补肾疏肝汤对慢性疲劳综合征大鼠模型抗疲劳作用机制的实验研究

目的研究补肾疏肝汤对慢性疲劳综合征大鼠模型抗疲劳的作用机制。方法将50只SD大鼠按照随机数字表法分为5组,即空白组、模型组及补肾疏肝汤低、中、高剂量组,各组均10只。除空白组外,其余4组大鼠均制备慢性疲劳综合征模型。在造模同时,空白组、模型组均予0.9%氯化钠注射液40 m L/(kg·d)灌胃;补肾疏肝汤低、中、高剂量组分别予补肾疏肝汤40 m L/(kg·d)灌胃,生药含量分别为17.28、34.56、69.12 g/(kg·d),分别相当于人体用量1、2、4倍,均14 d。比较各组大鼠第1 d首次、第14 d末次力竭游泳时间。比较各组大鼠血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)水平,下丘脑5-羟色胺(5-HT)含量,大鼠骨骼肌过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ辅激活因子1α(PGC-1α)、细胞色素氧化酶(COX)含量。结果补肾疏肝汤低、中、高剂量组大鼠第14 d末次力竭游泳时间均较模型组延长(P<0.05),且补肾疏肝汤中剂量组大鼠第14 d末次力竭游泳时间最长(P<0.05)。补肾疏肝汤低剂量组第14 d末次力竭游泳时间较第1 d首次力竭游泳时间缩短(P<0.05);补肾疏肝汤中剂量组第14 d末次力竭游泳时间较第1 d首次力竭游泳时间延长(P<0.05)。模型组大鼠血清SOD水平低于空白组(P<0.05),MDA水平高于空白组(P<0.05)。补肾疏肝汤低、中、高剂量组大鼠血清SOD水平均高于模型组(P<0.05),补肾疏肝汤低、中剂量组血清MDA水平低于模型组(P<0.05)。补肾疏肝汤中剂量组大鼠血清SOD水平高于补肾疏肝汤低、高剂量组(P<0.05),MDA水平低于补肾疏肝汤低、高剂量组(P<0.05)。模型组大鼠下丘脑5-HT含量低于空白组(P<0.05)。补肾疏肝汤中、高剂量组大鼠下丘脑5-HT含量均高于模型组(P<0.05),且补肾疏肝汤中剂量组高于补肾疏肝汤高剂量组(P<0.05)。模型组大鼠骨骼肌PGC-1α、COX含量均低于空白组(P<0.05)。补肾疏肝汤低、中、高剂量组大鼠骨骼肌PGC-1α、COX含量均高于模型组(P<0.05),且补肾疏肝汤中剂量组大鼠骨骼肌PGC-1α、COX水平最高(P<0.05)。结论补肾疏肝汤能增强慢性疲劳综合征大鼠模型抗疲劳作用,补肾疏肝汤中剂量组更明显。     

基于大自然时间轴的测量时序分类法

因果推断中，时序（或方向性）的概念尚未完全明确。本文从因果思维出发，以真实因和真实果的发生时间将大自然时间轴划分为3个时域和2个时点，从而锚定了因果推断只能实现于第3时域。测量时序可分为5种类型：跨第1和3时域纵向时序（实验性时序）、跨第2和3时域纵向时序、同时域纵向时序、同时域逆纵向时序和同时域横向时序（观察性时序）。这种分类法适用于首次或多次测量、及时和延后测量等所有测量策略。除了实验中真实因的测量（或干预措施）在其发生之前（第1时域）或观察和实验中真实因的测量在真实果发生之前（第2时域）的情形外，所有其他测量策略类似于历史重建或"考古"，测量时序的重要性次于测量的准确性。从研究设计应整合偏倚设计的观点来看，本文提出基于大自然时间轴的测量时序五分类法，概念清楚并将有助于判断研究过程中可能出现的偏倚，为正确进行因果推断研究奠定基础。     

针刺辅助治疗难治性肠易激综合征临床试验方案关键点设计的思考＊

肠易激综合征（Irritable bowel syndrome，IBS）是临床常见病、多发病，其治疗方法丰富，但部分患者疗效欠佳，发展成难治性IBS。目前国内外关于针灸治疗难治性IBS的临床随机对照试验尚不多见。本文立足试验方案设计的“PICOS”原则，从研究对象及诊断标准、干预措施、对照措施、结局指标四个方面入手，重点探讨针刺辅助治疗难治性肠易激综合征临床试验设计的关键要点。从选择特色优势病种、明确诊断标准、制定符合临床实际的干预方案、运用符合目标的安慰针刺、结合研究设计和目的选定结局指标几个角度，阐述试验相关环节设计的原因和思考。     

In vivo quantification of 3D displacement in sacral soft tissues under compression: Relevance of 2D US-based measurements for pressure ulcer risk assessment

Objective2D Ultrasound (US) imaging has been recently investigated as a more accessible alternative to 3D Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) for the estimation of soft issue motion under external mechanical loading. In the context of pressure ulcer prevention, the aim of this pilot MRI study was to design an experiment to characterize the sacral soft tissue motion under a controlled mechanical loading. Such an experiment targeted the estimation of the discrepancy between tissue motion assessed using a 2D imaging modality (echography) versus tissue motion assessed using a (reference) 3D imaging modality (MRI).MethodsOne healthy male volunteer participated in the study. An MRI-compatible custom-made setup was designed and used to load the top region of the sacrum with a 3D-printed copy of the US transducer. Five MR images were collected, one in the unloaded and four in the different loaded configurations (400–1200 [g]). Then, a 3D displacement field for each loading configuration was extracted based on the results of digital volume correlation. Tissue motion was separated into the X, Y, Z directions of the MRI coordinate system and the ratios between the out-of-plane and in-plane components were assessed for each voxel of the selected region of interest.ResultsRatios between the out-of-plane and in-plane displacement components were higher than 0.6 for more than half of the voxels in the region of interest for all load cases and higher than 1 for at least quarter of the voxels when loads of 400–800 [g] were used.ConclusionThe out-of-ultrasound-plane tissue displacement was not negligible, therefore 2D US imaging should be used with caution for the evaluation of the tissue motion in the sacrum region. The 3D US modality should be further investigated for this application.     

术前放疗对游离皮瓣影响的实验研究

本实验选用成年新西兰白兔２４只作单侧兔耳术前放疗，剂量分别为７Ｇｙ×４（Ⅰ组）、９Ｇｙ×４（Ⅱ组）及１１Ｇｙ×４（Ⅲ组），放疗后３周行双侧耳背皮瓣游离移植术（左右换位）．术后观察皮瓣的变化及成活情况，并于术后不同时期作光镜及电镜组织学观察，并行血管铸型标本制作及扫描电镜下形态计量分析．结果显示：Ⅰ组的皮瓣成活率为７５％（６／８），Ⅱ组为６２．５％（５／８），Ⅲ组为３７．５％（３／８）．光镜显示成活皮瓣存在上皮、皮肤附件及皮下组织明显萎缩现象，电镜下核固缩、胶原纤维水肿、基底膜不完整等表现可持续至术后１年以后，血管铸型标本中发现Ⅲ组血管密度明显低于Ⅱ组     

结肠CTVE成像的实验研究

目的探讨如何获取良好、准确和实用的结肠CTVE图像。方法利用猪结肠息肉模型,通过选择不同成像参数进行CTVE成像,分析各参数条件下CTVE图像的质量。结果共行10次螺旋CT容积扫描并进行CTVE成像及评分,10次图像总体统计学差别有显著性意义(F值为21.92,P<0.05)。其中:(1)改变层厚(Pitch=1、重叠重建率=50%):层厚为2、3、5、7、10mm时,各CTVE图像差别之间有显著性意义,其中层厚为2、3、5mm分别与层厚为7、10mm比较时,各CTVE图像差别有显著性意义;(2)改变Pitch(层厚2mm、重叠重建率=50%):Pitch分别为2.0、1.5、1.0时,各CTVE图像差别无显著性意义;(3)改变重叠重建率(层厚2mm、Pitch=1):重叠重建率分别为0%、25%、50%、75%时,各CTVE图像之间无显著性意义。结论层厚5mm,螺距2,重叠重建率50%即可获得满意的CTVE重建图像,亦能同时满足临床诊断的要求。     

Teaching and practice of pharmaceutical comprehensive study in China

Pharmaceutical comprehensive study (PCS) is a new system of experimental teaching in China, which integrates multidisciplinary pharmaceutical knowledge and covers the basic process of new drug discovery. To explore the feasibility of this experiment teaching system and mode, we developed PCS as an elective course. The PCS is designed with two sections: pharmaceutical comprehensive design (PCD) and pharmaceutical comprehensive experiment (PCE). The PCD section includes literature review, comprehensive project design and oral examination. PCE can be divided into four parts: synthesis, quantitative determination, pharmacodynamic evaluation, and formulation and quality determination. Course grade was determined by experimental performance, written report, literature review, new project design and oral examination. The learning interest,experimental ability, theoretical level and literature retrieval ability, team spirit and interpersonal skills have been all significantly improved among students taking this course. A survey was administered at the end of the semester to the enrolled students. The responses were reported as percentages, and the feedback was positive. The course was highly recommended by the teaching inspection committee. This new course plays an important role in developing students’ creativity and comprehensive ability. It could help students understand the focus and features of every secondary discipline, as well as establish scientific and reasonable knowledge system. Most students can better understand the processof drug research after this course.     

江陵县血吸虫病防治管理模式初探

该文通过对江陵县2009-2013年血吸虫病防治管理模式的回顾与总结,阐述了江陵县近5年以政策保障为支撑,县乡两级政府落实目标责任、完善监管机制。防治工作以质量控制为根本,采取样本集中检测、开展定期与不定期工作督导,真实掌握全县疫情。江陵县创造性地开展血吸虫病防治工作,提出"二个围绕,三个同步"工作原则,充分发挥网络平台作用,提高群众血防意识。该文将江陵县达到传播控制目标后,对今后血吸虫病防治迈向传播阻断进行了展望,提出建立高效敏感的监测体系及监测管理模式。     

项目教学在组织胚胎学实验教学中的实践与探索

依据学生的认知学习发展过程,开展组织胚胎学实验课程的针对性的项目教学,有效地培养学生的团队协作能力、独立工作能力、学习和创新能力。项目教学真正做到医与学结合,同时对专科学生有针对性,对提高学生实验操作水平有重要意义。     

Validation of a numerical FSI simulation of an aortic BMHV by in vitro PIV experiments

In this paper, a validation of a recently developed fluid–structure interaction (FSI) coupling algorithm to simulate numerically the dynamics of an aortic bileaflet mechanical heart valve (BMHV) is performed. This validation is done by comparing the numerical simulation results with in vitro experiments. For the in vitro experiments, the leaflet kinematics and flow fields are obtained via the particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique. Subsequently, the same case is numerically simulated by the coupling algorithm and the resulting leaflet kinematics and flow fields are obtained. Finally, the results are compared, revealing great similarity in leaflet motion and flow fields between the numerical simulation and the experimental test. Therefore, it is concluded that the developed algorithm is able to capture very accurately all the major leaflet kinematics and dynamics and can be used to study and optimize the design of BMHVs.