消风散合凉血五根汤联合西药治疗成人过敏性紫癜性肾炎临床疗效及对患者血表皮生长因子、血小板活化因子乙酰水解酶的影响

目的观察消风散合凉血五根汤联合西药治疗成人过敏性紫癜性肾炎(HSPN)的临床疗效及对患者血表皮生长因子(EGF)、血小板活化因子乙酰水解酶(PAF-AH)的影响。方法将90例成人HSPN患者按照随机数字表法分为2组。对照组45例予常规西医治疗;治疗组45例在对照组基础上加服消风散合凉血五根汤治疗。2组均治疗8周。比较2组治疗前后中医证候评分、血肌酐(Cr)、尿素氮(BUN)、24 h尿蛋白定量、尿红细胞计数(U-RBC)、尿微量白蛋白尿肌酐比值(UACR)、估算肾小球滤过率(e GFR)、血EGF、PAF-AH水平,并统计2组临床疗效及不良反应情况。结果治疗组总有效率88.89%,对照组总有效率68.89%,治疗组疗效优于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后2组各项中医证候评分及总分均降低(P<0.05),治疗组治疗后各项中医证候评分及总分均低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后2组Cr、BUN、24 h尿蛋白定量、U-RBC、UACR均降低(P<0.05),e GFR升高(P<0.05);治疗组治疗后Cr、BUN、24 h尿蛋白定量、U-RBC、UACR均低于对照组(P<0.05),e GFR高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后2组血EGF、PAF-AH水平均降低(P<0.05),治疗组治疗后血EGF、PAF-AH水平均低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗组不良反应率(11.11%)低于对照组(26.67%,P<0.05)。结论成人HSPN在西医治疗基础上,加用消风散合凉血五根汤可提高临床疗效,不仅可改善临床症状,还能改善肾功能,降低糖皮质激素不良反应,其机制之一可能与其下调血EGF、PAF-AH水平有关。     

First aid is associated with improved outcomes in large body surface area burns

BackgroundAnimal studies indicate treating burn injuries with running water (first aid) for 20 min up to 3 h after burn reduces healing time and scarring. We have previously demonstrated the benefits of first aid in minor burn injuries with respect to a reduction in wound depth, faster healing, and decreased skin grafting utilisation. The purpose of this cohort study was to assess the effect of first aid on clinical outcomes in large body surface area burn injuries (≥20%).MethodsData was prospectively collected for patients with ≥20% TBSA burns from 2004– 2018. Multivariate regression analysis was used to determine the association of adequate first aid with 8 outcomes – mortality, total length of stay, total body surface area (TBSA), percentage/proportion of TBSA that was full thickness [PFTI], TBSA grafted, number of re-grafting sessions, intensive care admission, and intensive care length of stay. Adequate first aid was defined as the application of 20 min of cool, running tap water up to 3 h following the burn injury.Findings390 patients were identified. Adequate first aid was received in 35.6% (139) of patients. There was a trend towards a reduction in mortality (OR 0.37; 95% CI 0.12–1.13; P = 0.08). Patients who received adequate first aid had a statistically significant 9.8% reduction in TBSA (95% CI −13.6% to −6.1%; P < 0.0001) as well as a 12% lower PTFI compared to patients who received inadequate first aid (95% CI −19% to −4%; P < 0.01). Whilst there was no significant effect of adequate first aid on the TBSA grafted (P = 0.37), adequate first aid was associated with a significantly less number of re-grafting sessions (95% CI −-0.29 to −0.08; P < 0.001).InterpretationAdequate first aid with 20 min of running water is associated with improved outcomes in large burn injuries. Significant benefits are seen in a reduction in TBSA, proportion of the burn wound that is full thickness, as well as decreased re-grafting. This has significant patient and health system benefits and adds to the body of evidence supporting 20 min of cooling in burns care.     

Factors influencing development of residual stresses during crystallization firing in a novel lithium silicate glass-ceramic

ObjectiveDevelopment of residual stresses is a potential source of premature fractures in glassy materials, being of special interest in novel lithium silicate glass-ceramics that require a crystallization firing to achieve their final mechanical properties. The aim of this work was to assess the influence of various firing tray systems and the application of different cooling protocols on the development of residual stresses in Suprinity PC crowns. Their effect on the in vitro lifetime of the restorations was also studied.MethodsThirty crowns were milled out of Suprinity PC blocks and crystallized using one of five different commercial firing tray systems (n = 6). Samples in each group were cooled following a fast (FC = 5.5 °C/s), a slow (SC = 0.4 °C/s) or the manufacturer’s reference cooling (REF ). Obtained crowns were sagittally or transversally sectioned and the magnitude and distribution of residual stresses was determined using the light birefringence method. Extra crowns of three of the subgroups (n = 8) were produced and submitted to chewing simulation for 10⁶ cycles or until fracture ensued.ResultsAverage residual stresses ranged between 0 and 1.5 MPa (peaks of 5 MPa). Highest stress magnitudes were observed at the support areas of groups using firing pins, leading to thermal cracks in FC samples and premature failures in the REF subgroup. The use of fibrous pads and firing pastes limited the development of residual stresses, whereas application of SC regimes extended the lifetime of the restorations.SignificanceDevelopment of residual stresses during crystallization firing in lithium silicate glass-ceramics results critical for their mechanical performance and should be therefore avoided by ensuring a homogenous cooling of the structures.     

凉血散瘀方对肾虚血瘀型 IgA 肾病患者的疗效观察

〔摘 要〕 目的：分析凉血散瘀方加减辅助雷公藤多苷、醋酸泼尼松片治疗肾虚血瘀型 IgA 肾病患者的临床效果。 方法：选取三明市中西医结合医院 2019 年 6 月至 2020 年 6 月期间收治的 70 例肾虚血瘀型 IgA 肾病患者，依照治疗方案不同分为 观察组与对照组，各35例。对照组给予西药治疗；观察组在对照组基础上加用凉血散瘀方加减治疗。比较两组治疗效果。 结果：观察组患者治疗总有效率为 91.43 %，高于对照组的 71.43 %，差异具有统计学意义（P ＜ 0.05）。治疗前两组患者的尿红细 胞个数、血清肌酐（Scr）、血尿酸（SUA）、24 h 尿蛋白定量、Ⅳ 型胶原（C–Ⅳ）、基质金属蛋白酶组织抑制物 –1（TIMP–1） 及层粘连蛋白（LN）比较，差异无统计学意义（P ＞ 0.05）；治疗后两组患者的尿红细胞个数、Scr、SUA、24 h 尿蛋白 定量、C–Ⅳ、TIMP–1 及 LN 均低于治疗前，且观察组患者的尿红细胞个数、Scr、SUA、24 h 尿蛋白定量、C–Ⅳ、TIMP–1 及 LN 均低于对照组，差异具有统计学意义（P ＜ 0.05）。观察组患者不良反应发生率为 2.86 %，与对照组的 8.57 % 比较，差异无统计学意义（P ＞ 0.05）。 结论：凉血散瘀方联合雷公藤多苷、醋酸泼尼松片治疗肾虚血瘀型 IgA 肾病患者， 可进一步改善患者病情，调节血脂水平，改善肾脏纤维化，且安全性不受影响。     

Scalp cooling to prevent chemotherapy-induced alopecia

Chemotherapy-induced alopecia causes an important impact on cancer patients and its risk of persistence is currently a considerable issue in cancer survivors. Of the various interventions proposed for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced alopecia, scalp cooling has emerged as an effective and safe strategy. This paper aims to provide an overview on scalp cooling and chemotherapy-induced alopecia prevention.     

一种新型低温静脉输液装置对中枢性高热患者的降温效果及安全性研究

背景　物理降温方法是中枢性高热患者的主要降温方法，目前临床上常用的物理降温方法效果报道不一，且存在较明显的并发症。目的　探讨一种新型低温静脉输液装置（国家实用新型专利，专利号：ZL 2014 2 0070586.4）对中枢性高热患者进行物理降温治疗的效果及安全性。方法　选取2015-2019年佛山市中医院重症医学科收治的中枢性高热患者93例，采用随机数字表法将其分为对照组（n=29）、普通静脉降温组（n=32）和应用降温装置组（n=32）。对照组给予基础治疗及体表物理降温，普通静脉降温组在对照组的基础上予以静脉输注低温液体（由冰箱冷藏4 ℃），应用降温装置组则在对照组的基础上采用新型低温静脉输液装置输注室温液体。检测三组患者治疗前、治疗24 h及治疗48 h后的凝血功能指标：纤维蛋白原（FbgC）、活化部分凝血活酶时间（APTT）、凝血酶原时间（PT）及血小板计数（PLT）；观察寒战、心律失常、皮肤受损等并发症发生率；测量治疗前及治疗2、4、8、12、24、48 h的肛温；评估治疗1周后格拉斯哥昏迷量表（GCS）评分；电话随访患者治疗28 d病死率。结果　治疗方法和时间对FbgC、APTT、PT及PLT不存在交互作用（P>0.05）；治疗方法和时间对FbgC、APTT、PT及PLT主效应均不显著（P>0.05）。应用降温装置组寒战发生率低于对照组和普通静脉降温组，皮肤受损发生率低于对照组（P<0.017）。治疗方法和时间对肛温存在交互作用（P<0.05）；治疗方法和时间对肛温主效应均显著（P<0.05）；其中应用降温装置组治疗2、4、8、12、24、48 h的肛温均低于对照组和普通静脉降温组（P<0.05）。治疗1周后应用降温装置组GCS评分高于对照组和普通静脉降温组（P<0.05）。三组患者治疗28 d病死率比较，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论　采用新型低温静脉输液装置对中枢性高热患者进行物理降温治疗具有快速且稳定的降温效果，且其并发症发生率低，可广泛应用于临床降温治疗。     

Influence of thermal gradients on stress state of veneered restorations

Objectives

To assess transient and residual stresses within the porcelain of veneered restorations (zirconia and metal) as a result of cooling rate and porcelain thickness.

Methods

Porcelain-on-zirconia (PZ) and porcelain-fused-to-metal (PFM) crowns were fabricated with 1 or 2 mm of porcelain. Thermocouples were attached both internally and externally to the crowns to record transient temperatures. For fast cooling, the furnace was opened after the holding time and switched off. Slow cooling was accomplished by opening the furnace at 50 °C below the glass transition temperature (T_g) of the material. An axially symmetric FEA model simulated thermal stresses. Time-dependent temperature equations from thermocouple readings were set as boundary conditions. Framework materials and the porcelain below T_g were considered to behave elastically. Visco-elastic behavior was assumed for porcelain above the T_g modeling properties as dependent on cooling rate.

Results

Differences in residual stress were found for fast and slow cooled PZ and PFM crowns. Significant transient stress waves were observed within the porcelain when fast cooling through T_g. They are believed to be related to non-uniform volumetric changes originated from thermal gradients. Results were confirmed by modeling and physical testing of crowns containing a defect.

Significance

Residual stresses do not distinguish PZ from PFM. High magnitude transient stresses observed within the porcelain during fast cooling may explain clinical fractures involving internal defects. Stress waves may also originate internal micro-cracking which could grow under function. Therefore, slow cooling, especially for all-ceramic crowns with thick porcelain, is important to prevent thermal gradients and high-magnitude transient stresses.     

滨海核电厂冷源取水口海生物堵塞事件原因与对策分析

核电厂冷源系统是核电工程的重要组成部分, 对保障核电厂安全运行具有重要意义。近年来, 我国滨海核电厂发生多起冷源取水口海生物堵塞事件, 对核电厂的安全性与经济性造成不利影响。根据我国滨海核电厂冷源安全研究成果, 结合核安全监管要求与工程实践经验, 对冷源取水口海生物堵塞事件的原因与对策进行分析, 进一步提高核电厂的安全性与经济性。     

复式针刺补泻对臀大肌挛缩术后髋关节和膝关节屈伸角度的影响

目的：观察复式针刺补泻对臀大肌挛缩术后患者运动步态髋、膝关节屈伸角度的影响。方法：将66例臀大肌挛缩术后患者按随机数字表分为两组,每组33例。观察组在康复治疗基础上,予针刺患侧秩边、环跳、居髎,行透天凉泻法;患侧髀关、伏兔、足三里、丰隆、血海、地机、阳陵泉,行烧山火补法。对照组仅予与观察组相同的基础康复治疗。每日治疗1次,30天为1个疗程,连续治疗3个疗程,疗程间休息1星期。使用Lokomat全自动机器人步态评定系统对患者进行运动步态髋、膝关节的屈伸角度测定。结果：观察组患者髋关节屈曲角度值(HFA-FF)、髋关节屈曲角度最大值(MAX-HFA)、髋关节伸展角度最大值(MAX-HEA)、膝关节屈曲角度值(KFA-FF)、支撑相膝关节屈曲角度最大值(MAX-KFA-TP)、摆动相膝关节屈曲角度最大值(MAX-KFA-WP),及对照组患者髋关节屈曲角度值(HFA-FF)、髋关节伸展角度最大值(MAX-HEA)和膝关节屈曲角度值(KFA-FF)与治疗前均有统计学差异(P＜0.05)。观察组髋关节屈曲角度值(HFA-FF)、髋关节屈曲角度最大值(MAX-HFA)、髋关节伸展角度最大值(MAX-HEA)、膝关节屈曲角度值(KFA-FF)及支撑相膝关节屈曲角度最大值(MAX-KFA-TP)与对照组差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。结论：复式针刺补泻可提高臀大肌挛缩术后髋、膝关节功能,改善步态运动。