基于基因表达谱相似性的四物汤重定位及抗乳腺癌有效成分群辨识＊

目的 发现四物汤的新药理作用并辨识其有效成分群。方法 于GEO和Cmap数据库获取四物汤和1309个小分子药物的基因表达谱，计算差异表达基因及四物汤与1309个小分子药物的基因表达谱间的相似性，相似性较高的小分子药物的药理作用为四物汤的新药理作用。相似性较高的小分子药物的靶点作为四物汤发挥新药理作用的靶标，利用分子对接技术辨识四物汤的有效成分群。结果 四物汤具有抗乳腺癌的作用，其有效成分群为荭草苷、芍药苷和半乳糖醛酸等，并通过文献调研验证了辨识结果的可靠性。结论 本研究将为扩大四物汤的临床应用范围及质量控制奠定基础，为乳腺癌的治疗提供新方法。     

HLA-B evolutionary divergence is associated with outcomes after SARS-CoV-2 infection

We examined the correlation between class I HLA evolutionary divergence (HED), a surrogate for the capacity to present different peptides, and the outcomes of 234 adult inpatients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood and genotyped by next-generation sequencing (NGS). HED scores for HLA class I (HLA-A, -B, and -C) genotypes were calculated using Grantham’s distance. Higher HED scores for HLA-B, but not HLA-A or -C, are significantly associated with a decreased probability of poor outcomes including ICU admission, mechanical ventilation, and death (OR = 0.93; P = 0.04) in the univariate analysis. In the multivariate analysis, increased HLA-B HED score, younger age, and no comorbidity were independently associated with favorable outcomes (P = 0.02, P = 0.01, and P = 0.05, respectively). This finding is consistent with the notion that broader peptide repertoires presented by class I HLA may be beneficial in infection control.     

Nutrition‐related factors associated with waiting list mortality in patients with interstitial lung disease: A retrospective cohort study

Japanese patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) sometimes die waiting for lung transplantation (LTx) because it takes about 2 years to receive it in Japan. We evaluated nutrition‐related factors associated with waiting list mortality. Seventy‐six ILD patients were hospitalized in Kyoto University Hospital at registration for LTx from 2013 to 2015. Among them, 40 patients were included and analyzed. Patient background was as follows: female, 30%; age, 50.3 ± 6.9 years; body mass index, 21.1 ± 4.0 kg/m²; 6‐minute walk distance (6MWD), 356 ± 172 m; serum albumin, 3.8 ± 0.4 g/dL; serum transthyretin (TTR), 25.3 ± 7.5 mg/dL; and C‐reactive protein, 0.5 ± 0.5 mg/dL. Median observational period was 497 (range 97‐1015) days, and median survival time was 550 (95% CI 414‐686) days. Survival rate was 47.5%, and mortality rate was 38.7/100 person‐years. Cox analyses showed that TTR (HR 0.791, 95% CI 0.633‐0.988) and 6MWD (HR 0.795, 95% CI 0.674‐0.938) were independently correlated with mortality and were influenced by body fat mass and leg skeletal muscle mass, respectively. It is suggested that nutritional markers and exercise capacity are important prognostic markers in waitlisted patients, but further study is needed to determine whether nutritional intervention or exercise can change outcomes.     

Symptom improvement in dry eye subjects following intranasal tear neurostimulation: Results of two studies utilizing a controlled adverse environment

PurposeTo evaluate the safety and effectiveness of the intranasal tear neurostimulator (ITN) in improving dry eye symptoms assessed in a controlled adverse environment (CAE®).MethodsStudy 1: Multicenter, subject-masked, randomized-sequence, crossover design. Single intranasal (active) and extranasal (control) ITN administration during CAE exposure. Study 2: Single-arm, open-label design. Intranasal ITN administration ≥2 times/day for 45 days, CAE assessment at days 0 and 45. In both studies, upon CAE entry, and every 5 min thereafter, subjects assessed eye dryness score (visual analog scale, 0–100 mm; EDS-VAS), and ocular discomfort score (ODS; Ora Calibra™, 0–4), for ≈2 h. Study 1: when ODS was ≥3 at 2 consecutive timepoints, subjects applied ITN intranasally or extranasally for ≈3 min, and again when achieving the same ODS criteria in randomized sequence. Study 2: days 0 and 45, ITN was applied for ≈3 min employing the same ODS criteria as Study 1.ResultsStudy 1: Significantly greater pre- to post-application reductions in mean [SEM] EDS (−16.5 [1.7] vs −3.1 [1.7], P < 0.0001) and ODS (−0.93 [0.08] vs −0.34 [0.08], P < 0.0001; n = 143) with intranasal vs extranasal stimulation. Study 2: On day 0 (n = 52) and day 45 (n = 48), significant pre- to post-application reductions in mean [SEM] EDS (−15.9 [2.7] and −15.2 [2.4]; P < 0.0001), and ODS (−1.3 [0.2] and −1.3 [0.1]; P < 0.0001). Few device-related adverse events were reported, none serious.ConclusionsAcute symptom relief is significant with the ITN and remains undiminished after daily use.     

改良单图像法手工测量髌骨不稳患者胫骨结节-股骨滑车沟间距的可行性分析

目的 探讨改良单图像法手工测量髌骨不稳患者胫骨结节-股骨滑车沟（tibial tuberosity-trochlear groove，TT-TG）间距的可行性。 方法 选取髌骨不稳患者30例。高年资手术医师A、B，使用改良单图像法手工测量髌骨不稳患者TT-TG间距，对比高资年影像学医师C，使用双图法测量髌骨不稳患者TT-TG间距。应用Cronbach′s alpha系数评价结果的可信度。应用组内相关系数（intraclass correlation coefficient，ICC）评价结果的可重复性。使用Bland-Altman分析图评价结果的一致性。 结果 高年资手术医师A、B使用改良单图像法手工测量髌骨不稳患者TT-TG间距分别和高年资影像学医师C使用双图法测量髌骨不稳患者TT-TG间距比较，Cronbach′s alpha系数分别为0.913和0.959，组内相关系数分别为0.913和0.958。Bland-Altman分析图显示，TT-TG间距差值（mm）的均值为-0.276（95%CI：-3.526~2.974）和0.143（95%CI：-3.110~3.397）。A、B医师之间使用改良单图像法手工测量髌骨不稳患者TT-TG间距比较，Cronbach′s alpha系数为0.891，组内相关系数为0.891。Bland-Altman分析图显示TT-TG间距差值（mm）的均值为-0.276（95%CI：-3.526~2.974）。 结论 改良单图像法手工测量髌骨不稳患者TT-TG间距操作简单，可以准确测量出髌骨不稳患者的TT-TG间距，该方法和双图法可以相互替换使用。     

Avoiding iatrogenic vascular injury in tibial external fixation with half pins. An in-vivo study based on CT angiography

BackgroundExternal fixation is an important tool in the management of variety of tibial fractures. Appropriate half pin insertion is important, to provide stable fixation without compromising the surgical field for definitive surgical procedures, and avoiding further damage to the important structures of the traumatized limb. There is paucity of literature about the optimal trajectories and safe corridors for half pins insertion based on in vivo studies. The available studies are based on anatomic atlases, cadaveric studies or half pin related complications.The aim of the current study is to present the findings of CT angiograms, in patients with external fixation of tibia, to enhance our understanding of optimal trajectories in safe corridors for half pins insertion.Material and methodsWe performed a retrospective study of patients with external fixators on the tibia, who had undergone CT angiogram as part of pre-operative planning for orthoplastic reconstructive procedures. The relationship between the tips of the fixator half pins and named vessels of the leg were analyzed, pins within 5 mm of a named vessel were considered to be a risk of causing iatrogenic injury.ResultsA total 51 patients, with in situ temporizing external fixators, with 134 half pins in different segments of the tibia were analyzed. More than 5 mm of penetration beyond the far cortex was noted in 47%, while in another 16% of pins penetration was more than 10 mm beyond the cortex. A tip to vessel distance (TVD) of 5 mm or less was noted in 28/134 (21%) of the pins, which highlights potential risk to the neurovascular bundles of the leg.ConclusionRisk of iatrogenic injury to neurovascular structures from half pin insertion can be reduced by meticulous use of fluoroscopy, by avoiding penetration beyond the far cortex, and avoiding exiting with half pins on the lateral surface in the distal 1/3rd of segment II of tibia. Moreover observing optimal trajectories and safe corridors for pin insertion, and selection of appropriate type of half pin can mitigate the risk to these structures.     

After “Hello” with a wounded warrior: A student journey

The article describes the journey of a terror-stricken student growing into an adept healthcare provider; representing courageous personal and professional growth after a “Hello” in a nursing school immersion experience. The journey includes the student’s emotional maturity and courage, recognizing the uniqueness of military culture, realizing the magnitude of the patient’s losses, ascertaining patient concerns, personal recovery goals and long-term support network. Together recovery milestones are recognized and achieved. The article underscores the importance of nurse education in facilitating student’s effective nurse-patient communication techniques considering diverse cultural elements, and consistently applying these theoretical concepts into practice. Assignments geared toward a holistic patient perspective can serve to develop student leadership progress toward becoming informed and engaged citizens, enlarging worldviews and a heightened awareness of relevant global issues, and spark passion related to national policy reform. Commitment to professional ownership of personal and professional growth throughout nursing school leads to positive transitions as a seasoned healthcare provider.     

有限元评估尖顶距与股距尖顶距对股骨转子间骨折髓内钉内固定术后稳定性的影响

文题释义：尖顶距：是指术后即刻的正、侧位X射线片上拉力螺钉尖至股骨头颈中轴线与股骨头关节面交点的距离之和，并校正放大率后所得值，以毫米为单位。目前较为主流的观点是尖顶距值≤25 mm可有效减少拉力螺钉切出股骨头的可能性。股距尖顶距：股距尖顶距是在尖顶距的基础上提出的。正位片上，于内侧皮质做一条平行于股骨颈中轴线的切线，该线与股骨头关节面的交点至螺钉尖端的距离即为正位片上的股距尖顶距；侧位片上，为拉力螺钉尖至股骨头颈中轴线与股骨头关节面交点的距离；将正、侧位片上的股距尖顶距相加再予以校正后得到股距尖顶距的值。股距尖顶距更强调正位片上偏下的螺钉位置。 背景：尖顶距被广泛应用于预测拉力螺钉切出的可能性，但是一些临床研究发现在正位片上当拉力螺钉位于股骨头中心偏下的位置时更稳定，于是为了更准确评估拉力螺钉位置, 提出了股距尖顶距的概念，但是其应用价值还需要进一步验证。 目的：利用尖顶距和股距尖顶距的标准公式，将拉力螺钉放入股骨头内不同的区域，应用有限元方法对模型的稳定性进行评估并对比。 方法：利用CT影像数据建立左股骨有限元模型，用3D扫描加建模建立捷迈解剖型髓内钉内置物有限元模型，按照尖顶距15，20，25，30，35 mm将拉力螺钉分别放入股骨头内中间区域和前上、前下、后上、后下5个对应的象限，建立24个内固定模型。同时计算当拉力螺钉位于股骨头中间时对应的股距尖顶距，将拉力螺钉放入后上、后下、前上、前下4个象限，建立16个股距尖顶距模型。然后给模型垂直向下的力，比较以尖顶距和股距尖顶距为标准建立的有限元模型的稳定性。结果与结论：①以尖顶距为标准置入拉力螺钉，当拉力螺钉位于前上象限，尖顶距为35 mm时，股骨头最大轴向位移与无拉力螺钉时差值最小，为0.008 205 5 mm，当拉力螺钉位于股骨头后下象限，尖顶距为20 mm时，股骨头最大轴向位移与无拉力螺钉时差值最大，为0.023 524 0 mm。以股距尖顶距为标准置入拉力螺钉，当拉力螺钉位于前上象限，股距尖顶距为37.886 mm时，股骨头最大轴向位移与无拉力螺钉时差值最小，为0.008 794 1 mm，当拉力螺钉位于股骨头后下象限，股距尖顶距为25.256 mm时，股骨头最大轴向位移与无拉力螺钉时差值最大，为0.023 183 2 mm。②将拉力螺钉按照尖顶距和股距尖顶距的标准放入股骨头内，拉力螺钉位于股骨头中心偏后上方时，股骨骨折近端的最大主应力增高明显，平均值分别为82.339 4，79.118 8 MPa；拉力螺钉位于股骨头中心偏后下方时，股骨骨折近端的平均最大主应力值减小，分别为49.535 9，49.642 8 MPa。提示：在评估尖顶距和股距尖顶距对股骨转子间骨折髓内钉内固定模型稳定性的影响时，股距尖顶距并未较尖顶距表现出明显优势；股骨骨折近端的稳定性受到拉力螺钉位置的影响更大，当拉力螺钉位于股骨头下后象限时，稳定性最好。ORCID: 0000-0002-7707-3553(乔文) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节；骨植入物；脊柱；骨折；内固定；数字化骨科；组织工程