大小便失禁病人尊严丧失感与社会支持和应对方式的相关性研究

目的:探讨大小便失禁病人尊严丧失感现状及其与社会支持和应对方式的相关性。方法:采用一般资料调查表、病人尊严量表(PDI)、社会支持评定量表(SSRS)、应对方式量表(MCMQ)对山东省3所三级甲等医院119例大小便失禁病人进行调查。结果:病人尊严丧失感程度不一,不同大小便失禁时间病人尊严丧失感得分比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多元回归分析显示,大小便失禁后不同时间、主观支持、对社会支持的利用度以及屈服的应对方式是导致大小便失禁病人尊严丧失的重要因素。结论:大小便失禁病人尊严丧失感与社会支持和应对方式密切相关,加强社会支持以及积极有效的应对方式能减轻病人的尊严丧失感。     

Spirituality and Emotional Distress Among Lung Cancer Survivors

BackgroundEmerging research is highlighting the importance of spirituality in cancer survivorship as well as the importance of early distress screening. The purpose of this study was to prospectively examine the relationships among spirituality, emotional distress, and sociodemographic variables during the early period of lung cancer survivorship.Patients and MethodsEight hundred sixty-four lung cancer survivors completed the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy–Spiritual Well-Being, and the Short-Form-8 for emotional distress within the first year after lung cancer diagnosis, and 474 of these survivors completed the survey again 1 year later.ResultsAt baseline, spirituality was associated with lower prevalence of emotional distress, being married, fewer years of cigarette smoking, and better Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status. Additionally, high baseline spirituality was associated with lower rates of high emotional distress at 1-year follow-up.ConclusionThese findings suggest that spirituality might serve as a protective factor for emotional distress among lung cancer survivors. Further research is warranted to explore the role of spirituality in promoting distress management among lung cancer survivors.     

Style attributionnel et burn-out au travail : une analyse en cluster

In the domain of the workplace, burnout appears as an important consequence of stressful events experienced by an individual. But how to define it, and what reality does this concept represent? The benefits of optimism, and particularly of an optimistic explanatory style, have also been demonstrated on a set of other variables such as health, performance and resilience. If an optimistic explanatory style is an important variable, what are the relationships that can be observed with burnout? The purpose of this study is to explore the links that exist between explanatory styles and burnout assuming that there are different types of profiles according to the styles of the individuals, whether they are actually optimistic or pessimistic, or neither one nor the other. Through a cluster analysis, the results of this study revealed: 1) the existence of three different profiles of explanatory styles, ranging from optimistic to pessimistic; and 2) it was indeed possible to associate levels of burnout with the profiles of these styles.     

吸毒人员回归社会后的应对方式与生活质量——自我概念的中介作用

目的 本研究旨在探讨吸毒人员回归社会后的自我概念及应对方式是否会影响其生活质量。方法 在四川省成都市、德阳市、西昌市、宜宾市等地招募201名已回归社会的男性吸毒人员（平均年龄22.65±8.31岁，年龄16~59岁）进行调查。参与者完成田纳西自我概念量表（TSCS）、特质应对方式问卷（TCSQ）和药物成瘾者生命质量测定量表（QOL-DA）。结果 高自我概念组吸毒人员的积极应对得分和生活质量均高于低自我概念组，差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）；吸毒人员的自我概念在积极应对与生活质量之间的中介效应值为0.224（95%CI:0.063~0.434），中介效应显著，占总效应的26.4%。结论 自我概念介导了回归社会的吸毒人员应对方式与生活质量之间的关系，应在学校和特定社区开展提高自我概念和应对技巧的培训。     

不良妊娠患者应对方式的现状及其影响因素

目的了解不良妊娠患者的应对方式并分析其影响因素,为进行针对性的护理干预提供依据。方法方便抽样法选取2013年1月至2014年1月宁波市某三级甲等妇女保健医院收治的不良妊娠患者125例,采用自制的一般情况调查问卷及应对方式问卷(coping style questionnaire,CSQ)对其进行调查,分析调查结果。结果不良妊娠患者最常采用解决问题和求助等成熟型应对方式,不同年龄、文化程度、经济收入、孕龄和生育史的不良妊娠患者在应对方式选择上的差异有统计学意义P0.05或P0.01。结论护理人员应帮助年龄较轻、文化程度和收入较低、孕龄较大及未生育过的不良妊娠患者采用成熟型应对方式,以促进其身心健康。     

以格林模式为指导的健康宣教对尖锐湿疣患者情绪及自我效能的影响

目的探讨以格林模式为指导的健康宣教对尖锐湿疣患者情绪及自我效能的干预作用。方法将220例尖锐湿疣患者按就诊时间分为两组,各110例。对照组予以常规护理干预,观察组在此基础上实施以格林模式为指导的健康宣教,观察6个月,治疗后随访6个月统计复发率。干预前后采用医院自制尖锐湿疣患者健康知识调查问卷调查健康知识掌握情况,采用焦虑自评量表、抑郁自评量表评定焦虑、抑郁情绪,采用医学应对问卷评定应对方式,采用一般自我效能感量表评定自我效能。干预后采用纽卡斯尔护理满意度量表评定护理满意度。结果干预后观察组尖锐湿疣患者健康知识调查问卷总分及尖锐湿疣疾病知识、自我保健知识评分显著高于对照组(P<0.01),焦虑自评量表、抑郁自评量表评分显著低于对照组(P<0.01)。干预后观察组一般自我效能感量表评分及医学应对问卷的面对、自我效能评分显著高于对照组(P<0.01),回避、屈服评分显著低于对照组(P<0.01)。观察组复发率显著低于对照组(P<0.05),总满意率显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。结论以格林模式为指导的健康宣教能提高尖锐湿疣患者健康知识掌握度及自我效能水平,有效缓解其不良情绪,改变其应对方式,降低复发率,提高患者满意度。