如何正确运用t检验——两算术均值比较优效性t检验及SAS实现

本文主要介绍临床试验中优效性检验的概念、假设检验、界值设定和样本量的估计以及成组设计一元定量资料优效性t检验的SAS实现。通过实例展示SAS在优效性t检验中的应用,分别基于两种数据结构(原始定量数据和样本含量、均值、标准差数据)进行操作,对结果进行解释并作出结论。     

“一带一路”医疗援外项目卫生人员不同培养方式结果分析

目的探讨援外医疗救助"爱心行"项目中,针对柬埔寨医务人员不同培养形式初步结果。方法 2017年12月-2019年3月,横断面调查方法。近5年卫生人力资源培养相关文献查询,参加"爱心行"项目中国柬埔寨政府多部门,中国援外医疗队员,柬埔寨西部大学教授,参加培养柬埔寨卫生管理及医疗卫生人员等为访谈对象。半结构式访谈收集培养时间、内容类型及过程,分析比较长短期不同培训形式优缺点及初步结果。结果 7种形式共培养柬埔寨医生167人,来自柬埔寨4个省及金边市。其中硕士1名;长期进修(3月及以上)2名,会议及培训40名,与柬大学联合短期培训24名学员,来华现场培训实习5名,中国援外医疗队现场带教33人,中国流动医疗车现场带教培训70名。培训内容包括项目管理组织,筛查技能,心脏B超检查,Intensive Care Unit(ICU),心导管,经皮介入治疗结构性心脏病及车载心电图机,X线,生化分析仪使用等。结论援外项目应长短期培养相结合,多种培养形式有利于兼顾项目实施现场需求及长期项目影响。     

Building immunization decision-making capacity within the World Health Organization European Region

A National Immunization Technical Advisory Group (NITAG) is a multi-disciplinary body of national experts that provides evidence-based recommendations to policy-makers, assisting them in making sound immunization policy and programme decisions. The World Health Organization (WHO) Regional Office for Europe is working to strengthen the capacity of newly-established NITAGs and has targeted efforts on low- and middle-income countries. The Regional Office, in collaboration with WHO Headquarters and USA Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), developed a new training strategy and held training workshops to improve NITAGs’ functioning and ability to make evidence-based recommendations. Feedback from countries that participated in trainings indicated that the updated training materials and interactive approach with follow-up technical support enabled them to align their NITAG charters and processes with WHO recommendations. To ensure continued progress, global and regional partners such as WHO and CDC should continue providing technical support to recently established NITAGs.     

Comparison of total hip arthroplasty with minimally invasive SuperPath approach vs. conventional posterolateral approach in elderly patients: A one-year follow-up randomized controlled research

ObjectiveTo compare difference between SuperPath approach and conventional posterolateral approach in total hip arthroplasty (THA) in elderly patients.MethodsThe present prospective randomized controlled single blinded study enrolled a total of 96 elderly patients who received THA in our hospital during April 2015 to December 2018. All patients were randomly divided into the SuperPath group and the conventional group. General demographic characteristics and intraoperative data, as well as hospitalization time were recorded. Harris scores were used for measurement of hip function and visual analogue scale (VAS) was used for pain measurement. Serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and creatine phosphokinase (CK) were measured before and 24 h after surgery. Gait analysis was conducted by the method of footprints.ResultsThe mean surgical time was remarkably longer, the mean blood loss and incision length were significantly lower and the hospitalization time was also shorter in the SuperPath group compared with the conventional group. Both levels of CRP and CK were remarkably lower in the SuperPath group. At time points of 7 d and 1 mon after surgery, the VAS scores were significantly lower, and at 7 d, 1 mon and 3 mon the Harris scores were markedly higher in the SuperPath group compared with the conventional group. The step length and stride speed were significantly larger in the SuperPath group at 7 d and 1 mon after surgery than the conventional group. Joint dislocation was found in 2 cases of patients in the conventional group and no dislocation case was found in the SuperPath group. The angles of anteversion showed no significant difference, while the angles of abduction were significantly lower in the SuperPath group.ConclusionPatients with SuperPath approach had lower levels of CRP, ESR and CK, better hip function and less pain, as well as better gait condition than patients with conventional posterolateral approach in elderly patients.     

《中国药典》“维生素D测定法”中计算公式的讨论

目的：对《中国药典》（2015年版）四部通则0722“维生素D测定法”中计算维生素D总量公式进行了深入探讨。方法：在检验中发现所得结果与根据标准公式计算所得存在着差异。经过推算,并考察比较了近几版中国药典和几种国外药典（USP,EP,BP,JP）中的文本描述,分析了产生差异的原因,给出了改进建议。结果与结论：本工作可为完善《中国药典》维生素D含量计算方法提供参考。 ?