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运动早已被研究证实可有效预防或治疗抑郁症,并已成为许多研究者推荐的抑郁症干预方法,但缺乏对既往有关抑郁症的运动干预方法的研究成果的有效整合,且目前各国仍缺乏统一的临床运动疗法指南。本文系统、全面地探讨了运动对抑郁症的影响,包括运动类型、强度、频率和运动量等因素对不同人群抑郁症的干预效果,并通过梳理相关文献,总结了抑郁症的发生及运动抗抑郁的神经生物学机制。本文表明在抑郁症的运动干预中,有氧运动是最常选用的运动类型,运动强度通常为中等强度到高强度,高频率和高剂量是推荐采用的运动频率和运动量;运动抗抑郁的神经生物学机制主要为其可以改善中枢神经系统组织的形态结构、提高一系列神经营养因子的水平,从而增强神经元可塑性并改善神经分泌系统功能,减少神经炎性反应和氧化性应激对脑组织造成的损伤。本文能够为我国抑郁症临床运动处方的制订和实施提供一定的参考,并为运动抗抑郁研究的深入开展提供借鉴。  相似文献   
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Objective

To collaboratively implement the age-friendly health systems framework, known as the 4Ms: What Matters, Medication, Mentation, and Mobility, at The Primary Health Network (PHN), a federally qualified health center.

Data Sources

Data were collected from PHN electronic medical records (EMRs) for individuals over age 65 from December 30, 2019 to December 24, 2021 and from Project ECHO© attendance and evaluation surveys.

Study Design

The telementoring educational program, Project ECHO©, was used to engage PHN health care professionals working in rural areas of Pennsylvania to incorporate the 4Ms into their practice starting with the annual wellness visit (AWV). Project ECHO© was launched at three primary care sites. After 18 months, it was then disseminated to an additional 18 sites creating pilot and comparison groups. Outcomes included codesigned patient process metrics using EMR data and project ECHO© participant data.

Data Collection Methods

EMR data were generated by system reports created by PHN's quality assurance program manager. Project ECHO© data were collected and managed using REDCap electronic data capture tools. Outcomes were aggregated, analyzed for trends over time, and compared between groups.

Principal Findings

All nine process outcomes increased from baseline to follow-up at the three initial sites, ranging from 4% to 43% g. At year two, the three initial sites had higher rates on AWVs (pilot 24%, comparison 12%; p < 0.0001), Advance Care Planning (New on file, pilot 8%, comparison 2%; Discussed with patient, pilot 18%, comparison 13%; Patient declined, pilot 0%, comparison 0%; p = 0.0001), Dementia Screening (pilot 24%, comparison 12%; p < 0.0001), Fall Risk Management (pilot 43%, comparison 10%; p < 0.0001), and Mobility Goal (pilot 19%, comparison 9%; p < 0.0001); and lower rates on High-Risk Medication Elimination (pilot 54%, comparison, 63%, p < 0.02).

Conclusions

Access to high-quality geriatric care for rural older adults can be improved by increasing health care professionals' knowledge of the 4Ms, beginning with its incorporation into the AWV.  相似文献   
4.

Objective

To assess the effectiveness of a hospital physical therapy (PT) referral triggered by scores on a mobility assessment embedded in the electronic health record (EHR) and completed by nursing staff on hospital admission.

Data Sources

EHR and billing data from 12 acute care hospitals in a western Pennsylvania health system (January 2017–February 2018) and 11 acute care hospitals in a northeastern Ohio health system (August 2019–July 2021).

Study Design

We utilized a regression discontinuity design to compare patients admitted to PA hospitals with stroke who reached the mobility score threshold for an EHR-PT referral (treatment) to those who did not (control). Outcomes were hospital length of stay (LOS) and 30-day readmission or mortality. Control variables included demographics, insurance, income, and comorbidities. Hospital systems with EHR-PT referrals were also compared to those without (OH hospitals as alternative control). Subgroup analyses based on age were also conducted.

Data Extraction

We identified adult patients with a primary or secondary diagnosis of stroke and mobility assessments completed by nursing (n = 4859 in PA hospitals, n = 1749 in OH hospitals) who completed their inpatient stay.

Principal Findings

In the PA hospitals, patients with EHR-PT referrals had an 11.4 percentage-point decrease in their 30-day readmission or mortality rates (95% CI −0.57, −0.01) relative to the control. This effect was not observed in the OH hospitals for 30-day readmission (β = 0.01; 95% CI −0.25, 0.26). Adults over 60 years old with EHR-PT referrals in PA had a 26.2 percentage-point (95% CI −0.88, −0.19) decreased risk of readmission or mortality compared to those without. Unclear relationships exist between EHR-PT referrals and hospital LOS in PA.

Conclusions

Health systems should consider methodologies to facilitate early acute care hospital PT referrals informed by mobility assessments.  相似文献   
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Obtaining certification is a critical step on the road to professionalism. There are many questions to consider in this decision. Included among these are cost, preparation, and return on the investment. Important answers to these questions are discussed.  相似文献   
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Introduction and Aim: The indiscriminate use and adverse effects of the main conventional antifungal agents compromise the effectiveness of treating vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), mainly caused by the species Candida albicans. This study evaluated the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and the in vitro and in vivo anti-candida potential of the hypericin (HYP)-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC). Materials and Methods: Empty NLC and NLC-HYP were characterized by the dynamic light scattering technique and transmission electron microscopy to evaluate the average particle size distribution and its morphologies. The in vitro inhibition photodynamic effect of the systems was tested to reduce the planktonic viability of C. albicans. The therapeutic assay photodynamic of the systems was performed to treat VVC in mice. Results: Empty NLC and NLC-HYP presented values of average hydrodynamic diameter, polydispersity index, and ζ-potential from 136 to 133 nm, 0.16 to 0.22, and -18 to -30 mV, respectively, on day 30. Microscopically, the systems showed spherical morphologies and nanoscale particles. Furthermore, in the in vitro inhibition assay, the treatment of PDT with NLC-HYP (NLC-HYP+) showed a significant reduction of the C. albicans planktonic viability compared to YNB negative control after 5 min of LED light irradiation. In the in vivo therapeutic assay, the antifungal group (vaginal antifungal cream) and NLC-HYP+ evaluated in the dark and by PDT, respectively, had a significant log10 reduction in fungal burden compared to the infected group on day 8 of the VVC treatment. Conclusion: Due to the in vitro and in vivo anti-candida potential, PDT-mediated systems can be an effective strategy in VVC therapy.  相似文献   
9.
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a cancer of the digestive system, and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) accounts for approximately 90% of all PC cases. Exosomes derived from PDAC (PDAC-exosomes) promote PDAC development and metastasis. Exosomes are nanoscale vesicles secreted by most cells, which can carry biologically active molecules and mediate communication and cargo transportation among cells. Recent studies have focused on transforming exosomes into good drug delivery systems (DDSs) to improve the clinical treatment of PDAC. This review considers PDAC as the main research object to introduce the role of PDAC-exosomes in PDAC development and metastasis. This review focuses on the following two themes: (a) the great potential of PDAC-exosomes as new diagnostic markers for PDAC, and (b) the transformation of exosomes into potential DDSs.  相似文献   
10.
目的通过分子对接和中药系统药理学平台探讨沙棘的物质基础及抗糖尿病作用机制。方法类药性评估筛选沙棘活性成分并查找相关靶点;通过OMIM、Genecards数据库搜索糖尿病相关靶点;将有效成分靶点和疾病靶点进行韦恩映射。借助Cytoscape构建药物、成分、靶点、疾病网络图;应用STRING数据库构建蛋白互作网络;筛选前5个核心基因与候选化合物利用Autodock vina做分子对接;利用Bioconductor对核心靶点进行GO和KEGG富集。结果从沙棘中获得33个候选成分,相关靶点蛋白170个;筛选糖尿病相关靶点9310个,韦恩映射得到159个交集基因,蛋白互作网络筛选5个关键靶标JUN、AKT1、MAPK1、RELA、IL-6,涉及AGE-RAGE、Fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis、TNF等通路发挥抗糖尿病作用。结论沙棘具有多成分、多靶点、多途径调节糖尿病的作用特点,为后续实验研究提供理论依据。  相似文献   
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