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目的 探讨壮族居民生命早期饥荒经历与成年后中心型肥胖的关系。方法 将1 279名在1959—1961年经历饥荒的研究对象分为未经历组(1963年之后出生)、胎儿期经历组(1959—1962年出生)、儿童期经历组(1949—1958年出生)、青春期经历组(1941—1948年出生),采用二分类logistic回归模型评估壮族居民生命早期饥荒暴露与成年后中心型肥胖的关系。结果 壮族居民成年后中心型肥胖的发生率为30.88%。与未经历暴露人群相比,胎儿期暴露(OR=3.527,95%CI:1.877~6.627)和儿童期暴露(OR=2.863,95%CI:1.3297~6.167)的壮族居民成年后中心型肥胖的风险较高。结论 壮族居民生命早期经历饥荒是成年后中心型肥胖的危险因素。经历饥荒的广西壮族居民,应关注中心型肥胖发生情况,预防其他相关慢性病。 相似文献
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目的了解重庆市某三甲医院消毒供应中心(CSSD)纯化水处理系统的细菌水平、消毒方法及效果。方法运用无菌技术采集重庆市某三甲医院CSSD不同时期的纯化水进行细菌培养,根据细菌培养、余氯、硬度检测结果对纯化水处理系统采取一系列措施以改善水质,并对各项措施的实施效果进行评价。结果该院CSSD纯化水存在细菌总数超标的情况,分别经过调整加盐量、更换水处理机耗材、安装含氯消毒剂加药装置并在水处理机制水时将5%84消毒液持续低流量泵入纯化水储水罐后,细菌总数明显降低,纯化水水质达标。结论该院纯化水存在细菌污染现象,医院应加强管理,CSSD需按时维护水处理设备,定期监测水质。 相似文献
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《Journal of Radiology Nursing》2022,41(3):166-169
PurposeIn 2018, The Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology (JVIR) updated its guidelines regarding periprocedural antibiotics. However, some institutions are slower to adopt these new guidelines. Additionally, antibiotic-resistant bacteria and sepsis are serious concerns due in part to incorrect usage of antibiotics. The purpose of this study is to assess institutional adherence to 2018 JVIR guidelines for the purpose of improving antibiotic stewardship.Materials and methodsA total of 800 cases over a 10-month time period were retrospectively identified and charted following the release of guidelines. Inclusion criteria for the study were adults aged 21 years or older undergoing mediport placement, tunneled central line (TCL) placement, nephrostomy tube exchange, percutaneous biliary drain, or cholecystostomy tube exchange. Exclusion criteria included immunocompromised and pregnant individuals as 2018 guidelines may not fit these patient populations. Guideline adherence for each procedure was recorded as a percentage; the timing of the antibiotic usage was also recorded and compared to the guidelines (within 60 minutes before incision).ResultsIn total, 49 mediport placements, 118 tunneled central line placements – 44 hemodialysis (HD) catheters and 74 nonhemodialysis (non-HD) catheters, 100 nephrostomy exchanges, and 82 biliary tube exchanges were included. Antibiotics were used in 83.6% (41/49) of mediport patients, 11.3% (5/44) of non-HD TCL patients, 20.5% (15/74) of HD TCL patients, 55% (55/100) nephrostomy tube changes, and 65.4% (55/84) of biliary or cholecystostomy tube exchanges. Out of those given prophylaxis, guideline-recommended antibiotics were used in 100% (41/41) of mediport, 100% (20/20) of TCL (both HD and non-HD catheters), 9% (5/55) of nephrostomy tube exchanges, and 1.8% (1/55) of biliary tube exchanges. Guideline-recommended timing was followed in 75.3% across all cases (ranging from 72.2% in mediports to 79.3% in biliary exchanges).ConclusionThis study of antibiotic practices at a single university-based academic institution revealed that antibiotic usage is not fully up to date with 2018 guidelines. For mediports, non-HD TCL placements, and nephrostomy tube exchanges, institutional changes should be made to reduce periprocedural antibiotic use, as antibiotics are no longer recommended for these procedures. For HD TCL and biliary exchanges, proper adherence to recommended prophylactic antibiotics should be followed. In addition, education about the correct antibiotic timing should be emphasized to increase compliance with guidelines. 相似文献
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《Obesity research & clinical practice》2022,16(6):457-463
BackgroundObesity in children contributes to higher risks of various chronic diseases in adulthood and the prevalence has increased worldwide including Japan.ObjectivesThis study aims to examine the association between sleep duration at night in children aged 2.5 years and the subsequent risk of obesity at age 5.5 years.MethodsThis study is embedded in the Longitudinal Survey on Babies Born in the 21st Century, which recruited families who had a child born in Japan in 2001. The multivariable logistic regression models were applied to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) of childhood obesity at 5.5 years, defined as percentage of overweight (POW) ≥ 20 % and body mass index (BMI) ≥ 95th percentile of this study population according to sleep duration at night collected at 2.5 years child age.ResultsAmong 25,378 children, 2.6 % and 3.7 % were obese at age 5.5 years defined by POW and BMI respectively. Compared with night sleep duration > 11 h/d, shorter sleep durations in 2.5 years-old children were associated with higher risk of obesity at 5.5 years; the multivariable ORs (95 %CI) were 1.05 (0.81–1.35), 1.23 (0.93–1.62) and 1.54 (1.04–2.31) for sleep duration 10, 9 and ≤ 8 h/d, respectively; p-trend = 0.03. The observed association differed according to the children (child’s sex, napping habits, and children frequently play at park), and family characteristics (mother’s age at delivery and mother’s level of education).ConclusionShort night sleep duration among girls aged 2.5 years was associated with risk of obesity at age 5.5 years, suggesting the importance of sufficient sleep duration at night for the prevention of obesity. 相似文献