重楼多指标UPLC定量分析及其化学品质综合评价

目的探讨10种重楼药材中7种有效成分含量,并进行化学成分整合评控,为其资源评价提供了科学依据。方法收集不同产地55批重楼药材,采用UPLC法测定重楼皂苷Ⅰ、重楼皂苷Ⅱ、重楼皂苷Ⅵ、重楼皂苷Ⅶ、薯蓣皂苷、重楼皂苷H、纤细薯蓣皂苷的含量,进一步采用TOPSIS数学模型对含量结果进行归一化与多指标数据集成化,获得重楼中7种指标的化学品质综合指数。结果 10种重楼药材的综合评价排名由高到低依次为长柱重楼(Ci=0.275 5)多叶重楼(Ci=0.273 2)大理重楼(Ci=0.269 8)滇重楼(Ci=0.244 5)南重楼(Ci=0.234 5)狭叶重楼(Ci=0.159 1)黑籽重楼(Ci=0.141 6)矮重楼(Ci=0.117 8)七叶一枝花(Ci=0.115 1)毛重楼(Ci=0.114 9),表明不同种重楼化学综合质量差异较大,其长柱重楼、多叶重楼和大理重楼的化学综合质量优于滇重楼,南重楼与滇重楼的结果较为接近,可作为滇重楼资源扩充的优势品种。结论通过TOPSIS整合评控对重楼类中药材的质量评价有一定的参考依据。     

2011—2020年贵州省黔南州肺外结核流行病学特征分析

目的 了解黔南州2011—2020年肺外结核流行特征，为制定防控措施提供依据。方法 收集结核病管理信息系统登记的黔南州2011— 2020年肺外结核病例资料，采用描述流行病学方法进行分析。结果 2011—2020年黔南州肺外结核发病9 397例，年均报告发病率为28.12/10万，占全人群结核病的平均比例为19.12%（9 397/49 138），其发病率呈缓慢上升趋势；男性5 037例，占53.60%（5 037/9 397）；女性4 360例，占46.40%（4 360/9 397）。男女比例为1.16:1；全年均有病例，主要集中在第一季度和第二季度；黔南州12县（市）肺外结核患者发病数前三位分别是三都县12.60%（1 184/9 397）、罗甸县10.57%（993/9 397）和长顺县10.38%（975/9 397）。按民族分析，肺外结核中病例数前三位分别是苗族25.28%（2 376/9 397）、布依族21.68%（2 037/9 397）和水族15.56%（1 462/9 397）；10年间发病农民病例数占总发病数的63.50 %（5 967/9 397）；总体发病年龄46～60岁发病数最多。男性16～30岁和46～60岁发病数较多，呈“M”型双波峰形。女性发病数集中在31～60岁呈单波形；肺外结核以结核性淋巴腺炎最多，占全部肺外结核20.77%（1 952/9 397），其次是泌尿生殖系统结核病17.41%（1 636/9 397）和骨关节结核病13.86%（1 302/ 9 397）；发现方式以因有症状就诊和转诊为主，占83.25%（7 823/9 397）；肺外结核初治成功率96.92%（9 108/9 397），复治成功率73.36%（212/289）。结论 2011—2020年黔南州肺外结核病呈缓慢上升趋势，男性、农民、布依族、年龄46～60岁是肺外结核防治的重点人群。     

云南省中医药民族民间经验方、经典名方的开发思路

云南中医民族药源远流长,造就了大量民族民间经验方和经典名方,在临床医疗和相关科研工作中有不可或缺的作用。通过对云南省的民族民间经验方、经典名方的整理情况,发展现状及存在的问题,二次开发研究情况分析,得到云南中医药民族民间经验方、经典名方启示开发思路。制约民族民间经验方、经典名方的主要问题为:资料收集整理不齐,临床应用缺乏相应的质量考评标准和系统的安全性总结;现行法律法规对民族民间经验方、经典方有效性及合法产权界定尚不完善;二次开发利用不创新等。对流落民间,口耳相传但尚未被整理在册的药方应该及时保存记录,妥善保护,建立安全性,有效性评价标准;建立云南民族医药数据库,完善民族医药保护制度;对现有民族民间经验方、经典名方进行创新及二次开发。     

Radiographic assessment of clinical root-crown ratios of permanent teeth in a healthy Korean population

PURPOSE

The aim of this study was to determine the absolute value of the root/crown ratio (R/C ratio) using panoramic radiographs (PRGs) in a healthy Korean population.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

In total, 99 patient radiographs (of 50 males and 49 females subjects; aged 16 to 24 years old) were examined, and 2,770 teeth were analyzed. Crown lengths and root lengths were measured with modified Lind''s measurements using PACS tools by two examiners in two separate sessions two months apart. All data were analyzed using SPSS. The independent t-test was used to assess for gender differences, and the paired t-test was used to compare both arches with a significance level of P<.05.

RESULTS

The mean R/C ratios varied from 1.29 to 1.89 (male: 1.28-1.84; females: 1.31-1.94). The highest R/C ratios were recorded for the mandibular canines (1.89), followed by the maxillary canines (1.79). The lowest R/C ratios were recorded for the maxillary second molars (1.31). In comparison with the maxillary teeth (1.29-1.78), the mandibular teeth yielded the higher R/C ratio (1.47-1.89), and this difference was significant in the females (P<.05). The difference between the genders was not statistically significant, except for the maxillary central incisors, mandibular canines and mandibular first premolars.

CONCLUSION

These data may enhance the understanding of the clinical R/C ratio as a useful guideline for determining the status of teeth and the ethnic difference.     

New Insights on the Risk for Cardiovascular Disease in African Americans: The Role of Added Sugars

African Americans are at increased risk for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, including obesity, high BP, diabetes, CKD, myocardial infarction, and stroke. Here we summarize the current risks and provide an overview of the underlying risk factors that may account for these associations. By reviewing the relationship between cardiovascular and renal diseases and the African-American population during the early 20th century, the historic and recent associations of African heritage with cardiovascular disease, and modern population genetics, it is possible to assemble strong hypotheses for the primary underlying mechanisms driving the increased frequency of disease in African Americans. Our studies suggest that underlying genetic mechanisms may be responsible for the increased frequency of high BP and kidney disease in African Americans, with particular emphasis on the role of APOL1 polymorphisms in causing kidney disease. In contrast, the Western diet, particularly the relatively high intake of fructose-containing sugars and sweetened beverages, appears to be the dominant force driving the increased risk of diabetes, obesity, and downstream complications. Given that intake of added sugars is a remediable risk factor, we recommend clinical trials to examine the reduction of sweetened beverages as a primary means for reducing cardiovascular risk in African Americans.     

Psychological distress in ethnic minority parents of preschool children with burns

BackgroundLiterature indicates that children from ethnic minorities are at increased risk of sustaining burns. Moreover, parents may experience more psychological distress but why this is the case is poorly investigated.MethodsA prospective study including 120 mothers and 106 fathers of preschool children, of which 23 mothers and 24 fathers had an ethnic minority background, investigated levels of parental feelings of guilt, depressive and posttraumatic stress symptoms and compared Dutch parents with parents from different ethnic backgrounds on these outcomes. A qualitative study with 46 parents, 24 Dutch and 22 from different ethnic minority backgrounds, explored how they coped with the consequences of the burns.ResultsResults revealed more symptoms of posttraumatic stress and depression in ethnic minority parents. Ethnic minority fathers also had more guilt feelings. Lower social support, medical communication hampered by language barriers, lower health literacy and passive communication styles, (aspects of) religious coping and barriers to psychosocial care may partly explain the differences.ConclusionsParents with an ethnic minority background are at risk to experience increased distress after their child’s burn injury. By exploring the aforementioned factors, health care professionals may increase the family’s wellbeing. It may provide a starting point to offer tailored help.