A qualitative study: The promotion of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) by integrated service post (ISP) cadres in suburban city

Objective

This study aims to explore EBF promotion activities that have been carried out by ISP cadres during this time in the work area of the CHC in Rumbai Pesisir Pekanbaru Riau.

论中成药大品种与中医理论创新

中成药大品种具有临床价值大、科学价值强、市场价值高的基本特征,中成药大品种不仅是中药产业发展的核心引擎,也是中医药学术发展的重要内容,事关中医药事业与产业,意义重大。本文以中医理论创新与中药大品种为切入,在回顾中医理论创新研究方法与模式的基础上,强调有效方药的创制是理论创新研究成果的集中体现,并以风咳理论与苏黄止咳胶囊、络病理论与通心络胶囊为例予以说明。提出以中成药大品种为载体,实现中医理论创新研究的思路与策略,即在梳理和分析中成药大品种组方规律与功能主治的基础上,深度挖掘其蕴含的理论内涵,不仅强调普遍的理论认识,更应关注应用独特的药物及其配伍;不仅仅满足揭示中药作用的现代科学内涵,更应通过中成药大品种作用机制研究,探索未知或可能的新靶点、新通路和新机制,从而促进科学发现,引领医学研究方向。     

Infant and young child feeding practices amongst children referred to the paediatric outpatient department

Background

Worldwide, sub-optimal breastfeeding still accounts for deaths of 1.4 million children aged less than five years. Optimal infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices have been recognised as the most important intervention for improving child survival and development. Causal association has been found between exclusive breastfeeding with infection-specific infant morbidity and mortality.

Methods

A cross sectional study was undertaken to assess the IYCF practices among 100 caregivers of children aged less than five years, using a semi-structured questionnaire, attending the Paediatric OPD.

Results

Children from higher income groups were not given colostrum at birth. 57% mothers started breastfeeding within an hour and 88% of the mothers admitted to have given prelacteal feed. Healthy complementary food was found to be given by most of the mothers. Prevalence of infections was found to be higher (p < 0.05) in children whose birth weight < 2.5 kg and in bottle fed children.

Conclusion

Traditional beliefs and practices, besides lack of knowledge regarding current feeding recommendations, were found to have played an important role in the feeding practices. Creating an enabling environment for comprehensive nutrition education of mothers by health care providers is required.     

全肠内营养对儿童克罗恩病诱导缓解疗效研究北大核心CSCD

目的观察全肠内营养(exclusive enteral nutrition,EEN)对克罗恩病(Crohn’s disease,CD)患儿诱导缓解的疗效。方法回顾性收集2013年3月至2021年8月在浙江大学医学院附属儿童医院接受EEN治疗的62例CD患儿的临床资料,包括一般资料,治疗前及治疗8周后患儿的身高、体重、儿童CD活动指数、CD内镜严重程度指数、C反应蛋白水平、红细胞沉降率、血清白蛋白水平。比较治疗前后上述指标的变化。结果62例患儿中,男39例(63%),女23例(37%),确诊年龄(11.9±3.0)岁。55例完成至少8周EEN治疗的患儿中,87%(48/55)的患儿在治疗第8周获得临床缓解。第8周儿童CD活动指数显著低于治疗前(P<0.001)。除去17例单纯累及小肠患儿及3例未行结肠镜复查的累及结肠患儿,剩余35例累及结肠患儿在8周EEN治疗后进行了结肠镜复查,83%(29/35)的患儿达到黏膜愈合。在第8周达到临床缓解的48例患儿中,年龄别身高Z评分及年龄别体重指数Z评分较治疗前均显著改善(P<0.01)。在第8周未达到临床缓解的7例患儿中,年龄别身高Z评分和年龄别体重指数Z评分与治疗前比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论8周EEN治疗对儿童CD的诱导缓解及黏膜愈合的疗效良好。对于成功诱导缓解的CD患儿,EEN可改善其身高和体重指数。     

关爱先行 创新突破——访GE医疗集团生命科学事业部大中华区总经理李庆

<正>GE医疗集团自1979年起在中国开展业务,通过提供革新性的医疗技术和服务,开创了医疗服务的新时代。GE医疗集团在医学成像、信息技术、医疗诊断、患者监护系统、药物研发、生物制药技术、卓越运营和整体运营解决方案等领域拥有广泛的专业技术,能够帮助客户以更低的成本为全世界更多的人提供更优质的服务。如今,中国的生物医药市场正在蓬勃发展,以每年20%以上的速度在增长;另一方面,随着医保的全面     

Prevalencia y factores asociados con la duración de la lactancia materna exclusiva durante los 6 primeros meses en la cohorte INMA de Guipúzcoa

ObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding (EB) during the first 6 months of life in the Gipuzkoa birth cohort, identify the reasons for abandonment of EB, and establish the associated factors.MethodsThe study population consisted of 638 pregnant women from the INMA-Gipuzkoa (Infancia y Medio Ambiente, www.proyectoinma.org) birth cohort, who were followed up from the third trimester of pregnancy until the child was aged 14 months. To determine the factors related to abandonment of EB, logistic regression models were used in two different stages (4 months or early stage and 6 months or late stage).ResultsThe prevalence of EB within the Gipuzkoa cohort was 84.8% after hospital discharge, 53.7% at 4 months of life and 15.4% at 6 months of life. The reasons given by the mothers for early EB cessation were: breastfeeding problems, low weight gain and hypogalactia. Other factors influencing the early phase were the intention to provide EB, parity, area of residence and social class. Abandonment in the late stage was influenced by the length of maternity leave.ConclusionsFrom a public health perspective, the results of this study could help health professionals to develop strategies to support breastfeeding mothers, taking into account the main reasons for early and late abandonment.     

经典名方中玄参的本草考证

通过查阅历代本草、医籍、方书及近现代文献资料，对经典名方中所用饴糖的名称、品种、原料及制作工艺进行了考证，为含有饴糖的经典名方开发利用提供依据。经考证可知，饴糖之名历代多源于其形态、质地、制法、原料及产地。古代所用饴糖根据质地不同，主要分为软、硬两类，湿软如蜜者称为“饴”或“胶饴”，质硬色白的则称为“饧”“糖”，现代则多称为麦芽糖，入药仅用胶饴，饧则多作食用；历代药用胶饴推崇糯米（来源于Oryza sativa var. glutinosa）为原料，以大麦Hordeum vulgare制蘖，经过发酵、煎煮、浓缩制备而成，而粟米（来源于Setaria italica var. germanica）、黍Panicum miliaceum等其他谷物为原料制成的饴糖品质次之。2020年版《中华人民共和国药典》未收录饴糖，收载了药用辅料麦芽糖，为纯度较高的结晶粉；但国家食品标准与地方炮制规范中收录了饴糖。基于考证结果，建议经典名方开发中所用胶饴可参考GB/T 20883—2017中的麦芽糖浆，并明确以糯米、大麦为原料。     

广东地产毒性中药材常用品种的分析及中毒预防

目的分析广东地产毒性中药材常用品种,研究预防中毒的措施,从而为临床救治提供理论依据。方法归纳及分析常用的广东地产毒性中药材的功效、中毒症状、毒性及预防方法。结果广东地产毒性中药以引起人体皮肤损伤、破坏血液循环、神经中枢损伤为主。广东地产毒性中药材主要具有清热解毒、消肿止痛等功效(即抗菌、抗病毒、抗癌),多用于治疗脊髓型颈椎病、腰椎间盘疾病、癌痛,促使白血病、前列腺癌等肿瘤细胞凋亡。结论对广东地产中毒性中药材药性研究进行更系统的分析,可促使中药材药用功能更加明确,利于临床医务人员了解中毒表现症状及相关作用。     

傅里叶红外光谱法鉴别巴戟天及其伪品的研究

目的:为了快速准确地鉴别巴戟天及其伪品。方法:采用傅里叶红外光谱法对巴戟天药材及其常见伪品羊角藤、铁箍散、假巴戟和恩施巴戟进行测定,通过比较一、二级红外谱图相似度和特定谱段相似系数对其真伪进行分析。结果:在一、二级红外谱图上均可根据特征峰比对分析法和特征谱段相似系数法快速鉴别巴戟天及其伪品。结论:红外光谱法用于巴戟天药材真伪鉴别准确、快速,可以作为巴戟天药材真伪鉴别的一种现代化检测方式。