运动模式对变应性鼻炎影响的研究进展

变应性鼻炎（AR）对患者生活质量造成影响，干扰正常的工作、学习并加重经济负担，目前已成为全球性健康问题。目前认为AR是基因与环境相互作用的结果，由于运动所处的环境及运动模式的不同，对AR产生的影响也不同。耐力型室外陆地运动可增加人群AR的患病率，而游泳和室内陆地运动并不会增加人群AR的患病率，此外，耐力型室外陆地运动、速度与力量型室外陆地运动和冷空气环境中运动明确会加重AR患者的症状。而国内AR指南并未给出明确的运动指导。本文旨在介绍不同运动模式对AR症状及患病率的影响及其作用机制，进而对AR患者及健康人群提供运动指导。     

A phase II,single-center,randomized, double-blind,parallel control clinical study evaluating the immunogenicity and safety of a two-dose schedule of serogroups ACYW meningococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine

BackgroundThis was a single-center, randomized, double-blind, parallel control study evaluating the immunogenicity and safety of a two-dose schedule of serogroups ACYW meningococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine with tetanus toxoid (TT) conjugate protein, in infants and toddlers of 3–35 months old.Method720 participants were stratified according to the age of 3–5 months old, 6–11 months old, and 12–35 months old and randomly assigned with an equal ratio to two different dose groups, i.e., 40- and 20-μg doses. Blood samples were taken from all participants before the first vaccination and 30 days after the full-course vaccination to detect the serogroups ACYW meningococcal antibodies. All adverse events occurred within 30 days after vaccination of each dose, and serious adverse events occurred within six months after full-course vaccination were collected for safety evaluation. This study was registered at the China drug trial registration with the identifier CTR 20182031.ResultsAfter 30 days of full-course vaccination, 92.78 % (95 % CI: 85.70 %-100.00 %) showed the immune response against all serogroups in both high-dose and low-dose groups by rabbit serum bactericidal antibody assay (rSBA) and the geometric mean titer (GMT) of all serogroups showed a high level (74.6–505.8, 95 % CI: 56.4–615.7). However, no significant difference between different dose groups was observed (P > 0.05). The common local and systemic adverse events in both groups were redness (3 %-7%), and fever (26 %-65 %), respectively. In addition, the grade 3 adverse event related to the vaccine was fever (1.67 %-12.50 %). No serious adverse event was reported to be associate with the vaccination.ConclusionThe serogroups ACYW meningococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine was safe and effective in the population aged 3–35 months. The vaccine efficacy and safety of the 20-μg dose group were not less than that of the 40-μg dose group.     

1972—2016年江苏省启东市胃癌死亡流行特征分析

目的分析江苏省启东市1972—2016年胃癌死亡流行特征。方法收集启东市1972—2016年恶性肿瘤死亡登记数据库及历年人口资料, 计算死亡率、中国人口标化率(中标率)、世界人口标化率(世标率)、35～64岁截缩率、0～74岁累积死亡率、累积死亡风险、变化百分比、死亡率年均变化百分比。结果 1972—2016年启东市胃癌死亡例数为15 863例, 占全部恶性肿瘤死亡例数的16.04%, 胃癌死亡率为31.37/10万, 中标率为12.97/10万, 世标率为21.39/10万, 35～64岁截缩死亡率为28.86/10万, 0～74岁累积死亡率为2.54%, 胃癌死亡累积风险为2.51%。男性死亡10 114例, 男性死亡率、中标率、世标率分别为40.53/10万、17.98/10万和30.13/10万;女性死亡5 749例, 女性死亡率、中标率、世标率分别为22.45/10万、8.52/10万和13.92/10万。25岁以下各年龄组的死亡率<1/10万, 死亡率随年龄的增长而升高, 50～岁组达到并超过人群的平均死亡率水平, 80～岁组达到死亡高峰。1972—2016年间胃癌死...     

Telangiectasia macularis eruptiva perstans: diagnóstico dermatoscópico

IntroductionTelangiectasia macularis eruptiva perstans (TMEP) is a rare cutaneous mastocytosis, characterised by erythematous and/or brown macula in which telangiectasia are identified. The diagnosis is based on the clinical state of the lesions and on histopathology; however dermoscopy is an important diagnostic tool, revealing a very characteristic reticular vascular pattern.MethodologyA clinical examination, dermatoscopy, photographic follow-up, and histological study were performed on 5 patients with erythematous brown spots on the neck and V of the neckline, and were seen in this Centre between 2008 and 2018. A polarised light dermatoscope was used on lesion and the skin around it. All patients had a 4 mm punch biopsy of the affected skin, and the slices were stained with haematoxylin-eosin and Giemsa.ResultsThe dermatoscopy of the 5 patients showed a retiform vascular pattern with surrounding and crossing yellow spots corresponding to the follicular sebaceous glands, with few hairs. The skin around the lesion did not show any of these changes. In all patients, biopsy with haematoxylin-eosin corroborated the diagnosis of mastocytosis type TMEP. The location of the disease in the 5 patients was in the neck and V of the neckline.ConclusionsDermatoscopy helps in the diagnosis of TMEP by demonstrating that the retiform telangiectatic vascular pattern is a constant finding in all affected patients, and this is supported by the dermoscopic-histological findings. It also makes it possible to differentiate with other erythematous skin disease, and with other disorders that dermatoscopically exhibit retiform patterns.     

出生缺陷监测进展

利用科学、合理的监测手段对出生缺陷进行长期、持续的动态观察,有助于及时获悉缺陷发病率和疾病顺位的变化趋势,分析原因,为制定出生缺陷防控策略措施提供科学依据。本文综述了国内外出生缺陷的监测模式、监测病种和监测期限的工作进展。     

Participation profiles in domestic life and peer relations as experienced by adolescents with and without impairments and long-term health conditions

Purpose: To investigate how individual and environmental factors relate to self-reported participation profiles in adolescents with and without impairments or long-term health conditions. Methods: A person-oriented approach (hierarchical cluster analysis) was used to identify cluster groups of individuals sharing participation patterns in the outcome variables frequency perceived importance in domestic life and peer relations. Cluster groups were compared using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: A nine-cluster solution was chosen. All clusters included adolescents with impairment and long-term health conditions. Perceived importance of peer relations was more important than frequent attendance in domestic-life activities. Frequency of participation in dialogues and family interaction patterns seemed to affect the participation profiles more than factors related to body functions. Conclusion: Type of impairment or long-term health condition is a weaker determinant of membership in clusters depicting frequency and perceived importance in domestic life or peer relations than dialogue and family environment.     

Innate immune recognition and modulation in hepatitis D virus infection

Hepatitis D virus(HDV) is a global health threat with more than 15 million humans affected. Current treatment options are largely unsatisfactory leaving chronically infected humans at high risk to develop liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. HDV is the only human satellite virus known. It encodes only two proteins, and requires Hepatitis B virus(HBV) envelope protein expression for productive virion release and spread of the infection. How HDV could evolve and why HBV was selected as a helper virus remains unknown. Since the discovery of Na+-taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide as the essential uptake receptor for HBV and HDV, we are beginning to understand the interactions of HDV and the immune system. While HBV is mostly regarded a stealth virus, that escapes innate immune recognition, HBV-HDV coinfection is characterized by a strong innate immune response. Cytoplasmic RNA sensor melanoma differentiation antigen 5 has been reported to recognize HDV RNA replication and activate innate immunity. Innate immunity, however, seems not to impair HDV replication while it inhibits HBV. In this review, we describe what is known up-to-date about the interplay between HBV as a helper and HDV's immune evasion strategy and identify where additional research is required.