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In this paper, we argue that understanding and addressing the problem of poor-quality medical products requires a more interdisciplinary approach than has been evident to date. While prospective studies based on rigorous standardized methodologies are the gold standard for measuring the prevalence of poor-quality medical products and understanding their distribution nationally and internationally, they should be complemented by social science research to unpack the complex set of social, economic, and governance factors that underlie these patterns. In the following sections, we discuss specific examples of prospective quality surveys and of social science studies, highlighting the value of cross-sector partnerships in driving high-quality, policy-relevant research in this area.  相似文献   
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《Drug discovery today》2022,27(1):280-291
Positron emission tomography (PET) is an extensively used nuclear functional imaging technique, especially for central nervous system (CNS) and oncological disorders. Currently, drug development is a lengthy and costly pursuit. Imaging with PET radiotracers could be an effective way to hasten drug discovery and advancement, because it facilitates the monitoring of key facets, such as receptor occupancy quantification, drug biodistribution, pharmacokinetic (PK) analyses, validation of target engagement, treatment monitoring, and measurement of neurotransmitter concentrations. These parameters demand careful analyses for the robust appraisal of newly formulated drugs during preclinical and clinical trials. In this review, we discuss the usage of PET imaging in radiopharmaceutical development; drug development approaches with PET imaging; and PET developments in oncological and cardiac drug discovery.  相似文献   
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摘要:目的 本文对甘肃省2018-2020年食源性疾病监测中分离的致泻大肠埃希菌从年度、季度、性别、年龄分布进行分析,并对分离株耐药状况进行研究,为由致泻大肠埃希菌引起的食源性疾病的防控及抗生素的使用提供政策和依据。方法 按照《食源性疾病监测工作手册》从食源性疾病病例监测样本中分离得到大肠埃希菌株,PCR方法进行分型,采用微量肉汤稀释法进行药敏试验。结果 2018-2020年甘肃省由致泻大肠埃希菌引起的食源性疾病呈下降趋势,患病率男性大于女性,19~45岁组大于其他年龄组。致泻大肠埃希菌对氨苄西林的耐药率最高(78.8%),对复方磺胺甲恶唑、头孢唑林、四环素3种抗生素的耐药率超过40%,对亚胺培南、头孢西丁、头孢他啶3种抗生素的耐药率低于10%。致泻大肠埃希菌的多重耐药率为69.8%。5种型别的致泻大肠埃希菌中EAEC占比为62.2%,各型别对氨苄西林、头孢唑林和头孢噻肟的抗生素敏感性存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论 甘肃省食源性疾病中致泻大肠埃希菌耐药形势严峻,各个市州应当完善食源性疾病中致泻大肠埃希菌的监测工作,并对抗生素的使用进行控制。  相似文献   
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An ovine iliac vein thrombosis model was devised to test a wall-contacting rotational thrombectomy device. Thrombosis was successfully induced in 9 sheep with an average clot length of 31 mm ± 12 and >60% vessel occlusion on angiography. The thrombus was subsequently removed, maintaining normal intraoperative pulmonary arterial pressure (5.9 mm Hg ± 3.6) and complete distal reperfusion after thrombectomy. Additionally, the sheep were without signs of vascular trauma or embolic complications on gross necropsy and histopathologic analysis. The findings from this study support the use of an ovine iliac deep vein thrombosis model for testing of a lower extremity thrombectomy device.  相似文献   
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目的 通过分析外耳道真菌病的临床特征,研究其病原菌分布及临床用药情况,为有效诊治外耳道真菌病提供科学依据。方法 回顾性分析2018年1月—2020年12月收治的91例确诊为外耳道真菌病患者的临床资料,采集所有患者患病耳道分泌物并进行病原菌培养和涂片镜检,棉蓝染色进行真菌鉴定。结果 91例患者耳闷耳痒100%,听力下降者63%,鼓膜穿孔者19.78%;真菌培养检出黑曲霉菌43%、土曲霉菌21%、假丝酵母菌12%,菌株均对唑类药物敏感性较高;临床使用唑类真菌药物治愈51例(56.04%),好转36例(39.56%),无效4例(4.40%),总有效率为95.60%。结论 曲霉菌和念珠菌属是引起外耳道真菌病的最常见病原体,清除真菌团块后应用敏感性抗真菌药,临床疗效较好。  相似文献   
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IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in severe ongoing blood shortages across the US, despite employment of numerous blood-conservation measures. Massive transfusion protocols (MTP) are one resource-intensive practice that utilize significant amounts of blood products. Alterations to the composition of MTP parameters to conserve scarce biologic resources have hitherto not been examined during the pandemic.MethodsAn anonymous 18-question survey was administered to 115 hospitals with valid email contact information. Survey questions addressed whether institutions have altered their MTPs due to the COVID-19 pandemic and blood shortages, and if so, what adjustments they have made. Additional details concerning potential differences in the number and cycles of MTPs and blood product wastage during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the year prior were assessed.Results50 responses were received (43 % response rate). 10 % (5/50) of institutions altered their MTPs utilizing a variety of approaches in attempt to conserve blood during the COVID-19 pandemic. Four additional institutions intend to alter them if it becomes necessary. Following onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, 24 % of institutions (12/50) reported an increase in monthly MTP activations, while 16 % (8/50) reported decreased activations compared to prior to the pandemic. 22 % (11/50) of institutions experienced increased blood wastage, whereas 16 % (8/50) reported decreased waste compared to pre-pandemic.DiscussionThe results of this survey highlight a variety of mechanisms by which institutions have attempted to conserve blood via altering MTPs. Whether an institution adjusted their MTP does not correlate with changes in blood product wastage compared to pre-pandemic.  相似文献   
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