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1.
ObjectiveTo analyse the similarities and differences in the discourse surrounding the conceptualisation of health and the perceived health assets and needs in the neighborhoods and city of Bilbao in a participatory process.MethodParticipatory workshops were held with professionals, neighbors and associated citizens. The differences in perceptions of the three content blocks were analysed on the basis of the health model referred, as well as the typologies —of a more individual or structural nature— of identified health needs and assets.ResultsThe conceptualisation of health from a biopsychosocial perspective was clearer among professionals, although both profiles pointed to the importance of its social determinants. The formulation of needs and assets in health by the neighbors was made from the impact on their daily life and from a position of users with respect to a service provider administration. Among the associated citizens and professionals, intermediate and structural determinants were more frequently mentioned, as well as issues related to the administration's scope of action.ConclusionsThe inclusion of the multiplicity and diversity of perceptions in planning is key to good local government for health. To address their contradictions, a commitment by governments to effectively incorporate citizen participation is needed.  相似文献   
2.
中国共产党十八届三中全会将事业单位去行政化改革作为新阶段改革重点,党的十九大又强调继续推进事业单位改革。在新的历史阶段,河北省事业单位去行政化也在不断推进。河北省三级综合医院作为事业单位的重要组成部分,其去行政化实施的效果如何,直接关系事业单位去行政化的目标能否实现。文章从河北省三级综合医院行政化弊病入手,对难点进行分析,对进展情况进行梳理,最后提出相应的可行性对策建议。  相似文献   
3.
中国抗生素耐药性治理的政策演变及启示   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的:本研究系统梳理了我国在不同时期实施的抗生素耐药性治理,分析政策的演变历程和原因,旨在为下一步政策制定提供启示。方法:在国家卫生健康委员会等相关部委的官方网站上,系统检索有关抗生素耐药性问题的政策文件,提取关键信息并梳理政策内容与时间节点,归纳和总结中国为应对抗生素耐药性问题所采取的政策和行动。结果:中国抗生素耐药性治理的政策演变过程可划分为三个阶段:以药品管控为主要治理策略的第一阶段,以临床监测为主要治理手段的第二阶段,多领域参与的全面治理策略的第三阶段。结论:为进一步解决抗生素耐药性问题,中国应加强社区感染控制和抗生素合理使用,加强对农业和环境领域的耐药性治理,建立基于"One Health"框架下的跨部门、跨学科合作平台,并加大抗生素替代药品的研发力度。  相似文献   
4.
本文基于多中心治理理论检视发现,现行的医疗保险运行机制存在基本医疗保险基金所有权与管理权分离、医疗保险政策改革只能"做加法"不能"做减法",其他相关利益主体缺位、改革无法满足多方诉求,医保经办主体动力和能力不足等问题。这些问题不仅导致医疗保险制度的可持续性面临严峻挑战,而且与实现全民统一医疗保险制度的目标渐行渐远。因此,在新时代背景下,为了构建权责清晰、保障适度、可持续发展的医疗保险制度,本文提出创新医疗保险公法人治理体制,完善中国特色医疗保险治理体系,同时推进社会保险公法人治理机制的创新,促进政府、市场与社会之间的协同与配合,最终实现推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的伟大目标。  相似文献   
5.
《Vaccine》2020,38(45):7118-7128
IntroductionToward the Global Vaccine Action Plan 2020 goal, almost 90% of countries have established a National Immunization Technical Advisory Group (NITAG). However, little is known about NITAG's contributions to governance.MethodsIn 2017–2018, a two-step, qualitative retrospective study was conducted. Jordan (JO), Argentina (AR), and South Africa (SA) were selected owing to government-financed NITAGs from middle-income countries (MICs), geographic diversity, and a vaccine introduction with NITAG support. Country case studies were developed, collecting data through desk review and face-to-face key informant interviews (KIIs) from Ministry of Health (MoH) and NITAG. Case studies were analyzed together, to assess governance applying the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies framework focusing on transparency, accountability, participation, integrity, and policy capacity (TAPIC).ResultsDocument review and 53 KII (22 AR, 20 SA, 11 JO) showed NITAGs played a pivotal role as advisors promoting a culture of evidence-informed policies. NITAGs strengthened governance, although practices varied among countries. Meetings were conducted behind-closed-doors, participation restricted to members, only in one country agendas, and recommendations were public (AR). To increase participation, policy capacity, and transparency, countries considered adding experts in communications, advocacy, and economics. AR and SA contemplated including community members. NITAGs functioned autonomously from the government, with no established internal or external monitoring or supervision. NITAG meeting minutes allowed the review of integrity, adherence to terms of reference, standard operating procedures, and conflict of interest (CoI). For the most part, NITAGs abided by their mandates. Significant issues were related to the level of MoH support and oversight of CoI declaration and documentation.ConclusionsSystematically implementing governance approaches could improve processes, better tailor policies, and implementation. The long-term survival and resilience of NITAGs in these countries showed they play a significant role in strengthening governance. Lessons learned could be useful to those promoting country-driven evidence-informed decision-making.  相似文献   
6.
Many working hours of healthcare professionals are spent on administrative tasks. Administrative burden is caused by political choices, legislation, the requirements of health insurers and supervisors. Coordination between the parties involved, is lacking. Therefore, we studied to what extent sharing internal audit results of hospitals with external supervisors is possible and the necessary preconditions. We interviewed 42 individuals from six hospitals and the Dutch Health and Youth Care Inspectorate.The interviewees expressed that there is no coordination in timing and content between internal audits and external supervision. They were in favour of sharing internal audit results with external supervisors to reduce the supervisory burden. They stated that internal audits give insight into quality problems and improvements, how hospital directors govern quality and safety, and the culture of improvement within healthcare provider teams. With this information, the inspectorate can judge to what extent hospitals are learning organisations. The interviewees mentioned the following preconditions for sharing audit results: reliable and risk-based information about quality and safety, collected by expert, trained auditors, and careful use of this information by the inspectorate in order to maintain openness among audited healthcare professionals.In conclusion, internal audit results can be shared conditionally with external supervisors. When internal audit results show that hospitals are open, learning and self-reflecting organisations, the healthcare inspectorate can reduce their supervisory burden.  相似文献   
7.
本文通过问卷调查和典型访谈,对医疗卫生领域行业组织的现状及存在的问题进行调研,同时提出促进行业组织发展的建议。调查结果显示,目前我国医疗卫生领域行业组织专职工作人员数量少,高素质人员缺乏;资金主要来源为企业或基金会赞助,部分行业组织收不抵支;行业自律等职能发挥不充分等。分析发现,影响行业组织发挥其职能的主要原因有:行政化色彩浓厚,法律地位不明确;法律和行政实质性授权不足,作用发挥有限;行业组织管理体制存在不适应问题;行业组织自身能力不足。针对这些问题,提出促进行业组织发展的建议:明确行业组织职能,进行必要的法律和行政授权;加大对行业组织的扶持,完善各项支持优惠政策;理顺管理体制,建立综合监督机制;加强行业组织自身能力建设,提高人员素质水平和服务能力。  相似文献   
8.
Throughout the life course, oral diseases are some of the most common non-communicable diseases globally, and in Europe. Human resources for oral health are fundamental to healthcare systems in general and dentistry is no exception. As political and healthcare systems change, so do forms of governance. The aim of this paper is to examine human resources for oral health in Europe, against a workforce governance framework, using England as a case study. The findings suggest that neo-liberalist philosophies are leading to multiple forms of soft governance at professional, system, organisational and individual levels, most notably in England, where there is no longer professional self-regulation. Benefits include professional regulation of a wider cadre of human resources for oral health, reorientation of care towards evidence-informed practice including prevention, and consideration of care pathways for patients. Across Europe there has been significant professional collaboration in relation to quality standards in the education of dentists, following transnational policies permitting freedom of movement of health professionals; however, the distribution of dentists is inequitable. Challenges include facilitating employment of graduates to serve the needs and demands of the population in certain countries, together with governance of workforce production and migration across Europe. Integrated trans-European approaches to monitoring mobility and governance are urgently required.  相似文献   
9.
Books received     
Under the doctrine of ‘Responsibility to Protect’ the United Nations is steadily moving towards a position of being prepared to intervene militarily against states that are committing gross human rights abuses. Before the UN takes such a step, it should have in place statutory instruments to identify and bring non-violent persuasion to bear on the regimes that run these states. The Index of Governance is a phased proposal that will measure and influence the behaviour of these regimes. In Phase 1 it will use a derivative of the Observer Index of Human Rights to ‘name and shame’ governments that are oppressive. As the Index is a product of an objective data collection exercise, it will avoid the politically motivated bias and double standards that too often obtain when judgements are made of governmental performance. In Phase 2, after a legal process, governments that rank lowest on the Index will be subjected to a graduated array of penalties including ‘Smart Sanctions’ targeted on the ruling elite.  相似文献   
10.
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