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1.
目的探讨通过下食管括约肌(lower esophageal sphincter,LES)扩张建立咽喉反流性疾病(laryngophyngeal reflux disease,LPRD)模型的可行性。方法18只新西兰白兔随机分为实验组10只和对照组8只,对实验组动物进行LES测压定位后,使用球囊对LES进行注水扩张,对照组同法置入球囊,但不进行球囊注水。扩张前1周及扩张后2周行咽喉及食管下段pH监测,LES平均静息压检测;扩张前1周、扩张后2周及8周行喉镜检查,进行喉镜下反流体征评分;扩张后8周处死动物,对其喉部及食管下段黏膜取材,光镜下观察其病理变化。结果扩张后pH监测验证实验组造模成功8只(80.0%,8/10),实验组扩张前咽喉酸反流时间百分比(%)、反流事件数(次)、反流最长时间(s)分别为0(0,0)、0(0,0)、0(0,0),扩张后分别为17.5(8.2,29.4)、3(1,5.5)、17.2(10.2,30.8),较扩张前增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。实验组扩张前食管下段pH监测酸反流时间百分比、反流事件数、反流最长时间分别为0(0,0.7)、0(0,1)、0(0,1.2),扩张后分别为23.1(4.8,49.5)、3(1,6)、25.9(11.5,56.8),较扩张前增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。实验组扩张前LES压力28.0±5.6 mmHg,较扩张后(17.2±3.3 mmHg)升高,差异有统计学差异(P=0.001);实验组扩张前RFS评分3.1±1.2分,扩张后2周为3.6±1.4分,扩张后8周为8.6±2.5分,扩张前和扩张后2周差异无统计学意义(P=0.482),但扩张前与扩张后8周差异有统计学意义(P=0.005)。病理检查示实验组喉部及食管黏膜均可观察到不同程度慢性炎症。结论食管下括约肌球囊扩张可安全、有效地建立LPRD动物模型。  相似文献   
2.
Serrated polyps (SPs) are precursors to one-third of colorectal cancers (CRCs), with histological subtypes: hyperplastic polyps (HPs), sessile serrated lesions (SSLs) and traditional serrated adenomas (TSAs). The incidence of early-onset CRC before the age of 50 is increasing, with limited understanding of SPs in younger cohorts. Using a large colonoscopy-based cohort, we characterized epidemiologic profiles of SP subtypes, compared to conventional adenomas, with secondary analysis on early-onset polyps. Ninety-four thousand four hundred and twenty-seven patients underwent screening colonoscopies between 2010 and 2018. Demographic, endoscopic and histopathologic characteristics of each polyp subtype were described. High-risk polyps included SSLs ≥10 mm/with dysplasia and conventional adenomas ≥10 mm/with tubulovillous/villous histology/high-grade dysplasia. We examined polyp prevalence with age and compared early- (age < 50) and late-onset polyps (age ≥ 50). Eighteen thousand one hundred and twenty-five patients had SPs (4357 SSLs, 15 415 HPs, 120 TSAs) and 26 699 had conventional adenomas. High-risk SSLs were enriched in the ascending colon (44.1% vs 2.6-35.8% for other locations; P < .003). Early- and late-onset SPs had similar subsite distribution. Early-onset conventional adenomas were more enriched in the distal colon/rectum (51.8% vs 43.4%, P < .001). Multiple conventional adenomas were more represented in late-onset groups (40.8% vs 33.8%, P < .001), with no difference in SSLs. The prevalence of conventional adenomas/high-risk conventional adenomas increased continuously with age, whereas the prevalence of SSLs/high-risk SSLs was stable from age 40 years onwards. A higher proportion of women were diagnosed with early-onset than late-onset SSLs (62.9% vs 57.6%, P = .03). Conventional adenomas, SSLs, early- and late-onset polyps have distinct epidemiology. The findings have implications for improved colonoscopy screening and surveillance and understanding the etiologic heterogeneity of CRC.  相似文献   
3.
4.
IntroductionOur aim was to describe practices in multimodal pain management at US children's hospitals and evaluate the association between non-opioid pain management strategies and pediatric patient-reported outcomes (PROs).MethodsData were collected as part of the 18-hospital ENhanced Recovery In CHildren Undergoing Surgery (ENRICH-US) clinical trial. Non-opioid pain management strategies included use of preoperative and postoperative non-opioid analgesics, regional anesthetic blocks, and a biobehavioral intervention. PROs included perioperative nervousness, pain-related functional disability, health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Associations were analyzed using multinomial logistic regression models.ResultsAmong 186 patients, 62 (33%) received preoperative analgesics, 186 (100%) postoperative analgesics, 81 (44%) regional anesthetic block, and 135 (73%) used a biobehavioral intervention. Patients were less likely to report worsened as compared to stable nervousness following regional anesthetic block (relative risk ratio [RRR]:0.31, 95% confidence interval [CI]:0.11–0.85), use of a biobehavioral technique (RRR:0.26, 95% CI:0.10–0.70), and both in combination (RRR:0.08, 95% CI:0.02–0.34). There were no associations of non-opioid pain control modalities with pain-related functional disability or HRQoL.ConclusionUse of postoperative non-opioid analgesics have been largely adopted, while preoperative non-opioid analgesics and regional anesthetic blocks are used less frequently. Regional anesthetic blocks and biobehavioral interventions may mitigate postoperative nervousness in children.Level of evidenceIII.  相似文献   
5.
ObjectiveThe use of mechanical circulatory support (MCS) in lung transplantation has been steadily increasing over the prior decade, with evolving strategies for incorporating support in the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative settings. There is significant practice variability in the use of these techniques, however, and relatively limited data to help establish institutional protocols. The objective of the AATS Clinical Practice Standards Committee (CPSC) expert panel was to review the existing literature and establish recommendations about the use of MCS before, during, and after lung transplantation.MethodsThe AATS CPSC assembled an expert panel of 16 lung transplantation physicians who developed a consensus document of recommendations. The panel was broken into subgroups focused on preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative support, and each subgroup performed a focused literature review. These subgroups formulated recommendation statements for each subtopic, which were evaluated by the entire group. The statements were then developed via discussion among the panel and refined until consensus was achieved on each statement.ResultsThe expert panel achieved consensus on 36 recommendations for how and when to use MCS in lung transplantation. These recommendations included the use of veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) as a bridging strategy in the preoperative setting, a preference for central veno-arterial ECMO over traditional cardiopulmonary bypass during the transplantation procedure, and the benefit of supporting selected patients with MCS postoperatively.ConclusionsAchieving optimal results in lung transplantation requires the use of a wide range of strategies. MCS provides an important mechanism for helping these critically ill patients through the peritransplantation period. Despite the complex nature of the decision making process in the treatment of these patients, the expert panel was able to achieve consensus on 36 recommendations. These recommendations should provide guidance for professionals involved in the care of end-stage lung disease patients considered for transplantation.  相似文献   
6.
ObjectiveTo explore the effects of the levels of glutamine(Glx) and glutamate(Glu) on the early identification of neurobiochemical abnormalities in high-risk people with schizophrenia through Meta-analysis.  相似文献   
7.
认知障碍是指记忆、语言、理解和判断等一个或多个方面的功能障碍,包括轻度认知障碍和各种类型的痴呆症。痴呆症是认知障碍最严重的表现,是一种导致患者日常生活、社会交往和工作能力发生显著变化的综合征。阿尔茨海默病(AD)是最常见的痴呆症类型,其次是血管性痴呆(VD)和其他神经退行性痴呆[1]。已知年龄与认知功能的退化密切相关。  相似文献   
8.
目的:探讨早泄的类型和年龄因素与盐酸达泊西汀临床疗效的关系。方法:选取2018年10月至2020年1月在秦皇岛市第一医院生殖医学科男科门诊治疗的96例早泄患者作为研究对象。根据早泄的类型将患者分为原发组(原发性早泄)42例、继发组(继发性早泄)54例;再根据年龄将患者分为青年组(<35岁)46例、中年组(≥35岁)50例。各组患者均于性交前1~3 h给予盐酸达泊西汀30 mg,口服;所有患者均连续治疗2个月,停药1个月后随访。观察各组患者治疗前后阴道内射精潜伏期(IELT)、早泄诊断标准量表(PEDT)评分、早泄分析表(PEP)评分、临床疗效和复发情况。结果:(1)原发组、继发组患者治疗后和随访末期IELT、PEDT评分较治疗前有显著改善,且继发组患者治疗后和随访末期的IELT显著长于原发组,PEDT评分显著低于原发组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者治疗后和随访末期的各项PEP评分与治疗前比较,均有显著改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后和随访末期,继发组患者的射精控制能力和性生活满意度评分显著高于原发组,早泄相关苦恼、早泄对伴侣关系的影响评分显著低于原发组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(2)青年组、中年组患者治疗后和随访末期IELT、PEDT评分较治疗前有显著改善,青年组患者的IELT显著长于中年组,而PEDT评分显著低于中年组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者治疗后和随访末期的各项PEP评分与治疗前比较,均有显著改善,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,青年组患者的射精控制能力评分显著高于中年组,早泄相关苦恼及早泄对伴侣关系的影响评分显著低于中年组;随访末期,青年组患者的早泄相关苦恼及早泄对伴侣关系的影响评分显著低于中年组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(3)原发组、继发组患者的总有效率分别为71.43%(30/42)、88.89%(48/54),复发率分别为30.95%(13/42)、9.26%(5/54),21.42%(9/42)、7.41%(4/54)组间的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。青年组、中年组患者的总有效率分别为89.13%(41/46)、72.00%(36/50),组间的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);复发率分别为17.39%(8/46)、20.00%(10/50),组间的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:盐酸达泊西汀治疗继发性早泄的临床效果优于原发性早泄,治疗青年早泄患者的临床效果优于中年早泄患者。  相似文献   
9.
目的 基于文本挖掘技术和生物医学数据库对新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)相关文献进行数据挖掘分析,探究COVID-19及其主要症状发热、咳嗽、呼吸障碍相关基因靶点,筛选潜在有效的化学药和中药。方法 使用GenCLiP 3网站获取COVID-19和其主要症状咳嗽、发热、呼吸障碍共4个关键词的共有靶点,在METASCAPE数据库中对其进行基因本体(GO)和通路富集分析,再利用String数据库和Cytoscape软件构建共有靶点的蛋白质相互作用网络,筛选获得核心基因,运用DGIdb数据库、SymMap数据库针对核心基因进行中西医治疗药物预测。结果 获得COVID-19及其主要症状共有基因靶点28个,其中有IL2、IL1B、CCL2等核心基因16个,使用DGIdb数据库筛选获得与16个关键靶点相互作用的化学药包括沙利度胺、来氟米特、环孢素等28种,中药包括虎杖、黄芪、芦荟等70味。结论 COVID-19及其主要症状的病理机制可能和CD4、KNG1、VEGFA等28个共有基因相关,可能通过介导TNF、IL-17等信号通路参与COVID-19病理过程。潜在有效药物可能通过作用相关靶点通路起到治疗COVID-19的作用。  相似文献   
10.
郑茂  邹玉  王洁莹  况南珍  傅颖媛 《安徽医药》2022,26(11):2198-2202
目的探讨瑞香素(DAP)通过含半胱氨酸的天冬氨酸蛋白水解酶(caspase)通路对胶原诱导性关节炎(CIA)大鼠成纤维样滑膜细胞(FLS)增殖与凋亡的影响。方法体外培养 CIA-FLS,选取对数生长期细胞以不同浓度 DAP(0、5、10、20、40、80 mg/  相似文献   
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