首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
文章检索
  按 检索   检索词:      
出版年份:   被引次数:   他引次数: 提示:输入*表示无穷大
  收费全文   3157篇
  免费   124篇
  国内免费   98篇
耳鼻咽喉   10篇
儿科学   69篇
妇产科学   48篇
基础医学   241篇
口腔科学   37篇
临床医学   224篇
内科学   692篇
皮肤病学   13篇
神经病学   108篇
特种医学   19篇
外科学   156篇
综合类   246篇
预防医学   1090篇
眼科学   4篇
药学   157篇
  1篇
中国医学   123篇
肿瘤学   141篇
  2023年   76篇
  2022年   149篇
  2021年   191篇
  2020年   138篇
  2019年   134篇
  2018年   144篇
  2017年   86篇
  2016年   89篇
  2015年   86篇
  2014年   276篇
  2013年   232篇
  2012年   160篇
  2011年   208篇
  2010年   131篇
  2009年   154篇
  2008年   160篇
  2007年   159篇
  2006年   111篇
  2005年   94篇
  2004年   74篇
  2003年   40篇
  2002年   41篇
  2001年   42篇
  2000年   32篇
  1999年   24篇
  1998年   20篇
  1997年   25篇
  1996年   23篇
  1995年   22篇
  1994年   16篇
  1993年   13篇
  1992年   27篇
  1991年   16篇
  1990年   22篇
  1989年   13篇
  1988年   14篇
  1987年   14篇
  1986年   5篇
  1985年   17篇
  1984年   15篇
  1983年   6篇
  1982年   11篇
  1981年   7篇
  1980年   9篇
  1979年   10篇
  1978年   7篇
  1977年   9篇
  1976年   5篇
  1973年   5篇
  1971年   4篇
排序方式: 共有3379条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Even if the relationships between nutrition and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remain underexplored, the current literature is providing, day by day, much more evidence on the effects of various diets in both prevention and treatment of such illnesses. Wrong dietary habits, together with other environmental factors such as pollution, breastfeeding, smoke, and/or antibiotics, are among the theoretical pathogenetic causes of IBD, whose multifactorial aetiology has been already confirmed. While some of these risk factors are potentially reversible, some others cannot be avoided, and efficient treatments become necessary to prevent IBD spread or recurrence. Furthermore, the drugs currently available for treatment of such disease provide low-to-no effect against the symptoms, making the illnesses still strongly disabling. Whether nutrition and specific diets will prove to effectively interrupt the course of IBD has still to be clarified and, in this sense, further research concerning the applications of such dietary interventions is still needed.  相似文献   
2.
BackgroundDental caries is the most common chronic childhood disease. Past studies revealed that grandparents provide their grandchildren with cariogenic foods and beverages (eg, those with free sugars and/or modified starches). Qualitative research can help identify what drives this phenomenon.ObjectiveOur aim was to examine mothers’ explanations for why grandparents in north central and central Appalachia give their grandchildren cariogenic foods and beverages.DesignA qualitative study on children’s oral health in Pennsylvania and West Virginia from 2018 through 2020 was performed. In-person, semi-structured interviews were conducted. Qualitative data from interviews were recorded, transcribed, and then coded using NVivo. Data analysis for this study was performed using thematic analysis with iterative theme development.Participants/settingThe participants were 126 mothers of children aged 3-5 years from West Virginia (n = 66) and Pittsburgh, PA (n = 60).Main outcome measuresMothers’ perspectives about why grandparents give their grandchildren cariogenic foods and beverages were analyzed.ResultsIn the study sample, 85% of mothers (n = 107/126) named at least 1 of their children’s grandparents as a member of their social network responsible for their children’s oral health. From these interviews, 85% of mothers (n = 91/107) discussed that grandparents gave their grandchildren cariogenic foods and beverages. The mothers described the following 4 themes to explain why grandparents gave their grandchildren cariogenic foods and beverages: privilege of the grandparent role; responsibilities of the grandparent role; symbol of care and affection; and limited consideration or understanding of the detrimental impact.ConclusionsGrandparents play a role in giving their grandchildren cariogenic foods and beverages, which could potentially contribute to childhood caries. Research is needed to develop effective social interventions to help some grandparents understand the implications of a cariogenic diet on their grandchildren’s oral health and/or decrease their provision of cariogenic foods and beverages.  相似文献   
3.
王丹  徐红贞  邵雪华  王丹 《中华护理杂志》2022,57(14):1783-1782
通过饮食行为评估有助于医护人员发现儿童不良饮食行为,并制订针对性的干预措施,以预防肥胖、营养不良等问题。该文回顾了国内外常见的儿童饮食行为评估工具,对评估工具的内容、特点、应用情况等进行综述,以期为儿童饮食行为评估工具的应用、开发提供参考依据。  相似文献   
4.
BackgroundUnderstanding how vegetables are incorporated into the diet, especially in the types and amounts recommended by the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, and how this alters dietary intake patterns is vital for developing targeted behavior change interventions.ObjectiveTo determine how a provision of vegetables was incorporated into the diet of adults with overweight and obesity; whether or not the provided vegetables displaced other foods; and what, if any, effect this had on diet quality and body weight and composition.DesignThis study investigated secondary outcomes from the Motivating Value of Vegetables Study, a community-based, randomized, parallel, nonblinded controlled trial. Participants were randomly assigned to a provided vegetable intervention or attention control group using a one to one allocation ratio.Participants/settingMen and women with self-reported low vegetable consumption, aged 18 to 65 years, with a body mass index ≥25 were recruited from Grand Forks, ND, between October 2015 and September 2017. Only participants randomized to the provided vegetable intervention group (n = 51; attrition = 8%) were included in this secondary analysis.InterventionDietary Guidelines for Americans recommended types and amounts of vegetables were provided weekly for 8 weeks.Main outcome measuresHow the provided vegetables were incorporated into the diet was measured using daily self-report and 24-hour dietary recalls. Diet quality was assessed via the Healthy Eating Index 2015. Body weight and composition were measured before and after the intervention.Statistical analyses performedData were assessed using generalized linear mixed models where phase (pre, post) was the within-subject factor and subject was the random effect.ResultsParticipants self-reported using 29% of the provided vegetables as substitutes for other foods. With the increase in vegetable consumption, there were decreases in total grains (mean difference ± standard deviation; –0.97 ± 3.23 oz-equivalents; P = 0.02), protein foods (–1.24 ± 3.86 oz-equivalents; P = 0.01), saturated fats (–6.44 ± 19.63 g; P = 0.02), and added sugars (–2.44 ± 6.78 tsp-equivalents; P = 0.02) consumed. Total Healthy Eating Index 2015 scores increased (+4.48 ± 9.63; P = 0.001) and dietary energy density decreased (–0.44 ± 0.52 kcal/g; P < 0.0001). There was no change in total energy intake or body weight and composition.ConclusionsIncreasing vegetable consumption to meet Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommendations alters dietary intake patterns, improving diet quality and energy density. These findings highlight the importance of characterizing how individuals incorporate Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommendations into their diet.  相似文献   
5.
BackgroundVoices for Food was a longitudinal community, food pantry–based intervention informed by the social ecological model, and designed to improve food security, dietary intake, and quality among clients, which was carried out in 24 rural food pantries across 6 Midwestern states.ObjectiveOur objective was to evaluate changes in adult food security, dietary intake, and quality from baseline (2014) to follow-up (2016), and to assess the role of adult food security on dietary outcomes.DesignA multistate, longitudinal, quasi-experimental intervention with matched treatment and comparison design was used to evaluate treatment vs comparison group changes over time and changes in both groups over time.Participants/settingAdult food pantry clients (n = 617) completed a demographic food security survey, and up to three 24-hour dietary recalls at baseline (n = 590) and follow-up (n = 160).InterventionCommunity coaching served as the experimental component, which only “treatment” communities received, and a food council guide and food pantry toolkit were provided to both “treatment” and matched “comparison” communities.Main outcome measuresChange in adult food security status, mean usual intakes of nutrients and food groups, and Healthy Eating Index-2010 scores were the main outcome measures.Statistical analyses performedLinear mixed models estimated changes in outcomes by intervention group and by adult food security status over time.ResultsImprovements in adult food security score (–0.7 ± 0.3; P = .01), Healthy Eating Index-2010 total score (4.2 ± 1.1; P < .0001), and empty calories component score (3.4 ± 0.5; P <.0001) from baseline to follow-up were observed in treatment and comparison groups, but no statistically significant changes were found for adult food security status, dietary quality, and usual intakes of nutrients and food groups between the 2 groups over time. The intervention effect on dietary quality and usual intake changes over time by adult food security status were also not observed.ConclusionsFood pantry clients in treatment and comparison groups had higher food security and dietary quality at the follow-up evaluation of the Voices for Food intervention trial compared with baseline, despite the lack of difference among the groups as a result of the experimental coaching component.  相似文献   
6.
2型糖尿病(T2DM)是一种常见的慢性代谢性疾病。近年来,随着国内外相关指南的不断更新,T2DM患者的身体活动建议日趋完善,但在日常活动过程中仍有难点有待解决。2022年2月,美国运动医学会(ACSM)和美国糖尿病协会(ADA)在2010年《运动和2型糖尿病》的基础上进行了更新,针对不同年龄段T2DM患者的身体活动、最佳活动时机、医疗干预与身体活动的有效性、身体活动和饮食注意事项等方面提供了新的临床指导建议。本文对2022年指南的主要内容及重点更新内容进行解读,并提出对我国临床工作者开展T2DM患者运动/身体活动干预的建议。  相似文献   
7.
Background and aimsThe role of diet in blood lipids is scarcely investigated in adults at risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and even less studied regarding their socioeconomic status (SES). This study aimed to investigate the associations of diet quality with blood lipids in adults from families at high-risk for developing T2DM from six European countries, considering their SES.Methods and resultsIn total 2049 adults (67% women) from relatively low-SES regions and high T2DM risk families were enrolled. Dietary habits, sedentary behaviour and sociodemographic characteristics were assessed using standardised questionnaires. The associations of tertiles of healthy diet score (HDS) with blood lipids were tested by univariate analysis of variance (UNIANOVA). HDL-Cholesterol (HDL-C) was positively (B 1.54 95%CI 0.08 to 2.99) and LDL-Cholesterol (LDL-C) (B ?4.15 95%CI ?7.82 to ?0.48), ratio of total cholesterol to HDL-C (B ?0.24 95%CI ?0.37 to ?0.10), ratio of LDL-C to HDL-C (B ?0.18 95%CI ?0.28 to ?0.08) and Atherogenic Index of Plasma (B ?0.03 95%CI ?0.06 to 0.00) inversely associated with the highest tertile of diet score compared to the lowest tertile independently of age, sex, Body Mass Index, total screen time and smoking. In sub-analysis of education (<14 and ≥ 14 years of education), these findings were only significant in the high-SES group.ConclusionWhile diet quality was poorer in the low-SES group, an association between diet quality and lipidemic profile was not found, as increased central obesity and smoking prevalence might have confounded this association. These findings indicate the need for tailor-made interventions, guided by the specific risk factors identified per population sub groups.  相似文献   
8.
BackgroundLittle is known about the dietary practices of women who have completed primary treatment for ovarian cancer, many of whom will go on to have cancer recurrence and further treatment. Knowledge of dietary practices is needed to optimize care.ObjectiveOur aim was to identify dietary practices after primary treatment for ovarian cancer and evaluate how these practices differ by disease recurrence and treatment status.DesignWomen with invasive epithelial ovarian cancer were provided with the following open-ended question after completing a food frequency questionnaire: “Is there anything we haven’t asked you about your diet in the last 1 to 2 months that you feel is important?”Participants/settingParticipants were from the OPAL (Ovarian Cancer Prognosis and Lifestyle) Study in Australia.Main outcomesThe main outcomes were dietary practices after primary treatment for ovarian cancer and factors affecting these practices.AnalysisParticipants’ responses were analyzed using content analysis. Individual content codes were categorized and reported by recurrence and treatment status at questionnaire completion.ResultsTwo hundred eighty-six women provided responses on 363 questionnaires. Those undergoing further treatment for recurrence commonly reported dietary regimens with clinical indications (eg, low fiber to avoid bowel obstructions, high energy/protein to minimize nutritional deficits). Those not undergoing further treatment frequently reported “popular” diets (eg, organic, plant-based, and alkaline). For women with cancer recurrence, dietary practices were affected by poor appetite and late effects of treatment. For women without recurrence, other comorbidities, geographical location, family, and friends appeared to influence dietary practices. In both groups, nutrition information sources and personal beliefs informed dietary practices. Participant responses that referenced media or online sources often included misinformation.ConclusionsAfter primary treatment for ovarian cancer, women report dietary practices that may not be captured in standard food frequency questionnaires. Dietary practices and factors affecting these practices likely differ by treatment and recurrence status. Improved access to evidence-based dietary information and support is needed.  相似文献   
9.
目的 了解杭州市居民主要消费食品中镉(cadmium,Cd)的污染状况,对居民膳食镉暴露的健康风险进行评估。 方法 对2019—2021年采集的588份市售食品样品,采用微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS法)进行Cd含量的测定,并对居民主要膳食的镉暴露风险进行评估。 结果 杭州市居民每月膳食Cd的平均总暴露量为8.32 μg/(kg·BW),为PTMI的33.3%。高暴露水平下,居民每月主要膳食Cd的总暴露量(P90值)为18.2 μg/(kg·BW),为PTMI的72.8%。膳食Cd暴露的主要来源为主食类、蔬菜类、鱼虾类食品,其对居民主要膳食Cd平均暴露量的贡献比值依次为57.7%、22.6%、10.2%。结论 杭州市居民主要消费的8类食品的Cd污染程度相对较低,膳食Cd暴露风险总体处于可接受水平,而高暴露水平下的居民膳食Cd的暴露风险仍需引起关注。  相似文献   
10.
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia, accounting for more than 50 million patients worldwide. Current evidence suggests the exact mechanism behind this devastating disease to be of multifactorial origin, which seriously complicates the quest for an effective disease-modifying therapy, as well as impedes the search for strategic preventative measures. Of interest, preclinical studies point to serotonergic alterations, either induced via selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors or serotonin receptor (ant)agonists, in mitigating AD brain neuropathology next to its clinical symptoms, the latter being supported by a handful of human intervention trials. Additionally, a substantial amount of preclinical trials highlight the potential of diet, fecal microbiota transplantations, as well as pre- and probiotics in modulating the brain’s serotonergic neurotransmitter system, starting from the gut. Whether such interventions could truly prevent, reverse or slow down AD progression likewise, should be initially tested in preclinical studies with AD mouse models, including sufficient analytical measurements both in gut and brain. Thereafter, its potential therapeutic effect could be confirmed in rigorously randomized controlled trials in humans, preferentially across the Alzheimer’s continuum, but especially from the prodromal up to the mild stages, where both high adherence to such therapies, as well as sufficient room for noticeable enhancement are feasible still. In the end, such studies might aid in the development of a comprehensive approach to tackle this complex multifactorial disease, since serotonin and its derivatives across the microbiota-gut-brain axis might serve as possible biomarkers of disease progression, next to forming a valuable target in AD drug development. In this narrative review, the available evidence concerning the orchestrating role of serotonin within the microbiota-gut-brain axis in the development of AD is summarized and discussed, and general considerations for future studies are highlighted.  相似文献   
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号