多分类有序反应变量logistic回归应用条件的检验

目的 对多分类有序反应变量logistic回归的应用条件寻求科学合理的检验方法。方法 使用卡方分布的理论，SAS软件及抽样调查方法。结果 设计出多分类有序反应变量logistic回归应用条件的卡方检验方法，推导出反应变量取各水平的概率计算公式及卡方检验中理论值、自由度的计算公式，并在作者主持的国家医师资格临床实践技能考试研究中取得了成功效果。结论 多分类有序反应变量logistic回归得到完善和补充，具有较大的理论和实际意义。     

Licensing and control authority batch release of influenza vaccine in Germany in accordance with EEC regulations

The epidemiological situation calls for almost yearly changes in the antigenic composition of influenza vaccine, thus necessitating fresh licensing procedures. Since the time for bringing a new vaccine onto the market should be relatively short, the following work of all parties involved must be done expeditiously: 1) WHO recommendations on new virus strains and their subsequent adaptation by the EEC (February/March); 2) Distribution of the new virus strains to the International Reference Centers for Influenza in the UK and USA (February/ March); the centers later issue reference materials for the determination of the haemagglutinin antigen concentration (April/May); 3) Production and testing of seed virus by manufacturers, as well as validation of the producer's inactivation process for the new virus strains (May/June); 4) Licensing of the vaccines by the National Control Authority (Paul-Ehrlich-Institute) (June/July); in the case of previously licensed products, the procedure is limited essentially to the approval of the detailed protocol of production and tests on the new virus strains, clinical studies not being required before licensing because of a lack of time; 5) Paul-Ehrlich-Institute's test for batch release, according to Directive 89/342/EEC, besides protocol approval, conducts material testing of the endotoxin and antigen content of each vaccine lot; the assay for the antigen quantification is especially laborious and sometimes must be repeated because of test invalidity.     

Spatiotemporal analysis of event-related potentials to upright, inverted, and contrast-reversed faces: effects on encoding and recognition

In an n-back face recognition task where subjects responded to repeated stimuli, ERPs were recorded to upright, inverted, and contrast-reversed faces. The effects of inversion and contrast reversal on face encoding and recognition were investigated using the multivariate spatiotemporal partial least squares (PLS) analysis. The configural manipulations affected early processing (100-200 ms) at posterior sites: Inversion effects were parietal and lateral, whereas contrast-reversal effects were more occipital and medial, suggesting different underlying generators. A later reactivation of face processing areas was unique to inverted faces, likely due to processing difficulties. PLS also indicated that the "old-new" repetition effect was maximal for upright faces and likely involved frontotemporal areas. Marked processing differences between inverted and contrast-reversed faces were seen, but these effects were similar at encoding and recognition.     

用MTTp和F-V曲线形状对吸烟者肺通气功能的对比研究

为评价部分平均通过时间（ＭＴＴｐ）和Ｆ－Ｖ曲线形状对检查吸烟者小气道功能的临床意义,作者对１１６例被动和轻、重度主动吸烟者进行了常规肺通气功能、ＭＴＴｐ和Ｆ－Ｖ曲线形状的探讨。常规肺通气功能和Ｆ－Ｖ曲线形状用常规法测定。ＭＴＴｐ用“简易计算法”公式计算。结果显示凸型Ｆ－Ｖ曲线的分布随吸烟程度而上升。·Ｖ５０、·Ｖ２５下降及ＭＴＴ４５％～５５％、ＭＴＴ７０％～８０％延长在凸型与重度吸烟组一致。ＭＴＴ４５％～５５％与ＭＴＴ７０％～８０％延长的范围在两者都是预计值的１１０％～１２０％,表明小气道功能已有轻度障碍。因而凸型Ｆ－Ｖ曲线、ＭＴＴ４５％～５５％及ＭＴＴ７０％～８０％延长、·Ｖ５０、·Ｖ２５下降都是检查小气道功能的敏感指标。用“简易计算法”计算ＭＴＴｐ简便准确,宜于临床推广应用     

从我院2007年普通制剂供应看医院制剂发展定位

目的：调查我院制剂室普通制剂的品种和供应情况,为自制制剂的发展提供依据。方法：归纳分析普通制剂的供应品种,并从HIS系统中提取2007年1月1日-12月31日的制剂发放记录,调研相关市售品种的价格,分类统计分析自制普通制剂的品种结构和使用现状。结果：2007年全年共配制供应普通制剂102个品规,金额111．3万元。用药金额前10位的制剂品种占总金额的64.4％。结论：医院制剂在我院的医疗活动中不可缺少,自制制剂品种结构有待于进一步优化。     

A “leap in the dark?” Lessons for the United Kingdom from past extensions of bar opening hours

The Licensing Act of 2003 for England and Wales paves the way for 24-hour opening of licensed premises. Senior members of the United Kingdom Government have claimed that the pressure of rigid closing times contributes to the rising problem of binge-drinking and associated harm in the UK. Removing set opening times it is hoped will reduce these problems. These plans have been widely criticised. Moreover, international evidence suggests this may not be the case. Studies from Europe, Iceland, Australia and North America have indicated that extending trading hours may not only fail to reduce alcohol-related problems but might increase them. Evidence exists of licensing liberalisation being followed by rises in alcohol consumption, violent crime, traffic accidents, illicit drug use as well as extra public health and tourism costs.     

中外医学教育与医师考试制度衔接的模式及启示

选取中外数10个医学教育发达国家、地区,综述了其国家执业医师资格考试制度与本科医学教育衔接的三种模式,剖析了以美、英为代表的两种衔接模式的共同特点:政府卫生主管部门和行业协会深度介入本科医学教育全程,本科教育的人才培养目标与行业的人才标准相适应,人才培养模式以职业能力为导向,注重来自行业的质量评价。     

The Effects of Heart Rate Variability Training on Sensorimotor Rhythm: A Pilot Study

Abstract

This article describes the surprising results of a brainmap that was made of Mr. Zhu, a Chi Kung Master. Astonishing results occurred when Master Zhu practiced the art of “losing mind.”     

Primary treatment of ocular surface squamous neoplasia with topical interferon alpha-2b: Comparative analysis of outcomes based on original tumor configuration

Purpose:The aim of this study was to evaluate tumor control of OSSN with topical IFNα2b alone based on tumor configuration (flat versus (vs.) dome-shaped).Methods:Retrospective, nonrandomized, interventional cohort study on 64 consecutive tumors in 63 patients with OSSN treated with topical IFNα2b. Topical IFNα2b (1 million international units/cc) was compounded and provided by the Thomas Jefferson University Hospital Pharmacy to be refrigerated and applied 4 times daily until biomicroscopic evidence of tumor resolution was observed.Results:The tumor configuration was flat (n = 15, 23%) or dome-shaped (n = 49, 77%). A comparison (flat vs. dome-shaped) revealed dome-shaped with older mean patient age at presentation (62 vs. 70 years, P = 0.04), greater patient history of smoking (13% vs. 42%, P = 0.04), greater corneal involvement (7% vs. 82%, P < 0.001), larger mean basal diameter (5.5 vs. 12.4 mm, P = 0.001) and mean thickness (1.9 vs. 4.3, P = 0.002), and longer mean duration IFNα2b therapy (3.7 vs. 6.3 months, P = 0.002). There was no difference in mean follow-up time (22.2 vs 23.1 months) or time to complete response (5.0 vs. 6.1 months). There was no difference in achievement of complete tumor control with IFNα2b alone (93% vs. 96%). There were no cases with metastasis or death.Conclusion:Topical IFNα2b alone shows excellent overall tumor control of 95% with no difference in efficacy based on tumor configuration.