和休养的人员以及青岛大学医学院附属医院就诊的病人中，通过基因芯片检测的方法，筛选360例45～60岁，eNOS基因G894T突变无高血压病人群为研究对象，根据依从性好坏分为健康管理组（163例）和对照组（197例，延续原有的生活方式）进行临床观察。两组均跟踪随访2年，对比高血压发生率以判断近期效果。结果：经过两年的跟踪随访，健康管理组163人中有17人（10．43％）被诊断患有高血压病；对照组197人中有49人（24．87％）被诊断为高血压病。健康管理组高血压发病率显著低于对照组（X^2=12．43，P=0．001）。结论：科学的健康管理能有效降低eNOS基因G894T突变人群的高血压发病率。     

上海市黄浦区老年人群肿瘤监测结果分析

目的 了解黄浦区老年人群肿瘤发病、死亡和生存情况,为政府制定老年人群相关政策提供依据.方法 利用上海市肿瘤监测系统导出的数据,分析2010年上海市黄浦区60岁及以上户籍老年人群肿瘤发病、死亡和生存情况.结果 老年人群肿瘤发病率为1 007.9/10万,发病顺位前5位：肺、结直肠、胃、肝和胰腺;死亡率为979.5/10万,死亡顺位前5位：肺、结直肠、胃、肝和胰腺;老年人群肿瘤的1年生存率为36.0％,5年生存率为22.0％,中位生存期为345.9 d.结论 老年人群肿瘤发病率、死亡率高,生存率低,中位生存期短.