情绪释放技术对乳腺癌术后化疗患者预期性悲伤的影响

目的 探讨情绪释放技术对改善乳腺癌术后化疗患者预期性悲伤的效果。方法 采用便利抽样法选取乳腺癌术后化疗患者60例为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将其分为对照组和干预组,各30例。对照组给予常规护理,干预组在对照组的基础上实施情绪释放干预疗法。比较干预前后2组心理痛苦程度和预期性悲伤得分水平。结果 干预后,干预组心理痛苦程度低于对照组(t=-17.930,P＜0.001);预期性悲伤总分及各维度得分均低于对照组(P＜0.001)。结论 对乳腺癌术后化疗患者应用情绪释放技术进行护理干预,可以减轻患者心理痛苦程度,降低患者预期性悲伤,值得临床推广应用。     

《黄帝内经》修辞英译之“情理交融”

《黄帝内经》(以下简称《内经》)是我国现存较早的一部重要医学文献,其语言深奥典雅,风格隽秀,是中医古籍中运用修辞的典范。其修辞现象既是文字运用的一大特色,又是翻译的难点所在。故基于比喻、摹声、讳饰、谐韵等辞格角度,探讨如何依据题旨情境,在英译中实现本体与喻体、声象与物象、词形与韵律的有机结合,从而一方面清楚表达语义和逻辑关系,创建合理的结构形态和组织形式,另一方面又能充分展示中医内涵与文化意蕴,在译语中构建出鲜明的民族文化和情感意境,实现“形与意”“情与理”的符号转换,具有良好的学理价值与实践意义。     

Recall of emotional and neutral words and paragraphs in traumatic brain injury

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) results in verbal recall deficits and impaired processing of emotion encoded in facial appearance, prosody and the linguistic content of messages. Emotion facilitates memory (emotional memory advantage) for non-brain injured (NBI) individuals but the impact of emotion on verbal recall for linguistically encoded stimuli in TBI has not been explored.

Aims: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of stimulus emotional content on verbal recall of words and paragraphs in TBI compared to NBI individuals.

Methods and procedures: Six 10-item lists, each with five emotional and five neutral words, and six paragraphs (three emotional, three neutral) were counterbalanced and presented in random order to 20 individuals with TBI and 44 NBI. The number of words from lists and the number of content units from paragraphs were compared for the two groups.

Outcomes and results: The NBI participants recalled more words from the lists and content units from the paragraphs than the individuals with TBI. Both groups recalled significantly more emotional than neutral words. NBI but not TBI participants had significantly greater recall for information in paragraphs with emotional content.

Conclusions: Participants with TBI showed impaired recall of words and paragraph content. Emotion facilitated word and paragraph content recall for neurotypical individuals but emotional memory advantage was limited to words for the TBI participants.     

Intensified electrical stimulation targeting lateral and medial prefrontal cortices for the treatment of social anxiety disorder: A randomized,double-blind,parallel-group,dose-comparison study

BackgroundSocial Anxiety Disorder (SAD) is the most common anxiety disorder while remains largely untreated. Disturbed amygdala-frontal network functions are central to the pathophysiology of SAD, marked by hypoactivity of the lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC), and hypersensitivity of the medial PFC and the amygdala. The objective of this study was to determine whether modulation of the dorsolateral and medial PFC activity with a novel intensified stimulation protocol reduces SAD core symptoms, improves treatment-related variables, and reduces attention bias to threatening stimuli.MethodsIn this randomized, sham-controlled, double-blind trial, we assessed the efficacy of an intensified stimulation protocol (20 min, twice-daily sessions with 20 min intervals, 5 consecutive days) in two intensities (1 vs 2 mA) compared to sham stimulations. 45 patients with SAD were randomized in three tDCS arms (1-mA, 2-mA, sham). SAD symptoms, treatment-related variables (worries, depressive state, emotion regulation, quality of life), and attention bias to threatening stimuli (dot-probe paradigm) were assessed before and right after the intervention. SAD symptoms were also assessed at 2-month follow-up.ResultsBoth 1-mA and 2-mA protocols significantly reduced fear/avoidance symptoms, worries and improved, emotion regulation and quality of life after the intervention compared to the sham group. Improving effect of the 2-mA protocol on avoidance symptoms, worries and depressive state was significantly larger than the 1-mA group. Only the 2-mA protocol reduced attention bias to threat-related stimuli, the avoidance symptom at follow-up, and depressive states, as compared to the sham group.ConclusionsModulation of lateral-medial PFC activity with intensified stimulation can improve cognitive control, motivation and emotion networks in SAD and might thereby result in therapeutic effects. These effects can be larger with 2-mA vs 1-mA intensities, though a linear relationship between intensity and efficacy should not be concluded. Our results need replication in larger trials.     

Multimodal examination of emotion processing systems associated with negative affectivity across early childhood

High Temperamental Negative Affectivity in early childhood has been found to predict later emotion dysregulation. While much work has been conducted to separately probe bio-behavioral systems associated with Negative Affectivity, very little work has examined the relations among multiple systems across age. In this study, we use multi-modal methods to index neurobiological systems associated with Negative Affectivity in 53 4-7-year-old children. Prefrontal activation during emotion regulation was measured using functional near-infrared spectroscopy over the lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) while children played a game designed to elicit frustration in Social (Happy and Angry faces) and Nonsocial contexts. Gaze behaviors while free-viewing Happy and Angry faces were also measured. Finally, Negative Affectivity was indexed using a score composite based on factor analysis of parent-reported temperament. Using mixed-effects linear models, we found an age-dependent association between Negative Affectivity and both PFC activation during frustration and fixation duration on the mouth area of Happy faces, such that older children high in Negative Affectivity spent less time looking at the mouths of Happy faces and had lower PFC activation in response to frustration (ps<0.034). These results provide further insight to how Negative Affectivity may be associated with changes in affective neurobiological systems across early childhood.     

Beyond vernacular: Measurement solutions to the lexical fallacy in disgust research

Disgust may play an important role in several mental disorders, in part because disgust seems impervious to corrective information, a feature noted long before it was studied by clinical psychologists. A deeper understanding of disgust could improve not only the treatment of mental disorders, but also other societal problems involving this peculiar emotion. In this paper, we review the measurement of disgust and identify issues that hold back progress in understanding how to treat this emotion. First, self-report measures of disgust, although optimized in terms of reliability, are compromised in terms of validity due to the “lexical fallacy,” that is, the assumption that vernacular usage of emotion terms reveals natural kinds. Improved self-report measures that parse disgust from neighboring states of discomfort and disapproval can address this limitation, but these approaches are absent in clinical psychology. Second, “objective” measures of disgust, although free of vernacular limitations, require greater psychometric scrutiny. In a critical review, we find that most instrument-based measures fail to demonstrate adequate reliability, rendering them unsuitable for the individual differences research crucial to clinical psychology. In light of this assessment, we provide several recommendations for improving the reliability and validity of disgust measurement, including renewed attention to theory.     

蒋士卿教授运用“和”法治疗胃癌的经验浅析

蒋士卿教授认为胃癌的发生是由于外感六淫、内伤七情、饮食失调、正气不足等原因导致机体内环境遭到破坏,打破阴阳的平衡状态使之失调,从而造成五脏六腑的功能失和。因此治疗上以“和”法贯穿始终,通过调理脏腑、通而补之、调畅气机、调和情志以及调节饮食等从而使“失和”的机体恢复“阴平阳秘”之“和”的状态。