28例原发性卵黄囊瘤患者的CT表现分析

目的分析28例原发性卵黄囊瘤(YST)患者的CT表现。方法选择2015年2月至2019年12月收治的28例YST患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,8例YST患者入院后均予以CT检查,然后对患者的CT影像学特征和临床资料数据进行分析比较。结果本研究中28例YST患者肿瘤位于性腺的有17例(60.71%),其中位于睾丸、卵巢处的分别有7例、10例,占比分别为60.71%、41.18%,均为单侧发病;9例(39.29%)位于性腺外,其中位于骶尾部、前纵隔、阴道的分别有6例、2例、1例,占比分别为66.67%、22.22%、11.11%。CT检测可见肿瘤"浅分叶",且呈"椭网形",18例(64.29%)肿瘤边界较为清晰,9例(32.14%)呈"深分叶状"形态不规则;8例(28.57%)边界模糊,肿瘤大小分析可见,肿瘤位于前纵隔、卵巢的相对较大,位于阴道、睾丸、骶尾部的相对较小。28例YST患者中,单纯型21例YST(75.00%),混合型7例(25.00%)。结论原发性卵黄囊瘤进行CT检测尤为重要,其CT表现具有一定特征性,可为临床治疗提供一定的依据。     

Interval Estimations for Variance Components: A Review and Implementations

Abstract

Statistical methods are often required in the pharmaceutical industry to ensure that precision parameters of interest are kept within acceptable levels. For example, analytical methods are validated to determine whether the method is fit for its intended purpose before used in a decision process. In these cases, analytical methods are evaluated on the basis of precision parameters of interest. An analysis of variance approach based on a random effect model is commonly used for describing precision parameters. Bounds on precision parameters are needed to quantify the uncertainty present in the data. Several frequentist, fiducial, and Bayesian approaches have been used for constructing bounds on precision parameters. However, in some cases, there is no clear guidance on how to effectively apply some of these methods. Other recently proposed (and less known) methods have been reported to have very good statistical properties and are rarely, or to the best of our knowledge, never used in precision studies. We survey and compare methods for constructing confidence intervals of linear combinations of variance components in a balanced random effect model. We consider not only widely used traditional methods, but also those that are less well known. We further elucidate potential issues and provide general guidance on the construction of the confidence intervals. Finally, the methods are demonstrated with two examples from applications with similar kinds of data.     

2008～2014年广州市梅毒流行现状及防治策略探讨

目的:为了解广州市贯彻实施《中国预防控制梅毒规划(2010~2020)》的成效,为下一步更好的控制梅毒提供指导。方法:从中国疾病预防控制中心传染病网络直报系统下载2008~2014年广州市医疗机构网络直报的广州市常住人口梅毒病例,SPSS软件分析广州市各类型梅毒基本特征。结果:2014年,广州市梅毒、早期显性梅毒、胎传梅毒、三期梅毒报告发病率分别为54.0/10万、9.1/10万、32.0/10万、1.0/10万,2008年以来分别年均下降2.1%、10.2%、32.5%、0.3%;而2014年隐性梅毒报告发病率为42.2/10万,报告病例数为6 305例,2008年以来分别年均增长0.04%、5.8%。在五种监测的性传播疾病(STD)中,梅毒报告发病率已经降为第二位。病例构成比表明:2014年,早期显性梅毒、胎传梅毒病例构成比分别为16.8%、0.8%,2008年以来年均分别下降8.2%、24.8%,而三期梅毒、隐性梅毒构成比分别为1.8%、80.6%,2008年以来年均分别上升1.8%、3.5%。60岁以上离退休老年梅毒患者逐年上升。结论:过去的6年间,以隐性梅毒为主的广州市梅毒流行上升势头得到遏制,梅毒总体发病率已经退居STDs中第二位,继续落实梅毒综合防治策略、强化以隐性梅毒为主的梅毒疫情报告管理是广州市当前梅毒防治工作的主要任务。     

Characteristics and outcomes of women with adenocarcinoma versus squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva: A Japanese Gynecologic Oncology Group study

ObjectiveStudies on vulvar adenocarcinoma are lacking. Thus, we aimed to compare the characteristics and survival outcomes between vulvar adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).MethodsThis was a preplanned sub-analysis of a previously organized nationwide retrospective observational study in Japan conducted between 2001 and 2010 (JGOG-1075S). Surgically treated women with stage I-IV vulvar invasive adenocarcinoma were compared to those with SCC. Multivariable analysis was performed to identify patient and tumor characteristics related to adenocarcinoma. Inverse probability of treatment weighting was used to balance the background differences, and a Cox proportional hazards regression model was fitted to estimate the effect of the histological type on survival.ResultsForty-eight women with adenocarcinoma were compared with 537 women with SCC. On multivariable analysis, women with adenocarcinoma were younger (median age, 64.5 vs. 70 years, adjusted odds ratio [OR] per age 0.975, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.955–0.995, P = 0.016) and had higher positive surgical margin rates (31.2% vs. 18.4%, adjusted OR 2.376, 95% CI 1.188–4.754, P = 0.014) than those with SCC. However, according to the weighted model, the survival outcomes were comparable (hazard ratio for progression-free survival, 1.088, 95% CI 0.740–1.601, P = 0.667 and hazard ratio for overall survival, 1.008, 95% CI 0.646–1.573, P = 0.973). Similar associations were observed when the cohort was stratified by age (≤70 or >70 years), stage (I-II or III-IV), and surgical margin (negative or positive) (all, P > 0.05).ConclusionVulvar adenocarcinoma is characterized by a younger age at diagnosis and higher positive surgical margin rates than SCC, but the survival outcomes are comparable.     

急诊内科患者就诊疾病特点与去留处置分析

目的探讨我院急诊科患者的就诊疾病特点,分析其去留处置规律,总结经验,为提高医院管理、人才培养方向及急诊科医务人员的诊治水平提供数据支持。方法将2017年1月1日-2017年12月31日的患者资料按照患者年龄、性别、就诊时间、疾病症状或诊断、去留进行分类,并将数据通过EXCEL软件对结果进行汇总分析。结果27961例就诊患者中男女比例为1.14:1,男性占53.36%,女性占46.64%。急诊留观患者为15904例,占全部患者56.84%;急诊住院患者为9886例,占全部患者的35.36%;离院或转院患者为2071例,占全部患者的7.41%。结论应加强对疾病的健康宣教,可减少患病率,减轻急诊科医师接诊压力。合理分配医务人员和严格执行医院各种制度,可提高患者满意度和救治能力。为医院和急诊科建设与发展提供数据支持,便于确定医院建设重点和急诊科人才培养方向,提高急诊科医务人员的诊治水平。     

艾滋病合并肺结核中的CT影像学特征和诊断价值分析

目的探讨艾滋病合并肺结核患者行胸部CT检查的影像学特征及其在疾病诊断上的价值。方法选取本院在2018年3月至2019年4月诊治的40例艾滋病合并肺结核患者作为观察组,同时选择同期入院诊治40例单纯肺结核患者作为对照组。给予两组胸部CT检查,分析影像学特征,并探讨其诊断价值。结果与对照组比较,观察组淋巴结或胸膜受累所占比较明显更高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);与综合检查诊断结果比较,胸部CT检查继发性肺结核、血行播散型肺结核诊断准确率分别为96.55%、91.67%,漏诊2例(5.00%);艾滋病伴肺结核患者接受胸部CT检查时,影像学特征主要表现为双肺肺叶、肺段可见明显渗出性病变,肺内纤维索条影显示明显,同时还呈现明显空洞影、斑片状影,伴有明显腋窝、纵隔淋巴结肿大及心包、胸腔积液等情况。结论胸部CT检查方式用于艾滋病伴肺结核患者诊断,能够获得明显影像学特征,有助于诊断准确率提高。     

国医大师刘柏龄治疗脊髓型颈椎病用药规律探析＊

目的 挖掘、分析国医大师刘柏龄治疗脊髓型颈椎病的用药特点及组方规律。方法 收集120份符合纳入标准的刘柏龄教授治疗脊髓型颈椎病的验案，利用Epidata 3.0软件建立方药数据库，使用IBM SPSS Modeler 18.2软件中基于关联规则的Apriori算法，对处方中的中药及其分类的使用频次、中药之间的应用关系进行分析。结果 纳入处方共涉及中药104味，其中使用频次较高的中药依次为黄芪、当归、附子、丹参、赤芍等，用药以补虚药、活血化瘀药、祛风湿药、平肝息风药为主，辅以解表、温里、化湿等药。在关联规则集中，在支持度20%和置信度90%的情况下分析得到二阶、三阶和四阶关联规则，核心药物群包括黄芪、当归、赤芍、附子、红花、桃仁、鸡血藤、地龙、川芎等。结论 刘柏龄治疗脊髓型颈椎病用药具有补虚祛邪并重的鲜明特点，主要采取益气温里助阳、活血化瘀通络、补肾强骨、祛除风湿之邪的治疗原则。     

Gastrointestinal cancer characteristics in Lebanon

Background and study aimsGastrointestinal (GI) cancer is one of the top five common cancers in Lebanon. To implement a strategy for screening and early diagnosis through the initiation of prevention programs, a detailed study of GI cancers in Lebanon was conducted by focusing on the frequency and characteristics of each type.Patients and MethodsThis retrospective study was conducted in Lebanon between 2001 and 2015 and included patients diagnosed with different GI cancer types. Data were collected from the registry of the National Institute of Pathology (NIP). The frequency of each type was calculated according to sex, age at diagnosis, anatomic location, histological type, and stage.ResultsThe total number of patients diagnosed with GI cancers who had their histology done at the NIP between 2001 and 2015 was 5239. The sex (male/female) ratio was 1.016, with a mean age of 62.2 years. Colorectal cancer ranked first among GI cancers, with more than half of the cases (53.4%). More than 70% of the cases were located on the left side, followed by gastric (15.5%) and pancreatic (12.7%) cancers. Regarding gastric cancer, cardia became the dominant location. A shift from squamous cell carcinoma to adenocarcinoma in esophageal cancer was found during this period. Also, most GI cancers in Lebanon were diagnosed in the late stages.ConclusionThis study is the first to evaluate GI cancers in Lebanon, which will help in screening strategies and burden studies.