Frailty评分对枸橼酸伊沙佐米治疗多发性骨髓瘤不良反应的预测价值

目的 探讨Frailty评分对枸橼酸伊沙佐米治疗多发性骨髓瘤(multiple myeloma, MM)不良反应的预测价值。方法 选取MM患者72例,均予以枸橼酸伊沙佐米联合沙利度胺、地塞米松方案治疗,观察治疗效果及不良反应。并根据患者不良反应程度分为Ⅰ～Ⅱ级组和Ⅲ～Ⅳ级组。比较2组Frailty评分;采用Cox回归模型分析化疗相关Ⅲ～Ⅳ级不良反应的影响因素;采用ROC曲线模型分析Frailty评分对化疗相关Ⅲ～Ⅳ级不良反应的预测价值。结果 72例MM患者均实施枸橼酸伊沙佐米治疗,总有效率为80.55%;出现不良反应70例、以乏力占比最高,发生率为72.22%,其次为淋巴细胞降低25.00%、贫血18.06%,未出现任何不良反应2例。Ⅲ～Ⅳ级组Frailty评分高于Ⅰ～Ⅱ级组(P<0.05)。70例出现不良反应患者均随访12个月,其平均生存时间(22.30±2.28)个月。Cox回归分析结果显示,Frailty评分≥2分是MM患者发生Ⅲ～Ⅳ级不良反应的影响因素。ROC曲线分析显示,Frailty评分预测化疗相关Ⅲ～Ⅳ级不良反应AUC值为0.925(95%CI:0.816～1.00...     

老年高血压相关性衰弱的发病机制及运动干预机制的研究进展

随着我国老龄化进程的进一步加剧,衰弱作为常见的老年综合征已成为备受关注的公共卫生问题。高血压与衰弱常共存于老年人,导致出现多种不良健康结局。本文分析了老年高血压相关性衰弱的流行现状及发病机制,包括炎性反应、氧化应激反应、胰岛素抵抗及激素代谢紊乱等,总结了运动干预改善高血压相关性衰弱的可能作用途径,并发现目前关于高血压相关性衰弱的运动作用机制类研究仍然缺乏,而且不同类型的运动干预形式对机体的作用机制也存在一定差异性,未来可以进一步探讨不同的运动干预形式对高血压相关性衰弱的作用靶点及干预效果的不同。     

The Prevalence of Frailty Among Older Adults Living With Dementia: A Systematic Review

ObjectivesTo investigate the prevalence of frailty in older adults living with dementia and explore the differences in medication use according to frailty status.DesignSystematic review of published literature from inception to August 20, 2020.Setting and ParticipantsAdults age ≥65 years living with dementia in acute-care, community and residential care settings.MethodsA systematic search was performed in Embase, Medline, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, APA PscyInfo, CINAHL, Scopus, and Web of Science. Two reviewers independently screened records and conducted quality assessment using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.ResultsSixteen articles met the inclusion criteria, with 7 studies conducted in acute care setting and 9 studies in community-dwelling adults. Five studies recruited people with dementia exclusively, and 11 studies were conducted in older populations that included individuals with dementia diagnosis. Among studies conducted in acute care setting, the prevalence of frailty ranged from 50.8% to 91.8% compared with studies in community-dwelling setting, which reported a prevalence of 24.3% to 98.9%. With respect to medication exposure, 3 studies documented medication use according to frailty status but not dementia status. Higher medications use, measured as total number of medications was reported in frail [7.0 ± 4.0 (SD) ?12.0 ± 9.0 (SD)] compared with nonfrail participants [6.1 ± 3.1(SD) ?10.4 ± 3.8 (SD)].Conclusions and ImplicationsCurrent data suggests a wide range of frailty prevalence in individuals with dementia. Future studies should systematically document frailty in adults living with dementia and its impact on medication use.     

Self-Reported Frailty Screening Tools: Comparing Construct Validity of the Frailty Phenotype Questionnaire and FRAIL

ObjectivesWe examined the construct validity of 2 self-reported frailty questionnaires, the Frailty Phenotype Questionnaire (FPQ) and FRAIL, against the Cardiovascular Health Study frailty phenotype (CHS-FP).DesignCross-sectional data analysis of longitudinal prospective cohort study.Settings and ParticipantsWe included data from 230 older adults (mean age: 67.2 ± 7.4 years) from the “Longitudinal Assessment of Biomarkers for characterization of early Sarcopenia and Osteosarcopenic Obesity in predicting frailty and functional decline in community-dwelling Asian older adults Study” (GeriLABS 2) recruited between December 2017 and March 2019.MethodsWe compared area under receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC), agreement, correlation, and predictive validity against outcome measures [Short Physical Performance Battery, 5 times repeat chair stand (RCS-5), Frenchay activities index, International Physical Activity Questionnaire, life-space assessment, Social Functioning Scale 8 (SFS-8), EuroQol-5 dimensions (utility value)] using logistic regression adjusted for age, gender, and vascular risk factors. We examined concurrent validity across robust versus prefrail/frail for inflammatory blood biomarkers [tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 and C-reactive protein (CRP)] and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry body composition [bone mineral density (BMD); appendicular lean mass index (ALMI), and fat mass index (FMI)].ResultsPrevalence of prefrail/frail was 25.7%, 14.8%, and 48.3% for FPQ, FRAIL, and CHS-FP, respectively. Compared with FRAIL, FPQ had better diagnostic performance (AUC = 0.617 vs 0.531, P = .002; sensitivity = 37.8% vs 18.0%; specificity = 85.6% vs 88.2%) and agreement (AC1-Stat = 0.303 vs 0.197). FPQ showed good predictive validity [RCS-5: odds ratio (OR) 2.38; 95% CI: 1.17–4.86; International Physical Activity Questionnaire: OR 3.62; 95% CI:1.78–7.34; SFS-8: OR 2.11; 95% CI: 1.64–5.89 vs FRAIL: all P > .05]. Only FRAIL showed concurrent validity for CRP, compared with both FPQ and FRAIL for TNF-R1. FRAIL showed better concurrent validity for BMD, FMI, and possibly ALMI, unlike FPQ (all P > .05).Conclusions and ImplicationsOur results support complementary validity of FPQ and FRAIL in independent community-dwelling older adults. FPQ has increased case detection sensitivity with good predictive validity, whereas FRAIL demonstrates concurrent validity for inflammation and body composition. With better diagnostic performance and validity for blood biomarkers and clinical outcomes, FPQ has utility for early frailty detection in the community setting.     

Transitions Between Frailty States and Its Predictors in a Cohort of Community-Dwelling Spaniards

ObjectivesStudy the frequency and determinants of frailty transitions in a community-dwelling older population.DesignPopulation-based prospective longitudinal study [The Toledo Study of Healthy Ageing (TSHA)].Setting and Participants1748 community-dwelling individuals aged >65 years living in Toledo, a Spanish province.MethodsFrailty was measured with the Fried phenotype. Logistic models were used to assess the associations of sociodemographic, clinical, life-habits, functional, physical performance, and analytical variables with frailty transitions (losing robustness, transitioning from prefrailty to robustness, and from prefrailty to frailty) over a median of 5.2 years.ResultsMean age on enrolment was 75 years, and 55.8% were females. At baseline, 10.3% were frail and 43.1% prefrail. At follow-up, 35.8% of the frail individuals recovered to a prefrail and 15.1% to a robust state. In addition, 43.7% of the prefrail participants became robust, but 14.5% developed frailty. Of those robust at baseline, 32.9% became prefrail and 4.2% frail. In multivariate logistic models, chair-stands had a predictive role in all transitions studied: linearly in keeping robustness and with a floor effect (5 stands) in transitions from prefrailty to robustness and (inversely) from prefrailty to frailty. More depressive symptoms were associated with unfavorable transitions. Not declaring the amount of alcohol drunk and low grip strength were associated with loss of robustness. Hearing and cognitive impairment, low physical activity and smoking with transitioning from prefrailty to frailty. Autonomy for instrumental activities of daily living and uricemia were associated with transitions between robustness and prefrailty in both directions. Increasing body mass index in the range of moderate to severe obesity hampered regaining robustness.Conclusions and ImplicationsSpontaneous improvement of frailty measured with the Fried phenotype is frequent, mainly to prefrailty. Most of the variables associated with transitions are modifiable and suggest research topics and interventions to reduce frailty in clinical and social care settings.     

社区老年人群衰弱发生现状及影响因素研究

目的 了解社区老年人群衰弱及其对突发公共卫生事件的心理应激调适现状,为进一步对高危人群干预提供依据。方法 便利抽取北京某社区200例老年患者,采用一般资料调查表、Tilburg衰弱量表、突发性公共卫生事件心理问卷对其进行衰弱发生现状调查,并分析其影响因素。结果 新冠疫情常态化防控下某社区老年人群衰弱发生率高达42.0%,Logistic回归分析结果显示年龄（OR=1.056,95%CI:1.005～1.110）和目前服药种类（OR=2.419,95%CI:1.442～4.057）是老年人群衰弱发生的危险因素,参加集体活动的频次（OR=0.602,95%CI:0.366～0.990）是衰弱发生的保护因素。社区老年人群心理应激因子阳性发生率从高到低依次为：恐惧、抑郁、神经衰弱、强迫-焦虑、疑病,心理应激各维度与衰弱总分均呈正相关（P<0.05）。结论 新冠疫情常态化防控下社区老年人群衰弱发生率较高,这和年龄、心理应激、集体活动、服药种类密切相关,社区工作者应予以重视,并采取针对性的干预,提高老年人群身心健康水平。     

3种衰弱评估工具对老年腹部手术患者术后并发症预测效能的比较分析

目的：比较衰弱表型(Frailty Phenotype,FP)、衰弱量表(Frail scale,FS)、埃德蒙特衰弱量表(The Edmonton Frail Scale,EFS)3种衰弱评估工具对老年腹部手术患者术后并发症的预测效能,以期为衰弱评估工具的选择提供参考。方法：便利选取某三级甲等医院年龄≥60岁的老年腹部手术患者184例,采用FP、FS、EFS评估患者的衰弱状态,收集患者的一般资料、手术类型、手术方式以及术后并发症的资料。应用χ²检验,通过受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线分析FP、FS和EFS对老年腹部手术患者术后并发症的预测作用。结果：184例老年腹部手术患者FP、FS、EFS衰弱的检出率分别为22.3%、16.8%、22.2%, 3种评估工具的衰弱检出率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。FP预测老年腹部手术患者术后并发症发生的ROC面积为0.798,高于FS、EFS的0.681和0.670(P<0.05)。结论：3种衰弱评估工具对老年腹部手术患者的衰弱检出率具有一致...     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病与老年综合征——老年科医师的视角

【摘要】 慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）是我国常见和重要危害国人身体健康的慢性呼吸道疾病。随着年龄的增长,慢阻肺患病率呈指数型增加,其亦是一种增龄相关性疾病(老年病)。衰弱和肌少症是老年医学科临床上重要的两种老年综合征,往往与慢阻肺患者的临床不良结局密切相关。本文就衰弱和肌少症的临床评估工具,慢阻肺时两种老年综合征的流行病学,生物学机制及可能的干预策略等做一述评。