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1.
[摘要] 目的 分析河南省平顶山市2011—2020年乙型病毒性肝炎(乙肝)流行病学特征,为调整本市的乙肝防控策略和措施提供科学依据。方法?通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统收集网络直报的平顶山市2011—2020年乙肝病例数据,采用描述性流行病学方法进行分析。结果?2011—2020年平顶山市共报告27 078例乙肝病例,年平均发病率为67.47/10万,2016—2020年期间的年平均发病率(36.95/10万)较2011—2015年期间(98.46/10万)明显下降(χ2=5628.949,P=0.000);急、慢性乙肝发病率分别为8.50/10万和57.88/10万;0~14岁以下儿童年平均发病率最低,为2.89/10万,随着年龄的增长,乙肝报告发病率呈现逐渐增高的趋势(χ2趋势=4644.258,P=0.000);男性年平均发病率(71.21/10万)高于女性(63.44/10万)(χ2=89.803,P=0.000);2016—2020年间发病率居前3位的分别为宝丰县(58.40/10万)、舞钢市(57.83/10万)、石龙区(56.50/10万),均为城郊地区。结论?平顶山市2011—2020年乙肝报告发病率呈下降趋势,尤以0~14岁以下儿童发病率较低。建议进一步加强成人乙肝防控工作,并重点加强宝丰县和舞钢市等高风险地区的防控工作。  相似文献   
2.
[摘要] 目的 了解开封地区无偿献血人群HIV感染状况和流行特征,为献血招募、降低输血途径传播HIV及确保临床用血安全提供依据。方法 采用2种不同厂家ELISA试剂和核酸试剂对2013—2020年间539 015例献血者标本进行HIV初筛,结果呈阳性者送开封市疾病预防控制中心确证实验室确证。分析和比较不同特征献血人群HIV感染状况和流行特征。结果 539 015例献血者标本中,HIV初筛阳性120例(2.23/万),经确证HIV阳性53例(0.98/万)。2013—2020年男性献血者HIV阳性率和献血者HIV总阳性率均呈下降趋势。确证后标本HIV阳性率男性(1.34/万)高于女性(0.39/万),首次献血(3.17/万)高于重复献血(0.38/万),全血(1.05/万)高于单采血小板(0.22/万),外地户籍(2.39/万)高于本市户籍(0.91/万),差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。26~35岁(1.52/万)HIV阳性率高于其他年龄段,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。53例HIV阳性献血者中,单纯HIV阳性41例(77.36%),HIV合并其他病原体感染者12例(22.64%)。结论 2013年以来开封地区献血人群HIV阳性率呈下降趋势,HIV感染者主要发生于青年男性、捐献全血、首次献血、低学历、公司职员及外地户籍献血人群。加强献血前征询及建立低危/稳定的献血队伍可降低/避免输血传播HIV风险。  相似文献   
3.
Concentrations of 18 metals and elements (MEs) in the gills, skin, muscle and liver of Carasobarbus luteus and Cyprinus carpio from the Atatürk Reservoir in Turkey were investigated. The results revealed that variations in the ME contents between fish species can be attributed to different diets. The highest contents of most MEs were recorded in the gills. Gender had no significant effect on the contents of most MEs in the tissues of fish species investigated. The relations between MEs in tissues and fish size were not clear and consistent. Health risk assessment methods indicated that consumption of the studied fish species is safe. It was estimated that daily consumption of 140 g of C. carpio or 170 g of C. luteus would not be expected to cause any health risks. Furthermore, it was found that fish species would provide significant benefits in terms of intake of essential MEs.  相似文献   
4.
It has been widely demonstrated that there are a broad range of individual responses to all weight management regimens, often masked by reports of the mean. Identifying features of responders and non-responders to weight loss regimens enables a more tailored approach to the provision of weight management advice. Low-carbohydrate diets are currently popular, and anecdote suggests that males are more successful at losing weight using this approach. This is feasible given the physiological and socio-psychological differences between the genders. We analysed the extent and variation in weight change for males and females separately through a systematic search for all low-carbohydrate diet trials published since 1985. Very few studies compared weight loss outcomes by gender and, of those that did, most lacked supporting data. The majority of studies reported no gender difference but when a gender difference was found, males were more frequently reported as losing more weight than females on a low-carbohydrate diet. The lack of gender stratification in weight loss trials is concerning, as there are a range of gender-based factors that affect weight loss outcomes. This study highlights the importance of examining weight change for males and females separately, since as failure to do so may mask any potential differences, which, if detected, could assist with better weight loss outcomes.  相似文献   
5.
[摘要]?卟啉病是一种与血红素生物合成途径中酶活性缺乏有关的遗传代谢性疾病,其中以肝功能损害为表现的卟啉病较为罕见,易造成误诊、漏诊。我中心在2014年11月—2019年12月共收治6例伴有肝功能损害卟啉病患者,现对其临床表现、肝脏损伤指标、肝脏病理特征、基因检测结果、治疗及转归进行总结分析,以期提高临床医生对伴有肝功能损害卟啉病的认识。  相似文献   
6.
目的:分析急性草甘膦中毒患者预后的影响因素,以期为急性草甘膦的预防和治疗提供参考依据。方法:本研究回顾性选取我院2009年9月—2021年2月期间收治的73例急性草甘膦中毒患者的临床资料,其中男32例,女41例;平均年龄(55.86±17.60)岁;所有患者均随访6个月。随访终点事件为全因死亡,全因死亡12例(16.4%)。按照临床结局分为存活组和死亡组,比较2组患者临床特征及实验室指标差异,将单因素分析中差异具有统计学意义的指标纳入多元logistic回归分析,得出独立预后影响因素,使用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线检验独立危险因素在急性草甘膦中毒预后的预测价值。结果:73例患者单因素分析显示,死亡组年龄、首次医疗接触(FMC)、总胆红素(TBIL)、谷氨酰转移酶(GGT)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、氯、白细胞、凝血时间均大于存活组,钾低于存活组(P<0.05);多元logistic回归分析显示,GGT、白细胞、凝血时间、年龄及接触医疗时间为急性草甘膦中毒患者预后的影响因素(P<0.05);创建新的预测模型:-21.559+0.054×GGT(U/L)+0.253×白细胞(×109/L)+0.593×凝血时间(s)+0.103×年龄(岁)(>70岁=1,<70岁=0)+1.656×FMC(2 h以内=1、2~6 h=2、6 h以上=3);ROC曲线显示,预测模型的AUC为0.900,临界值为0.622,此时的敏感度为91.7%,特异度为70.5%,诊断价值优于单一指标。结论:GGT、白细胞、凝血时间、年龄及接触医疗时间是预测急性草甘膦中毒患者预后的独立危险因素,建立新的预测模型对急性草甘膦中毒患者预后具有较好的预测价值。  相似文献   
7.
采用Mimics对心脏进行三维重构,用3-matic进行模型优化以及模型误差分析,对左心室室壁运动做速度分布假设,基于UDF宏文件对左心室室壁运动编写程序,将血液视为非牛顿流体,采用动网格技术研究不同血压对左心室血液流动的影响。模拟发现当左心室收缩时,压力梯度明显,内部压力减小。当左心室舒张时,内部压力逐渐增高。二尖瓣口处的速率先增大后减小。血压升高,左心室内剪切应力持续增大,极易破坏红细胞结构,产生溶血现象,导致心脏功能紊乱。  相似文献   
8.
BackgroundIn order to avoid excessive treatment of thyroid nodules in the clinic, it is necessary to find a simple and practical analysis method to comprehensively and accurately reflect benign or malignant thyroid nodules. This study aimed to construct and validate a comprehensive and reliable network-based predictive model using a variety of imaging and laboratory criteria for thyroid nodules to stratify the risk of malignancy prior to surgery.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed data from patients who underwent surgical treatment for thyroid nodules at the Thyroid and Breast Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Weifang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine between January 2018 and December 2020. Binary logical regression analysis was performed to predict whether nodules were malignant or benign. The developmental dataset included 457 patients (January 2018–December 2020). The validation set included separate data points (n = 225, January 2018–December 2020).ResultsIn this study, criteria that showed significant predictive value for malignant nodules included TI-RADS: 4b (p = 0.065); Bethesda IV, Bethesda V, Bethesda VI (P < 0.0001); BRAFV600E mutation (P < 0.0001); Calcitonin>5 pg/ml (p = 0.0037); and FNA-Tg>30 ng/ml (p = 0.0003). A 10-grade risk scoring system was developed. The risk of malignancy risk ranged from 2.06% to 100% and was positively associated with increasing risk grade. The areas under the receiver-operating characteristic curve of the development and validation sets were 0.972 and 0.946, respectively.ConclusionA simple, comprehensive and reliable web-based predictive model was designed using a variety of imaging and laboratory criteria to stratify thyroid nodules by probability of malignancy.  相似文献   
9.
10.
Background and aimsAlthough antithrombotic treatments are established for coronary artery disease (CAD), they increase the bleeding risk, especially in malnourished patients. The total thrombus-formation analysis system (T-TAS) is useful for the assessment of thrombogenicity in CAD patients. Here, we examined the relationships among malnutrition, thrombogenicity and 1-year bleeding events in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Methods and resultsThis was a retrospective analysis of 300 consecutive CAD patients undergoing PCI. Blood samples obtained on the day of PCI were used in the T-TAS to compute the thrombus formation area under the curve. We assigned patients to two groups based on the geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI): 102 patients to the lower GNRI group (≤98), 198 patients to the higher GNRI group (98<). The primary endpoint was the incidence of 1-year bleeding events defined by Bleeding Academic Research Consortium criteria types 2, 3, or 5. The T-TAS levels were lower in the lower GNRI group than in the higher GNRI group. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed worse 1-year bleeding event-free survival in the lower GNRI group compared with the higher GNRI group. The combined model of the GNRI and the Academic Research Consortium for High Bleeding Risk (ARC-HBR) had good calibration and discrimination for bleeding risk prediction. In addition, having a lower GNRI and ARC-HBR positivity was associated with 1-year bleeding events.ConclusionA lower GNRI could reflect low thrombogenicity evaluated by the T-TAS and determine bleeding risk in combination with ARC-HBR positivity.  相似文献   
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