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ObjectivesSeveral implementation strategies can reduce potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) prescribing. Although use of PIMs has declined in recent years, it remains prevalent. Various strategies exist to improve the appropriateness of medication use. However, little is known about the processes of these different implementation strategies. This scoping review aims to investigate how the process evaluation of implementation strategies for reducing PIM prescribing in the older population has been studied.MethodsWe searched for process evaluations of implementation strategies for reducing PIM prescribing in PUBMED, SCOPUS and Web of Science published between January 2000 and November 2019 in English. We applied the following inclusion criteria: patients aged ≥65 years, validated PIM criteria, and implementation process evaluated. The review focuses on decision support for health care professionals. We described the findings of the process evaluations, and compared the authors’ concepts of process evaluation of the included publications to those of Proctor et al.( 2010).ResultOf 9131 publications screened, 29 met our inclusion criteria. Different process evaluation conceptualizations were identified. Most process evaluations took place in the initial stages of the process (acceptability, adoption, appropriateness, and feasibility) and sustainability and implementation costs were seldom evaluated. None of the included publications evaluated fidelity.Multifaceted interventions were the most studied implementation strategies. Medication review was more common in acceptability evaluations, multidisciplinary interventions in adoption evaluations, and computerized systems and educational interventions in feasibility evaluations. Process evaluations were studied from the health care professionals’ viewpoint in most of the included publications, but the management viewpoint was missing.DiscussionThe conceptualization of process evaluation in the field of PIM prescribing is indeterminate. There is also a current gap in the knowledge of sustainability and implementation costs. Clarifying the conceptualization of implementation process evaluation is essential in order to effectively translate research knowledge into practice.  相似文献   
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ObjectiveThis study aimed to 1) understand factors impacting the implementation of exercise communication and referral, and 2) explore integrated clinical approaches to exercise communication and referral in cancer care.MethodsSeven focus groups (N = 53) were conducted with clinicians and exercise professionals throughout Sydney, Australia. A sub-sample of participants (n = 9) attended a half-day workshop to identifying best practice approaches for moving forward. Data were analysed using thematic content analysis.ResultsTwo themes emerged: 1) Factors impacting the knowledge-to-action gap, inclusive of limited exercise specific knowledge and training opportunities, funding structure, and current referral process, and 2) Recommendations for a consistent and efficient way forward, detailing the need for oncologist-initiated communication, distribution of cancer-exercise resources, and access to exercise professionals with cancer expertise.ConclusionsThis study identified factors (e.g., cancer-exercise specific training, integration of exercise physiologists) influencing exercise counselling and referral. A potential implementation-referral approach accounting for these factors and how to incorporate exercise into a standard model of cancer care, is described. Future testing is required to determine feasibility and practicality of these approaches.Practical ImplicationsA pragmatic model is provided to guide implementation-referral, inclusive of oncologist-initiated communication exchange, relevant resources, and access to exercise professionals with cancer expertise.  相似文献   
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目的 了解江西省某典型非铀矿山高氡暴露矿工的健康效应现状。方法 采用普查的方法,对≥40岁井下一线工人进行基本情况、氡知晓率的调查,并开展井下一线矿工职业健康检查和肺部低剂量 CT 筛查。结果 井下一线矿工对氡的知晓率仅为3.70%,外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变分析发现100个细胞畸变率为0%、外周血淋巴细胞微核试验的异常率为0.02‰,眼科检查(晶体裂隙灯检查、玻璃体、眼底)均未见异常,白细胞数异常率为3.70%,肺部小结节检出率为48.15%。结论 高氡暴露井下一线矿工肺部小结节检出率较高,矿工对氡缺乏认知,亟需加强矿工关于氡的危害宣传教育及井下一线矿工的职业病预防控制。  相似文献   
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Early detection and improved treatments for breast cancer are increasing survival rates, thereby growing the number of survivors to almost 4 million in the United States. Continuing care after treatment is frequently provided in primary care. Evidence-based care includes a history review, physical examination, and imaging for recurrence and new cancers, along with health maintenance and health promotion. Additionally, survivors often experience long-term side effects from their disease and/or treatment, affecting health and quality of life. This article provides a synopsis of breast cancer treatment-related side effects and current evidence-based guidelines to assist the primary care provider caring for survivors.  相似文献   
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目的研究右美托咪啶在静脉吸入复合全身麻醉方案中对患者苏醒期应激反应及寒战发生率的影响。方法选取2019年3月至2020年6月于我院进行外科手术并使用静吸复合全身麻醉方案的152例符合标准的患者纳入研究,采用随机数字法将患者分为试验组(76例)与对照组(76例),试验组给予静脉持续泵入右美托咪啶辅助静吸复合全身麻醉方案,对照组给予静脉持续泵入0.9%氯化钠注射液辅助静吸复合全身麻醉方案,对2组患者术前一般资料及拔管时、拔管5 min后及拔管30min后的肌肉活动评分法(MAAS评分)、心率、呼吸频率、平均动脉压与寒战的发生率,对比气管插管至拔管后2h之间不良反应的发生率,分析右美托咪啶用于静吸复合全身麻醉方案中对患者苏醒期应激反应及寒战发生率的影响。结果试验组拔管时与拔管后30min的心率、平均动脉压、呼吸频率及MAAS评分均小于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);试验组寒战发生率与不良反应发生率均小于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论右美托咪啶应用于静吸复合全身麻醉方案中可以减少患者苏醒期应激反应及寒战发生率,降低不良反应的发生,值得在临床外科手术中推广。  相似文献   
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植物花青素是一类可溶于水的类黄酮,主要存在于各种蔬菜水果中。常见的植物花青素主要分为天竺葵色素(Pelargonidin)、芍药色素(Peonidin)、矢车菊色素(Cyanidin)、锦葵色素(Malvidin)、矮牵牛色素(Petunidin)、飞燕草色素(Delphinidin)六种;植物花青素分子中含有共轭双键体系,并含有碱性或酸性基团,因而具有抗氧化、抗炎、调节免疫、抗衰老和抑癌等生物学作用,尤其以抑癌作用最为突出。因此,本文将对植物花青素的抑癌作用及可能的机制进行综述。  相似文献   
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Background: Variation in facial shape may arise from the combinatorial or overlapping actions of paralogous genes. Given its many members, and overlapping expression and functions, the EPH receptor family is a compelling candidate source of craniofacial morphological variation. We performed a detailed morphometric analysis of an allelic series of E14.5 Ephb1-3 receptor mutants to determine the effect of each paralogous receptor gene on craniofacial morphology. Results: We found that Ephb1, Ephb2, and Ephb3 genotypes significantly influenced facial shape, but Ephb1 effects were weaker than Ephb2 and Ephb3 effects. Ephb2−/− and Ephb3−/− mutations affected similar aspects of facial morphology, but Ephb3−/− mutants had additional facial shape effects. Craniofacial differences across the allelic series were largely consistent with predicted additive genetic effects. However, we identified a potentially important nonadditive effect where Ephb1 mutants displayed different morphologies depending on the combination of other Ephb paralogs present, where Ephb1+/−, Ephb1−/−, and Ephb1−/−; Ephb3−/− mutants exhibited a consistent deviation from their predicted facial shapes. Conclusions: This study provides a detailed assessment of the effects of Ephb receptor gene paralogs on E14.5 mouse facial morphology and demonstrates how the loss of specific receptors contributes to facial dysmorphology.  相似文献   
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