基于虚拟教研室的公共卫生安全素养培育课程构建及实践

目的:探讨基于虚拟教研室的公共卫生安全素养培育课程构建及实践。方法:选取某医学院校专科护理专业学生(护生)为研究对象,将护理1班45人作为试验组,将护理2班43人作为对照组,对照组对公共卫生安全知识实施线上与线下的常规教学,试验组实施基于虚拟教研室的公共卫生安全素养培育课程。比较两组护生内容掌握情况及学习满意度。结果:试验组护生的学习成绩明显高于对照组(P<0.01),试验组护生对教学的满意度为95.6%(43/45),明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:基于虚拟教研室的公共卫生安全素养培育课程构建既可以广泛促进不同专业教师进行教学研究交流,全面提高教师教书育人能力,又可以使护生在学习过程中接触不同专业、不同领域的知识与技能,注重护生主体作用,提高学习效果和学习满意度。     

智力和发展性残疾儿童青少年身体活动效益：基于ICF的系统综述

目的 基于《国际功能、残疾和健康分类》(ICF)构建智力和发展性残疾儿童青少年身体活动效益系统综述的范畴和PICO架构，探讨智力和发展性残疾儿童和青少年参加身体活动的健康效益。     

Citizen science in the community: Gaining insight in community and participant health in four deprived neighbourhoods in the Netherlands

The aim of this study was to examine if citizen science contributes to gaining insight into community health and to the health of the citizen scientists themselves. Therefore, thirteen citizens in four deprived neighbourhoods were trained as citizen scientists to conduct research in their own communities. Results showed that the citizen scientists identified forty (health related) themes in their communities. The citizen scientists reported an increase in their overall self-perceived health which, however, was not significantly demonstrated in the prequestionnaire and postquestionnaire.     

Motivational interviewing for maternal Immunizations: Intervention development

Background and ObjectiveVaccine uptake during pregnancy remains low. Our objectives were to describe 1) development and adaptation of a clinician communication training intervention for maternal immunizations and 2) obstetrics and gynecology (ob-gyn) clinician and staff perspectives on the intervention and fit for the prenatal care context.MethodsDesign of the Motivational Interviewing for Maternal Immunizations (MI4MI) intervention was based on similar communication training interventions for pediatric settings and included presumptive initiation of vaccine recommendations (“You’re due for two vaccines today”) combined with motivational interviewing (MI) for hesitant patients. Interviews and focus group discussions were conducted with ob-gyn clinicians and staff in five Colorado clinics including settings with obstetric physicians, certified nurse midwives (CNMs), and clinician-trainees. Participants were asked about adapting training to the ob-gyn setting and their implementation experiences. Feedback was incorporated through iterative changes to training components.ResultsInterview and focus group discussion results from participants before (n = 3), during (n = 11) and after (n = 25) implementation guided intervention development and adaptation. Three virtual, asynchronous training components were created: a video and two interactive modules. This virtual format was favored due to challenges attending group meetings; however, participants noted opportunities to practice skills through role-play were lacking. Training modules were adapted to include common challenging vaccine conversations and live-action videos. Participants liked interactive training components and use of adult learning strategies. Some participants initially resisted the presumptive approach but later found it useful after applying it in their practices. Overall, participants reported that MI4MI training fit well with the prenatal context and recommended more inclusion of non-clinician staff.ConclusionsMI4MI training was viewed as relevant and useful for ob-gyn clinicians and staff. Suggestions included making training more interactive, and including more complex scenarios and non-clinician staff.     

Survival analysis of crown margin repair: A retrospective study in a dental school setting

BackgroundRepairing crowns with defective margins is minimally invasive and cost-effective compared with replacement. The authors’ objectives were to examine the survival trajectory of crown margin repairs and to determine the factors associated with survival.MethodsRecords of adult patients from January 2008 through August 2019 were reviewed for crown margin repairs completed at University of Iowa College of Dentistry. A total of 1,002 crown margin repairs were found. Each repair was followed through the end of study in 2019 or until an event (for example, additional repair, endodontic treatment, crown replacement, or extraction). A Cox proportional hazards model was used to study the relationship between selected covariates and time to event.ResultsDuring the follow-up period, 32.8% of the repairs needed reintervention. In the final model, repair material was the only significant covariate. No difference was found between the survival of repairs done with resin-modified glass ionomer and amalgam. However, the repairs done with resin-based composite and conventional glass ionomer were more likely (1.5 times: 95% CI, 1.02 to 2.10 times; and 2 times: 95% CI, 1.40 to 2.73 times, respectively) to need reintervention than were those done with amalgam.ConclusionsMedian survival time of crown margin repairs was 5.1 years (95% CI, 4.48 to 5.72 years). Median survival times for amalgam, resin-modified glass ionomer, resin-based composite, and glass ionomer repair materials were 5.7 years (95% CI, 4.80 to 6.25 years), 5.3 years (95% CI, 4.73 to 6.34 years), 3.2 years (95% CI, 2.51 to 6.19 years), and 3.0 years (95% CI, 2.53 to 3.62 years), respectively.Practical ImplicationsWhen considering crown margin repairs, resin-modified glass ionomer or amalgam is preferable to resin-based composite or glass ionomer.     

增进积极体验为目标的健康干预对抑郁症病人抑郁情绪及生活质量的影响

目的:探讨增进积极体验为目标的健康干预对抑郁症病人抑郁情绪及生活质量的影响。方法:选择2019年9月—2021年3月在医院就诊的68例抑郁症病人为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为观察组与对照组,每组34例。对照组予以常规护理,观察组在常规护理基础上予以增进积极体验为目标的健康干预。干预前后分别采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、世界卫生组织生存质量测定量表简表(WHOQOL-BREF)评估病人的抑郁情绪和生活质量,同时对两组病人的护理满意度进行比较。结果:干预后观察组病人抑郁评分低于对照组(P<0.05);两组病人的生理功能、心理功能、社会功能及环境功能指标均较干预前有明显改善,且观察组评分均高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组病人对护理干预的总满意度为97.06%,高于对照组的61.76%(P<0.05)。结论:增进积极体验为目标的健康干预可明显缓解抑郁症病人的抑郁情绪,提高病人的生活质量。