探究128层CT血管造影心肌桥-壁冠状动脉图像特征及与冠脉动脉粥样硬化的相关性

目的探讨128层CT血管造影心肌桥-壁冠状动脉(MB-MCA)图像特征及与冠脉动脉粥样硬化的相关性。方法收集2018年1月至12月于我院进行冠状动脉成像检查的126例患者临床及影像学资料,总结所有患者MB-MCA检出率情况及与冠状动脉硬化的相关性。结果126例患者MB-MCA检出率为65.08%,其中LAD中段检出率最高,浅表型最为多见;CT检出位于MB-MCA近侧动脉硬化斑块发生率最高(63.41%,P<0.05),检出MB-MCA患者斑块检出率为(52.22%)与未检出MB-MCA患者斑块检出率(45.45%)比较无差异(P>0.05);且CT检出MB-MCA患者累及段数和斑块的狭窄程度与未检出MB-MCA患者相比较无统计学意义(P>0.05),但检出MB-MCA患者的斑块主要分布于动脉近段,而未检出MB-MCA患者的斑块主要位于中段和远段(P<0.05)。结论128层CT血管造影可较好地检出MB-MCA,且主要好发于LAD,以浅表型更为多见。但MB-MCA的形成与冠状动脉硬化无直接联系,当MB出现收缩和功能血流减少的时候可能会导致冠状动脉硬化的形成。     

肌肉原发髓外浆细胞瘤的影像学表现及鉴别诊断

目的探讨分析原发于肌肉组织的髓外浆细胞瘤的CT及MRI表现、鉴别诊断,提高对该病的认识。方法收集经病理证实的肌肉原发髓外浆细胞瘤3例,对其影像学及鉴别诊断进行回顾性分析和总结。结果(1)发生部位:左侧竖脊肌1例,右侧闭孔内外肌1例,左股部肌肉1例;(2)肿块大小:最大径约26.4cm,最小径约4.7cm;(3)肿块边缘:较清晰;(4)密度或信号:CT密度或MRI信号较均匀,与临近肌肉类似,增强扫描中度强化,DWI呈明显高信号,ADC-map呈明显低信号改变;(5)临近组织改变:周围肌间隙受压或消失,临近骨质呈溶骨性骨质破坏。结论肌肉原发髓外浆细胞瘤CT、MRI表现有一定特点,能够明确显示病变范围及周围骨骼受侵情况,但确诊尚需病理学检查。     

良、恶性肺磨玻璃结节MSCT影像学特征及诊断价值

目的分析良、恶性肺磨玻璃结节MSCT影像学特征及诊断价值。方法回顾性分析,本院2017年2月至2019年8月在本院收治的100例肺部GGN患者,所有患者均进行MSCT检查。对患者所得图像进行分析,对患者临床资料进行收集分析,并以病理结果为基准比较MSCT检查对良、恶性肺磨玻璃结节诊断符合率。结果良恶性肺GGN患者在吸烟史、年龄、肿瘤直径,有MSCT征象(毛刺、空泡、分叶、胸膜凹陷、血管集束、支气管充气)、以及CT值比中差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多元Logistic回归分析:年龄偏大、CT值高、有毛刺、空泡、分叶、胸膜凹陷、支气管充气征为影响恶性肺GGN的危险因素(P<0.05)。与病理结果比较,MSCT对良性肺GGN诊断符合率不一致(P<0.05)。但对恶性肺GGN诊断符合率一致(P>0.05)。结论对存在危险因素的患者需怀疑是否为恶性肺GGN,对肺GGN性质诊断中需结合患者基本情况、临床表现、影像学检查进行诊断鉴别。     

脊柱结核病灶MSCT、MRI影像学表现及对内镜手术指导价值分析

目的研究脊柱结核病灶MSCT、MRI影像学表现及对内镜手术指导价值。方法回顾分析本院2017年6月至2019年6月收治的70例脊柱结核患者的临床资料,所有患者均接受MSCT、MRI检查。观察患者影像学表现,记录并比较MSCT检查、MRI检查所需总时间、病灶检出时间以及对脊柱结核阳性征象(脊髓侵犯,骨质钙化、坏死,椎管狭窄、椎旁脓肿以及骨质破坏等情况)检出率。结果MSCT检查所需总时间、病灶检出时间均短于MRI检查(P<0.05);MSCT、MRI检查在椎管狭窄、椎旁脓肿、骨质破坏检出率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),在脊髓侵犯、骨质钙化、坏死检查中差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。脊柱结核MSCT影像学表现为骨质坏死、椎旁脓肿、死骨形成、椎间盘破坏、骨质增生硬化等;MRI检在细菌浸润阶段可发现异常信号。结论MSCT、MRI在检查脊柱结核上各有优势,通过对两种检查所得图像进行分析,对患者内镜手术治疗有较高指导价值。     

Clinical Relevance of Coronary Fractional Flow Reserve: Art-of-state

Objective:

The objective was to delineate the current knowledge of fractional flow reserve (FFR) in terms of definition, features, clinical applications, and pitfalls of measurement of FFR.

Data Sources:

We searched database for primary studies published in English. The database of National Library of Medicine (NLM), MEDLINE, and PubMed up to July 2014 was used to conduct a search using the keyword term “FFR”.

Study Selection:

The articles about the definition, features, clinical application, and pitfalls of measurement of FFR were identified, retrieved, and reviewed.

Results:

Coronary pressure-derived FFR rapidly assesses the hemodynamic significance of individual coronary artery lesions and can readily be performed in the catheterization laboratory. The use of FFR has been shown to effectively guide coronary revascularization procedures leading to improved patient outcomes.

Conclusions:

FFR is a valuable tool to determine the functional significance of coronary stenosis. It combines physiological and anatomical information, and can be followed immediately by percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) if necessary. The technique of FFR measurement can be performed easily, rapidly, and safely in the catheterization laboratory. By systematic use of FFR in dubious stenosis and multi-vessel disease, PCI can be made an even more effective and better treatment than it is currently. The current clinical evidence for FFR should encourage cardiologists to use this tool in the catheterization laboratory.     

Clinical Characteristics,Radiological Features and Gene Mutation in 10 Chinese Families with Spinocerebellar Ataxias

Background:

Spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are a group of neurodegenerative disorders that primarily cause the degeneration in the cerebellum, spinal cord, and brainstem. We study the clinical characteristics, radiological features and gene mutation in Chinese families with SCAs.

Methods:

In this study, we investigated 10 SCAs Chinese families with SCA1, SCA3/Machado–Joseph disease (MJD), SCA7, SCA8. There were 27 people who were genetically diagnosed as SCA, of which 21 people showed clinical symptoms, and 6 people had no clinical phenotype that we called them presymptomatic patients. In addition, 3 people with cerebellar ataxia and cataracts were diagnosed according to the Harding diagnostic criteria but failed to be recognized as SCAs on genetic testing. Clinical characteristic analyses of each type of SCAs and radiological examinations were performed.

Results:

We found that SCA3/MJD was the most common subtype in Han population in China, and the ratio of the pontine tegmentum and the posterior fossa area was negatively correlated with the number of cytosine-adenine-guanine (CAG) repeats; the disease duration was positively correlated with the International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale score; and the CAG repeats number of abnormal alleles was negatively correlated with the age of onset.

Conclusions:

Collectively our study is a systematic research on SCAs in China, which may help for the clinical diagnosis and prenatal screening of this disease, and it may also aid toward better understanding of this disease.     

24例原发浸润性肺真菌感染的CT表现分析

目的 探讨原发浸润性肺真菌感染的CT表现特点.方法 选取2007年12月-2011年6月于医院采用CT进行诊断检查的24例原发浸润性肺真菌感染患者为研究对象,将其不同感染分类的CT表现特点进行统计分析.结果 24例原发浸润性肺真菌感染患者感染病原菌分别为曲霉菌属占41.7％、白色假丝酵母菌占25.0％、放线菌占20.8％等,病灶表型比例由高到低为曲菌球型占41.7％、弥漫型占29.2％、实变型占20.8％及结节型占8.3％,各型CT表现各有特点.结论 原发浸润性肺真菌感染的CT表现有其特有的特点,在疾病诊断中有一定的辅助价值.     

A Supervised Learning Approach for Crohn's Disease Detection Using Higher-Order Image Statistics and a Novel Shape Asymmetry Measure

Increasing incidence of Crohn’s disease (CD) in the Western world has made its accurate diagnosis an important medical challenge. The current reference standard for diagnosis, colonoscopy, is time-consuming and invasive while magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has emerged as the preferred noninvasive procedure over colonoscopy. Current MRI approaches assess rate of contrast enhancement and bowel wall thickness, and rely on extensive manual segmentation for accurate analysis. We propose a supervised learning method for the identification and localization of regions in abdominal magnetic resonance images that have been affected by CD. Low-level features like intensity and texture are used with shape asymmetry information to distinguish between diseased and normal regions. Particular emphasis is laid on a novel entropy-based shape asymmetry method and higher-order statistics like skewness and kurtosis. Multi-scale feature extraction renders the method robust. Experiments on real patient data show that our features achieve a high level of accuracy and perform better than two competing methods.     

品管圈活动在康复期精神病患者特色康复中的应用

目的 探讨品管圈活动在康复期精神病患者特色康复中的应用效果.方法 成立品管圈,确立"提高康复期精神病患者工娱疗参与率"为主题,分析现状,设立目标,针对原因制定改进措施并实施,统计患者在特色康复中工娱疗参与率,评价圈员综合素质和能力,同时采用护士用住院患者观察量表(Nurses'Observation Scale for Inpatient Evaluation,NOSIE)在活动前及活动开展第24周末进行疗效评定.结果 观察组患者工娱疗参与率由活动前68.52%提高到92.59% (P<0.01),完成了既定目标,目标达标率116.49%,圈员整体素质显著提升,两组患者NOSIE各因子分比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 品管圈活动在精神病患者特色康复中的应用,可有效提高工娱疗参与率,极大改善精神病患者的康复技能,有利于更好地恢复社会功能,同时增强了护士参与质量管理的意识和能力.     

非侵袭性真菌性上颌窦炎患者CT影像学与临床特征的关系

目的探讨分析非侵袭性真菌性上颌窦炎患者CT影像学与临床特征的关系。方法选取我院2017年1月-2018年1月收治的55例诊断为非侵袭性真菌性上颌窦炎患者为研究组,另选取同期于我院体检的未患鼻窦炎者50例作为对照组,两组均行CT扫描检查,比较两组鼻腔变异情况、鼻中隔偏曲情况及中鼻甲结构异常情况,观察研究组中合并有鼻息肉、筛窦炎症情况。结果研究组的鼻中隔偏曲、中鼻甲结构异常、钩突肥大、下鼻甲肥大、上颌窦内壁粘膜增厚及骨质改变人数比例显著高于对照组(P<0.05);研究组的高位偏曲检出率(93.75%)显著高于对照组(66.67%)(P<0.05);两组中鼻甲结构异常情况比较具有显著差异(P<0.05),研究组的中鼻甲肥大及泡状中鼻甲人数比例显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论非侵袭性真菌性上颌窦炎具有特异性的CT影像学表现,其对该病的临床特征具有典型的辨别作用,具有明确的诊断价值。