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排序方式: 共有273条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
目的 探讨高血压合并糖耐量减低(IGT)对老年男性人群全因死亡风险的影响。方法 纳入2005年5月至2007年5月在解放军总医院第二医学中心行口服葡萄糖耐量试验检出的老年男性IGT患者和正常糖耐量(NGT)人群,根据基线时是否存在高血压病史和IGT分为4组:非高血压(NH)+正常糖耐量(NGT)组、高血压(H)+NGT组、NH+IGT组、H+IGT组,每年至少随访1次。采用SPSS 13.0统计软件进行数据分析。采用Cox回归模型分析不同组别全因死亡风险的差异。结果 与NH+NGT组比较,H+IGT组(HR=2.55,95%CI 1.56-4.16; P<0.001)和NH+IGT组(HR=2.40,95%CI 1.35-4.25; P=0.003)2型糖尿病发病风险显著升高。单因素Cox比例风险回归分析提示,与NH+NGT组比较,H+IGT组(HR=2.59,95%CI 1.34-5.01; P=0.005)全因死亡风险明显升高,而H+NGT组和NH+IGT组无统计学差异(P>0.05)。在调整相关危险因素后多因素Cox比例风险回归分析显示,H+IGT组(HR=1.83,95%CI 0.90-3.70; P=0.095)全因死亡风险较NH+NGT组虽无统计学差异(P>0.05),但有升高的趋势。结论 老年男性人群高血压合并IGT与全因死亡风险密切相关,高血压与IGT并存可导致全因死亡风险增加。  相似文献   
2.

Purpose

This article presents a systematic review of the prevalence of violence against adolescents in the 22 countries of the Arab League.

Methods

Data on physical and emotional child maltreatment, sexual abuse, bullying and fighting, violence in schools, and intimate partner violence against adolescent girls were retrieved using: (1) a systematic search for peer-reviewed journal articles using Medline and the Social Sciences Citation Index; and (2) a search for nationally-representative, population-based surveys.

Results

Published evidence suggests that physical, sexual, and emotional violence against adolescents is widespread in the Arab region. In many studies, prevalence rates exceeded other regional or global estimates, including rates of violent discipline, fighting, and intimate partner violence against adolescent girls. Data on certain forms of violence (e.g. violent discipline) are available from many Arab countries; but data on other forms, e.g., sexual abuse, are scarce. Most peer-reviewed journal articles are based on small studies with diverse operational definitions and methods, making comparisons challenging.

Conclusions

High rates of violence against adolescents in the region merit greater attention from policy makers concerned with determinants of adolescent health. There is also a need to expand and improve the quality of quantitative and qualitative research on violence against adolescents in the region.  相似文献   
3.
《Vaccine》2016,34(10):1233-1240
The 1st Workshop on National Immunization Programs and Vaccine Coverage in Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Countries Group (WNIPVC-ASEAN) held a meeting on April 30, 2015, Pattaya, Thailand under the auspices of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society and the World Health Organization (WHO). Reports on the current status and initiatives of the national immunization program (NIP) in each ASEAN countries that attended were presented. These reports along with survey data collected from ministries of health in ASEAN countries NIPs demonstrate that good progress has been made toward the goal of the Global Vaccine Action Plan (GVAP). However, some ASEAN countries have fragile health care systems that still have insufficient vaccine coverage of some basic EPI antigens. Most ASEAN countries still do not have national coverage of some new and underused vaccines, and raising funds for the expansion of NIPs is challenging. Also, there is insufficient research into disease burden of vaccine preventable diseases and surveillance. Health care workers must advocate NIPs to government policy makers and other stakeholders as well as improve research and surveillance to achieve the goals of the GVAP.  相似文献   
4.
《Vaccine》2019,37(35):4928-4936
BackgroundThe pace of global progress must increase if the Global Vaccine Action Plan (GVAP) goals are to be achieved by 2020. We administered a two-phase survey to key immunization stakeholders to assess the utility and application of GVAP, including how it has impacted country immunization programs, and to find ways to strengthen the next 10-year plan.MethodsFor the Phase I survey, an online questionnaire was sent to global immunization stakeholders in summer 2017. The Phase II survey was sent to regional and national immunization stakeholders in summer 2018, including WHO Regional Advisors on Immunization, Expanded Programme on Immunization managers, and WHO and UNICEF country representatives from 20 countries. Countries were selected based on improvements (10) versus decreases (10) in DTP3 coverage from 2010 to 2016.ResultsGlobal immunization stakeholders (n = 38) cite global progress in improving vaccine delivery (88%) and engaging civil society organizations as advocates for vaccines (83%). Among regional and national immunization stakeholders (n = 58), 70% indicated reaching mobile and underserved populations with vaccination activities as a major challenge. The top ranked activities for helping country programs achieve progress toward GVAP goals include improved monitoring of vaccination coverage and upgrading disease surveillance systems. Most respondents (96%) indicated GVAP as useful for determining immunization priorities and 95% were supportive of a post-2020 GVAP strategy.ConclusionsImmunization stakeholders see GVAP as a useful tool, and there is cause for excitement as the global immunization community looks toward the next decade of vaccines. The next 10-year plan should attempt to increase political will, align immunization activities with other health system agendas, and address important issues like reaching mobile/migrant populations and improving data reporting systems.  相似文献   
5.
6.
PurposeThe impact of the adherence to dietary guidelines of early-stage breast cancer (EBC) patients on body composition changes during treatment is not entirely defined. This study aimed to evaluate the role of an evidence-based nutrition educational intervention, according to adherence to dietary guidelines, in EBC patients.MethodsThis prospective study included EBC patients, candidates for neoadjuvant/adjuvant therapy. Patients received an evidence-based tailored nutrition educational intervention. The adherence to dietary guidelines, anthropometric and dietary assessments, and blood glucose and lipid profile tests were evaluated at baseline and after a 12-months nutritional intervention.ResultsTwo hundred and forty-three patients were enrolled. At baseline, 38.3% and 23.9% of patients were overweight and obese, weight gain ≥5% (compared to 6-months before enrollment) and central obesity were observed in 47.3% and 52.7% of patients, respectively. Adherence to dietary guidelines was low (median Med-Diet score: 6 [IQR 4–8]). After the nutritional intervention (median follow-up: 22 months [range 12–45]), adherence to dietary guidelines significantly increased (median Med-Diet score: 12 [IQR 8–13]), p < 0.0001). High adherence to dietary guidelines (defines as Med-Diet score ≥10) significantly correlated with: 1) overall weight loss ≥5% (21.8% vs. 2.5%, p = 0.003); 2) median BMI drop (from 25.6 kg/m2 to 24.4 kg/m2, p = 0.003); 3) lower prevalence of central obesity (38.2% vs. 7.2%, p = 0.01); 4) improvement in blood glucose levels and lipid profile.ConclusionThis study suggests that an evidence-based tailored nutrition educational intervention during treatment for EBC significantly increases overall adherence to dietary guidelines, and it improves both anthropometric measures and serum metabolic biomarkers in patients with high adherence.  相似文献   
7.
目的:通过对英国癌症药物基金(Cancer Drugs Fund, CDF)的形成背景、运行机制及改革中优化管理策略进行批判借鉴研究,为中国创新药准入及管理政策的制定提供参考。方法:文献梳理、政策分析。结果:CDF在解决癌症患者创新药的可及性、可负担性方面具有积极意义,但同时存在较大争议。CDF通过不断改革完善、优化基金管理办法,在药品准入和退出机制、审批流程规范化、预算管理风险分摊协议等方面做出优化调整。结论和建议:CDF在癌症创新药快速准入方面的经验及教训值得我国批判借鉴。中国的创新药支付政策方面,建议可成立多元化筹资的癌症药物基金,建立药物准入及退出机制,关注真实世界数据在支付决策中的作用,探索合理超支分担科学管理的预算协议。  相似文献   
8.
目的 探讨实时动态血糖监测系统(RT-CGMS)在白族糖尿病合并老年多器官功能不全综合征(MODSE)患者治疗中的临床应用价值。方法 纳入2018年1月至12月在大理白族自治州人民医院老年病科住院的白族糖尿病合并MODSE、急性生理和慢性健康状况APACHE Ⅱ评分>15分的患者112例。患者分为2组,RT-CGMS组和自我血糖监测(SMBG)组,每组56例。比较2组患者的一般临床资料、血糖波动指标、低血糖发生率、平均每日胰岛素用量、住院时间及28d病死率。采用SPSS 16.0软件进行统计分析,2组间比较采用t检验或χ2检验。结果 与观察第2天相比,SMBG组患者第3天的血糖水平标准差(SDBG)显著降低[(3.2±1.1)和(2.9±1.0)mmol/L;P<0.05],RT-CGMS组患者第3天的平均血糖水平[MBG,(10.8±2.5)和(8.8±1.9)mmol/L;SDBG,(2.8±0.8)和(1.8±0.7)mmol/L]、最大血糖波动幅度[LAGE,(8.9±3.6)和(7.2±1.6)mmol/L]、平均血糖波动幅度[MAGE,(6.3±1.0)和(5.0±0.4)mmol/L]均显著降低(P<0.05)。观察第2天,与SMBG组患者相比,RT-CGMS组患者SDBG显著降低[(2.8±0.8)和(3.2±1.1)mmol/L;P<0.05];观察第3天,与SMBG组患者相比,RT-CGMS组患者MBG[(8.8±1.9)和(10.9±2.8)mmol/L]、SDBG[(1.8±0.7)和(2.9±1.0)mmol/L]、LAGE[(7.2±1.6)和(9.6±3.1)mmol/L]均显著降低(P<0.05)。与SMBG组相比,RT-CGMS组患者的低血糖发生率(16.1%和3.6%)、平均每日胰岛素量[(38.2±6.8)和(32.1±5.4)IU/d]、住院时间[(14.6±4.2)和(12.1±4.0)d]均显著降低(P<0.05)。结论 RT-CGMS的应用可降低糖尿病合并MODSE患者的血糖波动,对提高抢救成功率、延长生存期及减少平均住院日具有重要的临床意义。  相似文献   
9.
目的 分析Caprini风险评估模型用于预测高龄慢性心力衰竭患者深静脉血栓形成(DVT)的价值。方法 选取2018年1月至2020年12月首都医科大学附属北京世纪坛医院心血管内科诊治的高龄慢性心力衰竭合并DVT患者共44例作为病例组(DVT组),采用随机数表法选取同时期未患DVT的高龄慢性心力衰竭患者88例作为对照组。收集所有患者的临床资料,采用Caprini风险评估模型对所有患者进行评分及危险度分级。采用SPSS 18.0统计软件进行数据分析。采用logistic回归分析高龄慢性心力衰竭患者发生DVT的危险因素。通过受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析Caprini风险评估模型对高龄慢性心力衰竭患者发生DVT的诊断价值。结果 高龄慢性心力衰竭合并DVT患者的Caprini风险评估模型评分明显高于对照组[(7.77±1.96)和(5.77±1.36)分;P<0.001]。多因素logistic回归分析显示,Caprini风险模型评分是高龄慢性心力衰竭患者DVT形成的独立危险因素(OR=1.733,95%CI 1.193~2.519;P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示,Caprini风险评估模型预测高龄慢性心力衰竭患者发生DVT的曲线下面积为0.801(95%CI 0.723~0.879)。结论 Caprini风险评估模型对高龄慢性心力衰竭患者DVT发生风险具有良好的预测价值,可被应用于高龄慢性心力衰竭患者血栓形成风险评估。  相似文献   
10.
目的:探讨发达国家在生物安全相关领域的主要发展。方法:从美、英、法3国政府资助平台获取信息,分析生物安全相关领域的基金资助情况。结果:美国于2001年以后对生物安全研究的资助力度显著增加,双重布局基础研究与防控措施研究。英国原RCUK近5年对传染病的检测与预防,以及水产养殖的生物安全等的资助力度逐年加大。法国生物安全资助项目较少,主要为传染病传播机制与防治研究。结论:美国2001年的炭疽事件引发生物安全研究的投入大幅增加,英、法的研究晚于美国,且资助力度远不及美国。  相似文献   
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