Coffee Consumption and Colon Cancer Risk: A Meta- Epidemiological Study of Asian Cohort Studies

Objective: A systematic review reported that coffee consumption would decrease risk of colon cancer in Asian women. But the systematic review arises the issue of duplication, so that a meta-epidemiological study was conducted. Methods: The selection criteria were defined that a prospective cohort follow-up study conducted to evaluate coffee consumption and risk of colon cancer in Asian and showed adjusted relative risk and its 95% confidence interval. In order to conduct meta-analysis, the highest versus lowest method was applied to extract relative risk and its 95% confidence intervals of the highest category. Random effect model was applied if I-squared value was over 50%. Results: After avoiding duplication, 9 cohort data were selected for meta-analysis. The summary relative risk (and their 95% confidence intervals) [I-square value] were 0.90 (95% CI: 0.79-1.03) [0.0%] in men, and 0.64 (95% CI: 0.36-1.15) [65.9%] in women, respectively. Conclusions: The results suggest that coffee consumption is not associated with the risk of colon cancer in Asian men and women. The findings of this study are consistent with the results of two systematic reviews conducted under the same hypothesis and selection criteria. Additional epidemiological studies are needed for the inflection of colon cancer risk as the dose of coffee increases and the difference in the protective effect by sex.     

Alcohol,tobacco and coffee consumption and liver disease severity among individuals with Chronic Hepatitis B infection in North America

Introduction and objectivesThe prevalence of alcohol, tobacco, and coffee use and association with liver health among North Americans with Chronic Hepatitis B (CHB) infection has not been well described.Materials and methodsThe Hepatitis B Research Network includes an observational study of untreated CHB adults enrolled at 21 sites in the United States and Canada. Alcohol use was categorized as none, moderate, and at-risk based on the definition from the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism; tobacco use as never, current and former; coffee use as none, 1–2 cups/day, and ≥3 cups/day. Linear regression and linear mixed models were used to associate lifestyle behaviors with ALT and FIB-4 values.Results1330 participants met eligibility: 53% males, 71% Asian and the median age was 42 years (IQR: 34–52). Median ALT was 33 U/L (IQR: 22–50), 37% had HBV DNA <10³ IU/mL, 71% were HBeAg negative, and 65% had a FIB-4 <1.45. At baseline, 8% of participants were at-risk alcohol drinkers, 11% were current smokers and 92% drank <3 cups of coffee/day. Current tobacco and ‘at-risk’ alcohol use, were significantly associated with elevated ALT levels in univariable analyses, however, these associations were not statistically significant when controlling for sociodemographic and HBV characteristics.ConclusionsIn this large diverse cohort of untreated CHB participants, at-risk alcohol use, current tobacco use and limited coffee consumption did not have an association with high ALT and FIB-4 values. In contrast, significant associations were found between the frequency of these lifestyle behaviors and sociodemographic factors.     

Antioxidants in liver health

Liver diseases are a worldwide medical problem because the liver is the principal detoxifying organ and maintains metabolic homeostasis. The liver metabolizes various compounds that produce free radicals(FR).However, antioxidants scavenge FR and maintain the oxidative/antioxidative balance in the liver. When the liver oxidative/antioxidative balance is disrupted, the state is termed oxidative stress. Oxidative stress leadsto deleterious processes in the liver and produces liver diseases. Therefore, restoring antioxidants is essential to maintain homeostasis. One method of restoring antioxidants is to consume natural compounds with antioxidant capacity. The objective of this review is to provide information pertaining to various antioxidants found in food that have demonstrated utility in improving liver diseases.     

Coffee consumption and risk of pancreatic cancer: a systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis

The association between coffee consumption and pancreatic cancer risk has been extensively studied; however, there is no consistent conclusion. Therefore, this meta-analysis study sought to evaluate dose–response relationship between them. A search was conducted using the PubMed and Web of Science databases. Thirteen high-quality cohort studies were identified, involving in 959,992 study participants and 3831 pancreatic cancer cases. Comparing the highest with lowest categories of coffee intake, the pooled relative risk (RR) was 1.08 (95% CI 0.94–1.25). For dose–response analysis, no evidence of a nonlinear dose–response association between coffee consumption and pancreatic cancer (p for nonlinearity =0.171) was found. The risk of pancreatic cancer was increased by 5.87% (RR =1.06, 95% CI 1.05–1.07) with the increment of one cup/day. Coffee consumption was identified to be related with the increasing risk of pancreatic cancer in a dose–response manner. Nevertheless, further mechanistic studies are needed to clarify the concerned issues.     

Nearly half of the adolescents in an Italian school‐based study exceeded the recommended upper limits for daily caffeine consumption

Aim

No data are available on caffeine consumption among Italian adolescents. We investigated caffeine intake from coffee, soft drinks and energy drinks in a sample of Italian adolescents and determined if they exceeded the recommended limits.

Methods

The study comprised 1213 adolescents with a mean age of 15.1 years (range 12–19) from four schools in Foggia, southern Italy. Caffeine intake was assessed using an anonymous self‐reported questionnaire during the 2013/2014 school year. We calculated the percentage of daily caffeine consumers, their mean intake of caffeine from beverages and the contribution of each beverage category to the total caffeine intake.

Results

Approximately 76% of the sample consumed caffeine every day, amounting to 125.5 ± 69.2 mg/day and 2.1 ± 1.2 mg/kg/day. When we applied the reference values from the Academy of Pediatrics, we found that 46% of the adolescents exceeded the recommended upper limits. Coffee was the most frequently consumed caffeinated drink and the main contributor to daily caffeine intake.

Conclusion

More than three quarters (76%) of the Italian adolescents in our study drank coffee on a daily basis and nearly half (46%) exceeded the recommended upper limits. Strategies are needed to reduce caffeine consumption by adolescents.     

吸烟和饮咖啡对局部脑血流量短期影响的动脉自旋标记分析

目的探讨吸烟和饮咖啡对正常成年人局部脑血流量(regional cerebral blood flow,r CBF)产生的短期影响。材料与方法 41名青中年健康志愿者进行吸烟试验,年龄22~55岁,平均年龄(36.6±11.8)岁,并分为吸烟史组(男21名)和无吸烟史组(男20名);19名青年健康志愿者进行咖啡试验,年龄范围22~27岁,平均年龄(24.4±1.4)岁,采用三维动脉自旋标记(three dimensional arterial spin labeling,3D ASL)磁共振灌注技术定量测量41名志愿者吸烟前后以及19名志愿者饮用咖啡前后枕叶、额叶、颞叶灰质和丘脑、基底节区r CBF。结果 (1)41名志愿者吸烟前后的各脑区r CBF差异无统计学意义(P均0.05)。(2)21名吸烟史组的吸烟前r CBF低于20名无吸烟史组,且在双侧枕叶、颞叶、丘脑以及左侧基底节区的r CBF差别较大(P均0.05)。(3)19名志愿者饮用咖啡后,双侧枕叶、额叶、颞叶灰质和丘脑、基底节的r CBF均产生明显降低的急性变化(P均0.05),且下降幅度分别为14.5%、16.5%、11.6%、11.7%、17.6%、15.7%、14.0%、14.3%、14.4%、15.4%,以右侧颞叶变化最为显著。结论基于3D ASL技术检测吸烟和咖啡对局部脑灰质血流量的短期影响,咖啡使r CBF发生降低的急性变化,吸烟对r CBF并未产生短期影响,而长期吸烟能导致r CBF降低。