农村老年人老化期望现状及影响因素研究

目的 了解农村老年人的老化期望现状，分析其影响因素，为针对干预提供参考。 方法 采用一般资料调查表、UCLA孤独感量表简化版、老化期望量表、简版自我感知老化量表对199名农村老年人进行问卷调查。 结果 老化期望总分为32.72±9.18，孤独感得分为15.11±3.82，自我感知老化得分为52.75±2.76；多元线性回归分析显示，性别、婚姻状况、患慢性病种数、独居、孤独感、自我感知老化及经济来源是农村老年人老化期望的影响因素（调整R2=0.612，均P＜0.05）。 结论 农村老年人的老化期望水平较低，女性、孤独、无配偶、患慢性病较多、老化态度消极及低收入人群是关注的重点。     

Do social support and community engagement act as mechanisms in the association between neighbourhood income inequality and the mental health of mothers in Calgary,Canada? A mediation analysis

PurposeAccording to the social determinants of health framework, income inequality is a potential risk factor for adverse mental health. However, few studies have explored the mechanisms suspected to mediate this relationship. The current study addresses this gap through a mediation analysis to determine if social support and community engagement act as mediators linking neighbourhood income inequality to maternal anxiety and depressive symptoms within a cohort of new mothers living in the City of Calgary, Canada.MethodsData collected at three years postpartum from mothers belonging to the All Our Families (AOF) cohort were used in the current study. Maternal data were collected between 2012 and 2015 and linked to neighbourhood socioeconomic data from the 2006 Canadian Census. Income inequality was measured using Gini coefficients derived from 2006 after-tax census data. Generalized structural equation models were used to quantify the associations between income inequality and mental health symptoms, and to assess the potential direct and indirect mediating effects of maternal social support and community engagement.ResultsIncome inequality was not significantly associated with higher depressive symptoms (β = 0.32, 95%CI = −0.067, 0.70), anxiety symptoms (β = 0.11, 95%CI = −0.39, 0.60), or lower social support. Income inequality was not associated with community engagement. For the depression models, higher social support was significantly associated with lower depressive symptoms (β = −0.13, 95%CI = −0.15, −0.097), while community engagement was not significantly associated with depressive symptoms (β = 0.059, 95%CI = −0.15, 0.27). Similarly, for the anxiety models, lower anxiety symptoms were significantly associated with higher levels of social support (β = −0.17, 95%CI = −0.20, −0.13) but not with higher levels of community engagement (β = 0.14, 95%CI = −0.14, 0.41).ConclusionThe current study did not find clear evidence for social support or community engagement mediating the relationship between neighbourhood income inequality and maternal mental health. Future investigations should employ a broader longitudinal approach to capture changes in income inequality, potential mediators, and mental health symptomatology over time.     

2016—2021年灌云县手足口病流行病学特征分析

目的 分析灌云县2016—2021年手足口病流行特征,为手足口病的防控提供参考依据。方法 采用描述性统计方法,分析灌云县手足口病的流行特征以及病原学变化等。结果 2016 —2021年灌云县手足口病 4 205例,呈现出“隔年高发”特征,年平均发病率为67.50/10万;4 —6月和10 —12月为高发期;男性占比明显高于女性;0～4岁散居儿童居多;伊山镇、侍庄街道和东王集镇发病率位居前三。2016 —2017年确诊患儿病原以EV71为主,2018—2021年以Cox A6为主。8例重症病例集中在1～5岁,确诊的重症患者以EV71感染为主。结论 灌云县手足口病疫情具有“隔年高发”和季节性“双峰流行”特征,以0～4岁散居儿童为高发人群和灌云县县城及周边镇(街)为高发区域。EV71灭活疫苗接种能有效预防EV71病毒引发的手足口病。     

Impact des facteurs psychosociaux sur la santé mentale du personnel de nettoyage

Purpose

To describe the relationship between psychosocial factors and mental health among housekeepers.

Relationship between rosacea and dietary factors: A multicenter retrospective case–control survey

Although patients with rosacea often consult dermatologists for dietary factors that might be related to their skin disorders, few studies have been conducted to research the relationship between rosacea and dietary factors. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential relationship between rosacea and diet among the large Chinese population with rosacea, which would provide dietary guidelines for patients with rosacea. A multicenter case–control study was conducted. The feeding frequency 2 years before the occurrence of rosacea was collected by standardized questionnaires. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to calculate risks related to the diet. One thousand three hundred and forty‐seven patients with rosacea and 1290 controls were enrolled in our study. We found that high‐frequency intake of fatty food and tea presented a positive correlation with rosacea, while high‐frequency dairy product intake showed significant negative correlation with rosacea. Sweet food, coffee and spicy food appeared to be independent of any subset of rosacea in our study. However, high‐frequency dairy product intake showed a borderline beneficial effect on rosacea severity. We further analyzed the correlation between diet and the subtype of rosacea. We found that high‐frequency fatty intake was associated with erythematotelangiectatic rosacea (ETR) and phymatous rosacea, while high‐frequency tea intake was only associated with ETR. In addition, high‐frequency dairy product intake showed negative correlations with ETR and papulopustular rosacea. Rosacea is associated with some dietary factors, and our study is valuable in establishing dietary guidelines to prevent and improve rosacea.     

深圳市龙华区居民代谢性综合征流行状况及相关因素分析

目的 了解深圳市龙华区代谢综合征发病情况及相关因素。方法 采取横断面研究，经过多阶段随机抽样，最终确定1 015名调查对象。调查内容包括问卷调查、身体测量和实验室检测。结果 龙华区代谢综合征的患病率为15.57%， 11种组分组合中，有4个组分组合的比例为28.49%，有5个组分组合的比例为5.06%。膳食调查中，水果分别在代谢综合征和非代谢综合征被调查者中的摄入有统计学差异（Z = - 2.47, P = 0.0135）。logistic回归分析结果显示在控制了年龄、性别、婚姻和户籍所在地后，不吸烟者与吸烟≥20支/天者相比，患代谢综合征的可能性可降低58%。性别分别与年龄和BMI的交互效应结果显示，女性在55～65岁，或女性肥胖，患代谢综合征的可能性分别是男性的40.56倍和32.82倍。结论 龙华区代谢性综合征患病情况不容乐观，因代谢性综合征诱导的心血管疾病风险较大，应针对其风险因素采取措施，以控制代谢性综合征的发生，并控制其进行性发展。     

鞍山市学生常见病调查及相关因素分析

目的 调查鞍山市学生常见病情况,并对其相关因素进行分析。方法 2018年9～11月选择鞍山市1个城区和1个县(铁东区和千山区),共监测13所学校,其中城区8所学校,县5所学校,其中包含小学到大学,调查学生常见病发生情况,分析不同年级、性别、地区学生常见病差异性。结果 鞍山市学生视力不良检出率最高,占53.77%,其次为恒牙龋齿,占21.11%;随着年级的增长视力不良检出率呈现出升高趋势(P0.05);与城区相比,县级学校视力不良、恒牙龋齿检出率明显偏高,且女性高于男性,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);随着年级增长,营养不良检出率逐渐降低(P0.05)。结论 鞍山市学生健康状况不容乐观,其中视力不良、龋齿以及营养不良等成为影响学生健康的主要卫生问题,应给予高度重视。     

江苏省13家医院新生儿严重高胆红素血症现状调查

目的 了解江苏省新生儿严重高胆红素血症的发生情况及诊治、随访等管理情况，为新生儿严重高胆红素血症的预防及规范化管理提供依据。方法 以2018年1~12月江苏省13家医院收治的严重高胆红素血症新生儿为研究对象，回顾性分析患儿的临床资料及随访资料。结果 江苏省13家医院2018年严重高胆红素血症新生儿病例共上报740例，占新生儿科收治病例总数的2.70%（740/27 386），其中重度高胆红素血症620例（83.8%），极重度高胆红素血症106例（14.3%），危险性高胆红血症14例（1.9%）；诊断为急性胆红素脑病共4例（0.5%）。484例（65.4%）新生儿于分娩机构出院后因严重高胆红素血症返回医院住院治疗，中位入院日龄为7 d，其中214例（44.2%）再入院前进行过门诊黄疸随访，第1次门诊中位随访日龄为6 d。住院期间行头颅MRI检查211例（28.5%），其中85例（40.3%）提示双侧基底节、苍白球T1WI信号偏高；行脑干听觉诱发电位检查238例（32.2%），其中14例（5.9%）仅一侧通过，7例（2.9%）双侧均未通过。急性胆红素脑病或危险性高胆红素血症患儿（共17例）进行了随访，除1例失访外，均无异常神经系统症状。结论 新生儿严重高胆红素血症在新生儿科住院病人中的占比较高；新生儿从分娩机构出院后黄疸监测及管理需要加强；对并发了严重高胆红素血症的患儿，住院期间相关检查需更完善，出院后均需全面系统地随访。     

2012-2017年南京市肺结核流行特征分析

目的 分析2012-2017年间南京市肺结核病流行病学特征，为制定结核病防治策略及医疗服务资源的分布与优化提供科学依据。方法 利用2012到2017年间全国结核病管理信息系统报告的南京市肺结核发病信息，采用描述性流行病学、季节指数法对肺结核时空流行病学特征进行分析。结果 时间分布上，南京市肺结核报告发病率季节性变化不明显，年报告发病率及病例数总体呈下降趋势，年均下降率为1.05/10万。地区分布上，根据充计，肺结核病例报告多集中在经济发达的中心城区，但年报告肺结核发病率最高为经济发展较为落后的高淳区，约为67.44/10万人。人群分布上，流动人口的报告发病率（59.72/10万人）明显高于本地人口（25.72/10万人）；各年龄段均有疫情报告，60岁以上老年组报告发病率最高，约为69.34/10万人；农民和离退休人员位居肺结核病患者职业分布的前两位，分别占总报告发病数的24.09%和16.53%；男性患者报告发病率约为女性患者的2.19倍。结论 南京市肺结核疫情无明显的季节性变化，年报告发病率整体呈下降趋势，患者男性为多，农民和老年人是结核病防治工作的重点，经济发达的中心城区为结核病高负担聚集区，经济相对落后的高淳区为结核病高风险传播聚集区。