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1.
IntroductionOur aim was to describe practices in multimodal pain management at US children's hospitals and evaluate the association between non-opioid pain management strategies and pediatric patient-reported outcomes (PROs).MethodsData were collected as part of the 18-hospital ENhanced Recovery In CHildren Undergoing Surgery (ENRICH-US) clinical trial. Non-opioid pain management strategies included use of preoperative and postoperative non-opioid analgesics, regional anesthetic blocks, and a biobehavioral intervention. PROs included perioperative nervousness, pain-related functional disability, health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Associations were analyzed using multinomial logistic regression models.ResultsAmong 186 patients, 62 (33%) received preoperative analgesics, 186 (100%) postoperative analgesics, 81 (44%) regional anesthetic block, and 135 (73%) used a biobehavioral intervention. Patients were less likely to report worsened as compared to stable nervousness following regional anesthetic block (relative risk ratio [RRR]:0.31, 95% confidence interval [CI]:0.11–0.85), use of a biobehavioral technique (RRR:0.26, 95% CI:0.10–0.70), and both in combination (RRR:0.08, 95% CI:0.02–0.34). There were no associations of non-opioid pain control modalities with pain-related functional disability or HRQoL.ConclusionUse of postoperative non-opioid analgesics have been largely adopted, while preoperative non-opioid analgesics and regional anesthetic blocks are used less frequently. Regional anesthetic blocks and biobehavioral interventions may mitigate postoperative nervousness in children.Level of evidenceIII.  相似文献   
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In this paper, we argue that understanding and addressing the problem of poor-quality medical products requires a more interdisciplinary approach than has been evident to date. While prospective studies based on rigorous standardized methodologies are the gold standard for measuring the prevalence of poor-quality medical products and understanding their distribution nationally and internationally, they should be complemented by social science research to unpack the complex set of social, economic, and governance factors that underlie these patterns. In the following sections, we discuss specific examples of prospective quality surveys and of social science studies, highlighting the value of cross-sector partnerships in driving high-quality, policy-relevant research in this area.  相似文献   
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为推动学科开展临床研究,本文借鉴企业和公共部门绩效管理方法,以平衡计分卡为主要框架,尝试从临床研究投入、临床研究产出、内部流程、学习与成长四个维度构建学科临床研究绩效评价指标体系,以提升医院整体临床研究水平。  相似文献   
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We propose a computational model to study the growth and spread of bacterial biofilms on interfaces, as well as the action of antibiotics on them. Bacterial membranes are represented by boundaries immersed in a fluid matrix and subject to interaction forces. Growth, division and death of bacterial cells follow dynamic energy budget rules, in response to variations in environmental concentrations of nutrients, toxicants and substances released by the cells. In this way, we create, destroy and enlarge boundaries, either spherical or rod-like. Appropriate forces represent details of the interaction between cells, and the interaction with the environment. We can investigate geometrical arrangements and the formation of porous structures. Numerical simulations illustrate the evolution of top views and diametral slices of small biofilm seeds, as well as the action of antibiotics. We show that cocktails of antibiotics targeting active and dormant cells can entirely eradicate a biofilm.  相似文献   
5.
目的 探讨医院信息系统中增加住院陪护管理功能的应用效果。方法 基于互联网医院、智慧医院等信息系统,开发信息化住院陪护管理功能,包括流行病学史调查、免费核酸申请、电子陪护证办理、体温监测登记及上报和统计查询。该功能与医院智慧护理链接后全院应用。比较功能应用前和应用后的遵医嘱一患一陪达标率、有效陪护证达标率、体温监测并登记日上报达标率和陪护证使用追溯率,评价护士和管理者疫情防控管理的人均耗时以及对该管理功能的满意度。结果 应用信息化陪护管理功能后,一患一陪达标率、有效陪护证达标率、体温监测并登记日上报达标率和陪护证使用追溯率显著高于应用前(均P<0.05);护士陪护管理人均耗时从(554.13±30.77)s降至(311.67±21.54)s(P<0.05);护士和管理者对该信息化陪护管理功能的满意度显著提高(均P<0.05)。结论 信息化住院陪护管理功能的应用有效提升了疫情期间陪护的管理质量和管理效率,提高了一线护士和管理者的满意度。  相似文献   
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《Vaccine》2022,40(39):5683-5690
The rapid development of innovations and new technologies, the focus on the life-course approach to immunization and equity, and the prevalent hesitancy towards vaccines requires immunization staff to be well-trained and updated regularly in order to deliver quality immunization services to the public. The need for advanced vaccinology training is therefore paramount. In preparation for a second Global Workshop on Advanced Vaccinology Training that took place in March 2022, this paper presents the results of a survey aiming to provide a thorough update of a landscape analysis on advanced vaccinology courses conducted in 2018 and a look at the impact of the COVID-19 crisis. Thirty-three course organizers responded to a survey to provide information on their respective course. Of those, 17 courses are short courses, 11 post-graduate courses and 5 are Master level courses. Most courses are organized on an annual basis. Even though some courses were not sustained overtime, the number of courses has been increasing during the last few years, and at least one vaccinology course is now being offered in each WHO region. Although the training capacity has increased tremendously, the need still exceeds the capacity and many courses have way more applicants than they can select. The most frequent challenges reported included sustainable funding and identifying faculty. The COVID-19 pandemic impacted the delivery of several vaccinology courses, which have been postponed or reformatted to an online or hybrid training event. An e-portal of the global collaboration has been established to facilitate communication between the different courses and to assist future course participants to identify the most suitable course for their needs.  相似文献   
9.
Despite the high population of children, increasing surgical disease burden and shortage of pediatric surgeons, as well as limited infrastructure, children's surgical care in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) has been neglected for decades. This has contributed to unacceptably high morbidity and mortality, long term disabilities and economic loss to families. The work of the global initiative for children's surgery (GICS) has raised the profile and visibility of children's surgery in the global health space. This has been achieved a philosophy of inclusiveness, LMIC participation, focus on LMIC needs and high income country (HIC) support, and driven by implementation to change on the ground situations. Children's operating rooms are being installed to strengthen infrastructure and children's surgery is being gradually included in national surgical plans to provide the policy framework to support children's surgical care. In Nigeria, pediatric surgery workforce has increased from 35 in 2003 to 127 in 2002, but the density remains low at 0.14 per 100,000 population <15 years. Education and training have been strengthened with the publication of a pediatric surgery textbook for Africa and creation of a Pan Africa pediatric surgery e-learning platform. However, financing children's surgery in LMICs remains a barrier as many families are at risk of catastrophic healthcare expenditure. The success of these efforts provides encouraging examples of what can be collectively achieve by appropriate and mutually beneficial global north-south collaborations. Pediatric surgeons need to commit their time, knowledge and skills, as well as experience and voices to strengthen children's surgery globally to impact more lives, for the overall good of more.  相似文献   
10.
背景1型糖尿病(T1DM)患病率逐年增加,其自身免疫的特性易导致患者出现胰腺β细胞破坏和胰岛素缺乏症,进而使患者血糖不易达标。目的应用瞬感扫描式血糖监测系统(FGMS)探讨T1DM患者血糖波动的影响因素,为未来临床采取针对性降糖治疗措施提供依据。方法应用便利抽样法选取2019年5月至2020年4月南京医科大学附属淮安第一医院收治的85例T1DM患者作为研究对象。收集患者性别、年龄、糖尿病病程、婚姻状况、文化程度、吸烟、饮酒等基线资料,测定体质指数(BMI)、腰臀比(WHR)、血压(BP)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、估算肾小球滤过率(eGFR)和尿微量白蛋白/尿肌酐比值(UACR)等临床资料,依据患者平均血糖波动幅度(MAGE)是否高于总体均值0.82 mmol/L将患者分为血糖波动高组与血糖波动低组,评估糖尿病自我管理行为量表(SDSCA)总分及糖尿病授权简化量表(DES-SF)总分,采用多元线性回归分析探讨T1DM患者血糖波动的影响因素。结果两组患者年龄、糖尿病病程、HbA1c、TG、UACR、平均血糖浓度(MEAN)、血糖标准差(SD)、血糖在正常范围内时间(TIR)、DES-SF得分和SDSCA得分比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多元线性回归分析结果显示,年龄是MEAN(β=-0.272,P=0.019)、SD(β=-0.300,P=0.009)、MAGE(β=-0.254,P=0.007)的影响因素;糖尿病病程是MEAN(β=0.466,P=0.029)的影响因素;HbA1c是MEAN(β=0.416,P<0.001)、SD(β=0.330,P=0.004)、TIR(β=-0.287,P=0.014)、MAGE(β=0.182,P<0.001)的影响因素;UACR是SD(β=0.264,P=0.040)、TIR(β=-0.350,P=0.006)、MAGE(β=0.236,P=0.009)的影响因素;SDSCA总分是MEAN(β=0.416,P<0.001)、SD(β=0.330,P=0.004)、TIR(β=-0.287,P=0.014)的影响因素;DES-SF总分是MEAN(β=-0.271,P=0.045)、TIR(β=0.865,P=0.016)的影响因素。结论T1DM患者血糖波动的影响因素包括年龄、糖尿病病程、HbA1c、UACR、自我管理行为以及自我管理潜能,临床应根据这些因素为患者制订个体化降糖策略,从而减少患者的血糖波动,延缓并发症的发生、发展。  相似文献   
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