电针联合右美托咪定对骨科老年患者术中应激的影响研究

目的：探讨电针联合右美托咪定对老年骨科患者术中应激的影响。方法：选取拟行手术治疗的老年下肢骨折患者56例为研究对象，采用随机数字表法分为单纯全麻组、电针复合全麻组（简称复合电针组）、右美托咪定复合全麻组（简称复合右美组）及电针联合右美托咪定复合全麻组（简称针药复合组），各14例。记录各组各时间点血压、心率、血氧饱和度等各项监护指标，术前、术后神经心理学指标（简易智力检查评分和疼痛视觉模拟评分）及各时间点血糖水平，术中心血管活性药物使用情况及患者住院天数。结果：术后各时间点针药复合组简易智力检查评分高于单纯全麻组（P＜0.05）；术后72 h内，针药复合组疼痛评分低于其他三组（P＜0.05）；针药复合组术中循环系统指标及血糖水平更稳定；针药复合组术后意识恢复时间最短（P＜0.05）；四组术后呼吸恢复时间与住院天数比较，差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）；四组心血管活性药物使用率比较，差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论：老年骨科患者手术中采用电针联合右美托咪定治疗，能够稳定围术期血糖、术中循环系统指标水平，减少术后认知功能障碍发生率，显著降低术中应激水平。     

新辅助化疗在老年乳腺癌治疗中的意义

目的：探讨新辅助化疗在老年乳腺癌患者治疗中的意义。方法：35例老年乳腺癌患者术前用CTF方案化疗1疗程，化疗后1周手术。结果：无完全缓解病例，部分缓解4例（占11．43％），轻度缓解20例（占57．14％），无变化11例（占31．43％），无临床进展病例。病理组织学观察20例镜下见肿瘤细胞有小点片状坏死。1例因白细胞降低推迟手术，其余患者按计划手术。全组随访1～6年，在随访期间发现5例局部复发，2例骨转移，2例有肺和脑转移。6例在随访期间因本病死亡，3例因其它合并症死亡，余均健在。结论：新辅助化疗对老年乳腺癌可缩小肿瘤，增加手术机会，提高治疗效果，并可能减少术中血行转移。     

琥珀酸美托洛尔缓释片在高龄合并快速永久性心房颤动治疗中的有效性和安全性分析

目的分析琥珀酸美托洛尔缓释片在高龄合并快速永久性心房颤动治疗中的有效性和安全性。方法选取70岁以上伴有快速永久性心房颤动40例。在基础治疗上加用小剂量酒石酸美托洛尔片逐渐达到靶剂量,2周后按照1∶1更换为琥珀酸美托洛尔缓释片,继续观察2周。分别记录患者症状、清晨静息心率,检查B型尿钠肽、动态心电图及动态血压并进行分析。结果琥珀酸美托洛尔缓释片的治疗靶剂量为（66.25±18.75） mg。患者在琥珀酸美托洛尔缓释片治疗后症状、24 h平均心率、清晨静息心率、24 h平均血压、B型尿钠肽均较用药前明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。琥珀酸美托洛尔缓释片当使用到靶剂量时最长R-R间期无明显延长,患者未出现不适症状。结论在高龄合并快速永久性心房颤动治疗中,琥珀酸美托洛尔缓释片有着良好的临床疗效和安全性,值得临床应用。     

管状胃在高龄食管癌和贲门癌根治术中的应用

目的 总结70岁以上高龄食管癌、贲门癌根治手术中应用管状胃代食管的手术操作方法, 分析术后肺部并发症的发生及术后生存的情况。方法 回顾分析30例70岁以上高龄食管癌和贲门癌患者临床资料, 术中应用管状胃代替食管, 统计分析术后发生的肺部并发症和随访资料。结果 术中保留胃右动脉及分支的管状胃制作成功, 23例术后无明显肺部并发症发生, 4例出现明显肺部感染, 积极治疗后康复出院;2例术后气管切开, 呼吸机辅助呼吸, 1周后顺利脱离呼吸机;1例较长时间呼吸机辅助呼吸, 出现吻合口瘘, 最终死亡。术后随访21例, 无明显反流性食管炎发生, 术后1月后生活基本自理。1、3年生存率分别为42.8%(9/21)和19.0%(4/21)。结论 应用管状胃代食管, 对高龄食管癌和贲门癌患者, 可以有效预防吻合口瘘, 减少胸腔胃对心肺功能的影响, 减少反流性食管炎的发生, 提高患者术后生存质量。     

Identifying elder abuse & neglect among family caregiving dyads: A cross sectional study of psychometric properties of the QualCare scale

Background/objectivesUniversal screening for elder abuse and neglect is a current controversy in geriatrics, fueled by the lack of evidence on valid and reliable instruments. Since each U.S. State and many other countries have their own legal definitions of what constitutes elder abuse and neglect, this further complicates instrument development and clinical assessment. The purpose of this paper is to present data on the sensitivity and specificity of the QualCare Scale, an instrument with utility in detecting clinically significant elder abuse and neglect among older adults receiving care at home.DesignData used in this analysis were collected during a training program in which trainees completed assessments (N = 80) of standardized case scenarios of caregiving dyads. Trainees completed the QualCare Scale during each assessment.SettingThis training program, including the assessments of the standardized case scenarios, was completed using a custom designed virtual-reality platform. Trainees were able to interact with the environment, older adult and caregiver within the case scenario.ParticipantsThirty-six nurses and social workers from two Michigan Medicaid Waiver Sites participated in the training program. Each participant assessed between one and five scenarios, yielding the sample of 80 assessments used in this analysis.MeasurementsThe research team designed each standardized case scenario to reflect whether or not the QualCare Scale subscale score should indicate reportable elder abuse and neglect per the State statute. Accordingly, the research team’s QualCare Scale scores for each scenario were used as the gold standard criterion of clinical significance for comparison against the participant’s assessment scores.ResultsSensitivity and specificity for each of the six QualCare subscales was determined. Overall, the subscales had high sensitivity (≥0.811) but a wide range for specificity (0.167–1.000).ConclusionThe QualCare Scale can be an effective tool in detecting clinically significant elder abuse and neglect among older adults receiving care at home. This tool is suitable and feasible for use by practitioners working in home care. The QualCare Scale score indicating clinically significant or reportable elder abuse and neglect can be raised or lowered to be consistent with State or Country statutes, or simply used to create appropriate care plans to support caregiving. Findings from the QualCare Scale can support the multidisciplinary team in planning for and evaluating preventative interventions.