期刊评审人危机的化解机制:认证、认定与激励

【目的】 探索期刊评审人危机的化解方法。【方法】 分析引起评审人危机的原因,并对认证、认定和激励评审人的可行性进行分析,提出一些具体的执行方案。【结果】 科技期刊可从以下方面化解评审人危机:提高评审过程的开放性和透明性;将评审报告标注DOI号,使其变成可被引用的文献,并与评审人的ORCID关联;借鉴新的社交媒体平台的认证、认定和激励机制,构建期刊同行评审工作认证平台,对评审工作进行认证和记录关联;对评审人工作的量和质进行评价和奖惩激励。【结论】 结合上述认证、认定和激励措施,一方面可以解决传统同行评审的弊端,避免学术欺诈和虚假评审问题;另一方面将允许有更多合格的研究人员自愿参与学术期刊的同行评审;再者,通过激励可以使评审人更快、更高效、更富信誉和建设性地进行评审,从而促进期刊和科学的发展。     

Trends in U.S. Ambulatory Cardiovascular Care 2013 to 2017: JACC Review Topic of the Week

The National Cardiovascular Data Registry PINNACLE (Practice Innovation and Clinical Excellence) Registry is the largest outpatient cardiovascular practice registry in the world. It tracks real-world management and quality of 4 common cardiovascular conditions: heart failure, coronary artery disease, atrial fibrillation, and hypertension. In 2013, the PINNACLE Registry contained information on 2,898,505 patients, cared for by 4,859 providers in 431 practices. By 2017, the registry contained information on 6,040,996 patients, cared for by 8,853 providers in 724 practices. During this time period, care processes for PINNACLE patients generally improved. Among patients with heart failure, combined beta-blocker and renin-angiotensin antagonist medication rates increased from 60.7% to 72.8%. Among patients with coronary artery disease, statin medication rates increased from 66% to 80.1%. Among patients with atrial fibrillation, oral anticoagulation rates increased from 52.7% to 65.2%. In contrast, blood pressure control rates among patients with hypertension were largely stable. PINNACLE data also fueled a variety of quality measurement programs and 51 peer-reviewed publications.     

Characterizing reward system neural trajectories from adolescence to young adulthood

Mixed findings exist in studies comparing brain responses to reward in adolescents and adults. Here we examined the trajectories of brain response, functional connectivity and task-modulated network properties during reward processing with a large-sample longitudinal design. Participants from the IMAGEN study performed a Monetary Incentive Delay task during fMRI at timepoint 1 (T1; n = 1304, mean age=14.44 years old) and timepoint 2 (T2; n = 1241, mean age=19.09 years). The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) was administrated at both T1 and T2 to assess a participant’s alcohol use during the past year. Voxel-wise linear mixed effect models were used to compare whole brain response as well as functional connectivity of the ventral striatum (VS) during reward anticipation (large reward vs no-reward cue) between T1 and T2. In addition, task-modulated networks were constructed using generalized psychophysiological interaction analysis and summarized with graph theory metrics. To explore alcohol use in relation to development, participants with no/low alcohol use at T1 but increased alcohol use to hazardous use level at T2 (i.e., participants with AUDIT≤2 at T1 and ≥8 at T2) were compared against those with consistently low scores (i.e., participants with AUDIT≤2 at T1 and ≤7 at T2). Across the whole sample, lower brain response during reward anticipation was observed at T2 compared with T1 in bilateral caudate nucleus, VS, thalamus, midbrain, dorsal anterior cingulate as well as left precentral and postcentral gyrus. Conversely, greater response was observed bilaterally in the inferior and middle frontal gyrus and right precentral and postcentral gyrus at T2 (vs. T1). Increased functional connectivity with VS was found in frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital regions at T2. Graph theory metrics of the task-modulated network showed higher inter-regional connectivity and topological efficiency at T2. Interactive effects between time (T1 vs. T2) and alcohol use group (low vs. high) on the functional connectivity were observed between left middle temporal gyrus and right VS and the characteristic shortest path length of the task-modulated networks. Collectively, these results demonstrate the utility of the MID task as a probe of typical brain response and network properties during development and of differences in these features related to adolescent drinking, a reward-related behaviour associated with heightened risk for future negative health outcomes.     

激励结构视角下的管理模式在口腔科中的作用

目的 探讨激励结构视角下的管理模式在口腔科中的应用价值。方法 对浙江省立同德医院口腔科2018 年1 月至2019 年12 月的90 例口腔疾病患者进行研究,2018 年1—12 月45 例为对照组,行常规管理;2019 年1—12 月45 例为观察组,实施激励结构视角下的管理模式,两组均由同一批医生提供医疗服务（n=20）,比较两组医生工作能力、服务质量、患者依从性、满意度和风险事件发生率。结果 观察组工作能力得分为（84.62±5.94）分,工作质量得分为（85.44±5.44）分,依从性为95.66%,满意度为97.78%,高于对照组的（75.02±6.06）分、（76.10±6.08）分、77.78%和80.00%,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 在口腔科管理工作中应用激励结构视角下的管理模式,可促进科室医生工作能力的提升,改善口腔科工作质量,利于提高患者依从性和满意度,存在推广价值。     

不同岗位家庭医生团队成员的激励因素研究

背景　要提高家庭医生团队成员工作的主观能动性,需要建立有效的激励机制,不同激励因素对家庭医生团队成员的影响不同。目的　比较不同岗位家庭医生团队成员激励因素现状、满意度及激励因素偏好,为进一步细化完善家庭医生团队激励机制提供依据。方法　于2019年7-9月在厦门市、杭州市余杭区、上海市长宁区、北京市西城区和房山区共选择27家社区卫生服务中心,采用课题组自行设计的问卷对所有在岗的家庭医生团队人员676人（包括临床医生、护理人员和公共卫生人员）进行普查,调查内容主要包括家庭医生团队人员的个人基本情况和工作环境基本特征、激励机制及激励因素偏好情况。对不同岗位家庭医生团队成员的基本情况及激励因素差异进行分析。结果　共收回有效问卷676份,有效回收率为96.6%。不同岗位家庭医生团队成员的月收入、总收入中家庭医生专项资金占比和签约服务费占比比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）,从事临床医疗工作者高于从事护理和公共卫生工作者（P<0.016 7）。不同岗位家庭医生团队成员对收入与家庭医生工作价值匹配程度的评价比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;从事公共卫生工作者认为收入与工作价值匹配的比例高于从事护理工作者（P<0.016 7）。不同岗位家庭医生团队成员对福利待遇的满意度比较,差异无统计学意义（P=0.204）。不同岗位的家庭医生团队成员参加阶段性进修培训、相关专业课程培训情况比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;从事临床医疗工作者参与阶段性进修培训者占比高于从事护理与公共卫生工作者（P<0.016 7）;从事临床医疗工作者过去1年参加相关专业课程培训者占比高于从事护理工作者（P<0.016 7）。不同岗位的家庭医生团队成员过去3年职务提升与职称提升比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。3种岗位的家庭医生团队成员绝大多数都认为个人收入和福利是最重要的激励因素,这一比例在家庭医生、护士和公共卫生成员中分别是95.6%（387/405）、95.7%（180/188）和98.8%（82/83）;培训机会、社会认可和尊重、职称晋升机会排在第2位、第3位和第4位;但对家庭医生来说单位管理制度是排名第5的激励因素,对护士来说工作量是排名第5的激励因素,对公共卫生人员来说排名第5的则是工作条件。结论　不同岗位家庭医生团队成员的激励机制现状存在较大差异,从事临床医疗工作的家庭医生团队成员收入、福利待遇与培训学习情况优于从事护理和公共卫生工作的人员,且不同家庭医生团队成员对激励因素的偏好有所不同。应当继续优化家庭医生团队成员薪酬结构,提升家庭医生团队的收入及签约服务费,完善经济激励措施;加强基层培训学习力度,提升基层医疗卫生机构服务能力;保障医疗卫生人员权益,提高基层医务人员的社会认可度。     

激励模式对社区精神分裂症患者社会功能的影响

目的 探讨激励模式对社区精神分裂症患者社会功能的影响.方法 400例精神分裂症患者随机分为研究组（200例）和对照组（200例）,研究组患者在药物干预的基础上以激励模式干预2年,对照组患者仅给予药物干预.入组时和入组后每3个月使用阳性和阴性综合征量表（PANSS）评定疾病严重程度,以个人和社会功能量表（PSP）评定社会功能.结果 研究结束时研究组PANSS总分及各分量表评分比入组时显著降低（P＜0.05）,研究组PANSS总分及各分量表评分显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）.与入组时比较,研究结束时研究组PSP总分显著升高,各分量表评分均显著降低（P＜0.05）.研究结束时研究组PSP总分显著高于对照组,各分量表评分显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）.结论 激励模式能够改善社区精神分裂症患者的病情与社会功能.     

激励护理对胰腺癌患者手术希望水平及术后康复的影响

目的探讨激励护理对胰腺癌患者手术希望水平及术后康复的影响。方法选取2018年1月至12月间上海市中医药大学附属曙光医院收治的30例胰腺癌手术患者为对照组,采用常规护理,另选取2019年1月至12月间30例胰腺癌手术患者为观察组,在对照组基础上采用激励护理。比较两组患者自我负担感受、手术希望水平及术后康复情况。结果干预前,两组患者Herth希望水平量表(HHI)总分和自我感受负担量表(SBP)总分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。干预后,观察组患者HHI总分高于对照组,SBP总分低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。术后,观察组患者基本生理指标优良率高于对照组,并发症发生率低于对照组,住院时间短于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论激励护理能提高胰腺癌患者手术希望水平,降低自我负担感,利于术后身心康复。     

乡村医生签约服务实践分析——以江苏省大丰市和浙江省嵊州市为例

目的:分析江苏省大丰市和浙江省嵊州市乡村医生签约服务实践及其初步成效。方法:采用典型抽样,对江苏省大丰市和浙江省嵊州市卫生局的局长或分管局长、乡镇卫生院的院长、乡村医生进行访谈,对访谈内容和政策文件进行归纳,对签约服务前后的服务量变化进行描述性分析。结果:大丰和嵊州乡村医生签约服务以村卫生室和乡镇卫生院为主体,面向全体居民并侧重重点人群,因地制宜地设计了不同的个性化服务包,并建立了相应的保障措施和激励机制。结论:通过签约服务,满足了群众的个性化需求;乡村医生收入增加,积极性提高,农村卫生服务网底得到巩固;基本公共卫生服务质量有所改善;基层医疗卫生机构基本医疗功能得到进一步强化;乡村医生签约服务助推了农村卫生改革,为地方制定和完善农村卫生改革政策提供了依据,但仍需进一步完善。建议:加强乡村医生队伍建设;完善乡村医生签约服务的激励机制;加强对乡村医生签约服务工作的总结评估,为进一步推广签约服务提供依据。     

Parental opinions towards the “No Jab,No Pay” policy in Australia

BackgroundIn 2016, Australia introduced the “No Jab, No Pay” legislation, which removed the option of non-medical exemptions from the vaccination requirements to receive certain family and child care tax benefits. We aimed to gauge parental support for “No Jab, No Pay” and explore how it has impacted parental attitudes towards vaccination, particularly among families that are reliant on the tax benefits linked to vaccination under “No Jab, No Pay”.MethodsAn online survey distributed to parents with children under 5 in Australia assessed parental knowledge and opinions towards childhood vaccination and the “No Jab, No Pay” policy.ResultsA total of 411 parents completed the survey. The majority of parents reported their child was either fully vaccinated or they intended to fully vaccinate. Eighty-two percent of parents were in favour of “No Jab, No Pay.” The belief that vaccine-preventable diseases are a significant risk to unvaccinated children was a predictor of supporting the “No Jab, No Pay” policy (AOR = 5.95, 95% CI = [3.60, 10.94], p < 0.001). Parents that depend on the financial benefits associated with “No Jab, No Pay” and parents that utilize child care services were significantly more likely to reconsider vaccination, if they previously hesitated or objected, because of the policy (AOR = 9.66, 95% CI = [4.98, 18.72], p < 0.001 and AOR = 2.09, 95% CI = [1.04, 4.17], p = 0.04).ConclusionWe found that there is widespread support for “No Jab, No Pay” among parents of young children, but parents that depend on the financial benefits or utilize child care services may be disproportionately affected by the policy. Childhood vaccination coverage in Australia could best be improved by increasing access to vaccination services and by imposing significant administrative barriers to obtaining non-medical exemptions.