Is the motor skills checklist appropriate for assessing children in Japan?

Purpose

Motor skill screening tools are essential for the early detection of developmental coordination disorder (DCD). The present study aimed to examine any cultural and rater effects on these tools. This then enabled us to judge the validity of the original cut-off values for identifying diagnosable children.

孤独症治疗评定量表中文版的信度和效度检验

目的 分析孤独症治疗评定量表（ATEC）中文版的信度和效度，并评价ATEC中文版评分与孤独症症状和发育水平的相关性。 方法 入组2016年6月-2018年12月在南京医科大学附属脑科医院就诊、符合《精神障碍诊断与统计手册(第5版)》（DSM-5）孤独症谱系障碍（ASD）诊断标准的77例儿童作为病例组，招募健康儿童71名作为对照组。采用ATEC中文版、孤独症行为量表（ABC）、儿童孤独症评定量表（CARS）、孤独症诊断访谈量表修订版（ADI-R）、Gesell发育量表评定病例组儿童的临床症状和发育水平；对照组儿童完成ATEC中文版评定。采用Cronbach’s α系数评估ATEC中文版的信度，采用ROC曲线评估其效度。 结果 ATEC中文版总量表及其各分量表的Cronbach’s α系数在0.750~0.787之间。ATEC中文版总量表及其分量表的敏感度在0.922~0.987之间，特异度在0.803~0.887之间，曲线下面积在0.924~0.972之间。ATEC中文版总评分与CARS和ABC总评分呈正相关（r=0.509、0.580，P均<0.01）；ATEC中文版的表达/语言/沟通、社交能力、感知/认知能力分量表评分与Gesell发育量表对应分量表的发育商均呈负相关（r=-0.677、-0.383、-0.332，P均<0.01）。 结论 ATEC中文版具有较高的信度和效度，且其评分能反映ASD症状的严重程度及患儿发育水平。     

The Seychelles Child Development Study of methyl mercury from fish consumption: analysis of subscales from the Child Behaviour Checklist at age 107 months in the main cohort

Methyl mercury (MeHg) is neurotoxic and all fish contain at least trace amounts. Consequently, prenatal or fetal exposure occurs when pregnant women consume fish and children are exposed postnatally when they breastfeed or consume fish. However, the level of exposure at which toxicity occurs is presently unknown. Since behavioural endpoints can be sensitive indicators of toxic exposure, we administered the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) to measure behaviour as part of a prospective, longitudinal, double blind study (n = 779) of prenatal MeHg exposure, the Seychelles Child Development Study (SCDS). The CBCL Total T score was a primary endpoint at 66 and 107 month evaluations of the cohort and showed no association with prenatal or postnatal MeHg exposure. This paper reports the results of a secondary analysis of the CBCL subscales to see if specific aspects of behaviour might show associations. The SCDS main cohort was enrolled in 1989-90 and evaluated on five occasions through 107 months of age. The child's primary caregiver completed the CBCL at the 107 month evaluation. Prenatal exposure was determined by measuring total mercury (THg) in maternal hair growing during pregnancy and recent postnatal exposure by analysing the child's hair taken at the 107 month evaluation. Analysis included linear and nonlinear multiple regression models. For prenatal MeHg exposure, the Social Problems subscale was significantly associated and the Somatic Complaints subscale was marginally associated. Both were beneficial associations. For postnatal exposure the Thought Problems subscale was associated in an adverse direction. This secondary analysis identified a small number of subtle beneficial and adverse associations with prenatal and postnatal MeHg exposure for specific CBCL subscales. These analyses provide no evidence for an adverse effect of prenatal exposure. The adverse postnatal association is difficult to interpret because we measured only recent (about one month) exposure and no adjustment was made for the multiplicity of endpoints.     

Alphabet Strategy for diabetes care: A multi-professional,evidence-based,outcome-directed approach to management

With the rising global prevalence in diabetes, healthcare systems are facing a growing challenge to provide efficient and effective diabetes care management in the face of spiralling treatment costs. Diabetes is a major cause of premature mortality and associated with devastating complications especially if managed poorly. Although diabetes care is improving in England and Wales, recent audit data suggests care remains imperfect with wide geographical variations in quality. Diabetes care is expensive with a sizeable amount of available expenditure used for treating the complications of diabetes. A target driven, long-term, multifactorial intervention in patients with type 2 diabetes has been shown to reduce mortality and morbidity. The alphabet strategy is a novel approach to effective diabetes care provision, aiming to address patient education and empowerment, provide consistent comprehensive care delivered in a timely fashion, and allowing multidisciplinary team work.     

成都市10至16岁双生子行为问题调查

目的了解10～16岁双生子儿童行为问题的流行病学特征,为双生子儿童行为问题的防治提供依据。方法采用多级随机抽样的方法在成都市随机选取64对10～16岁的双生子,使用Achenbach儿童行为量表评定其行为问题,估算双生子儿童行为问题的发生率及性别、卵型分布特征。结果 10～16岁双生子的行为问题发生率为6.25%,低于全国非双生子行为问题的流行病学调查结果(P=0.004 5);不同性别、不同卵性双生子之间行为问题发生率无统计学差异(P=0.891;P=0.258);在双生子儿童的行为问题中,以交往不良为主,占总行为问题的38.46%。结论 10～16岁双生子的行为问题发生率低于非双生子;在双生子儿童的行为问题中,以交往不良为主。     

Cognitive styles and psychological functioning in rural South African school students: Understanding influences for risk and resilience in the face of chronic adversity

Adverse childhood experiences can show lasting effects on physical and mental health. Major questions surround how children overcome adverse circumstances to prevent negative outcomes. A key factor determining resilience is likely to be cognitive interpretation (how children interpret the world around them). The cognitive interpretations of 1025 school children aged 10–12 years in a rural, socioeconomically disadvantaged area of South Africa were examined using the Cognitive Triad Inventory for Children (CTI-C). These were examined in relation to psychological functioning and perceptions of the school environment. Those with more positive cognitive interpretations had better psychological functioning on scales of depression, anxiety, somatization and sequelae of potentially traumatic events. Children with more negative cognitions viewed the school-environment more negatively. Children living in poverty in rural South Africa experience considerable adversity and those with negative cognitions are at risk for psychological problems. Targeting children's cognitive interpretations may be a possible area for intervention.