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1.
《Indian heart journal》2022,74(4):307-313
ObjectivesFamily history is considered as an important predictor of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and diabetes. Available research findings suggest that family history of chronic diseases is associated with perceived risk of disease and adoption of healthy behaviours. We examined the association between family history of cardio-metabolic diseases (CMDs) and healthy behaviours among adults without self-reported CMDs.MethodsCross-sectional data of 12,484 adults, without self-reported CMDs, from the baseline survey of Centre for cArdiometabolic Risk Reduction in South-Asia (CARRS) cohort study were analysed.ResultsFamily history was positively associated with non-smoking and high fruits & vegetables consumption in the age group of 45–64 years and moderate to high physical activity in the age group ≥65 years after adjusting for sex, education, wealth index, city and body mass index.ConclusionsUnderstanding perceived risks and cultural or psychological factors related to family history through ethnographic studies may deepen understanding of these associations.  相似文献   
2.
The fatality risk–money tradeoff that is the value of a statistical life (VSL) may vary with the nature of the fatality event. While all fatalities involve loss of future life expectancy, the morbidity effects and their duration may differ. This article analyzes fatality risks accompanied by morbidity effects of different duration to disentangle the mortality and morbidity components of VSL using data from the Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries (CFOI). The VSL is comprised of the sum of the value of the fatality risk and the value of the morbidity risk. Labor market valuations of morbidity risks are positive, even for fatalities that are caused by traumatic injuries. The value of the fatality risk is the dominant component of VSL, rather than the value of the morbidity risk.  相似文献   
3.
目的了解山西省居民预期寿命水平,并探讨其影响因素。方法采用SAS13.0软件编制普查人口简略寿命表;用系统聚类法分析经济状况、卫生事业发展水平对居民预期寿命的影响。结果2010年山西省居民预期寿命为77.07岁,其中男性为75.02岁,女性为79.39岁,比2000年分别提高4.40岁、4.07岁和4.78岁,城镇居民预期寿命高于农村。2010年11个市居民预期寿命仍为太原市最高,晋城市最低。聚类分析结果显示,山西省经济及卫生事业发展越好的地区预期寿命越高。不同地理位置居民预期寿命有所差别,中部地区居民预期寿命较高。结论山西省居民预期寿命不断提高,社会经济、卫生事业发展水平以及自然环境因素是影响居民预期寿命的重要因素。  相似文献   
4.
目的了解沙头社区居民慢性非传染性疾病(简称慢性病)发生情况,为慢性病防治提供科学依据。方法对18岁以上常住居民进行普查:包括问卷调查、体格检查及化验检查。结果慢性病总患病率为39.24%,其中高血压16.59%,高血脂14.77%,糖尿病4.55%,肝吸虫病3.46%,关节炎3.45%,人群中慢性病知晓率、治疗率低。结论高血压、高血脂、糖尿病是三种最常见的慢性病,要定期筛查,早发现、早治疗,同时提高居民健康意识,建立健康生活方式。  相似文献   
5.

Aims

Despite advancements in the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes in the U.S., place-based disparities still exist. The purpose of this study is to determine place-based and other individual-level variations in diabetes-related hospital deaths.

Methods

A pooled cross-sectional study of the 2009–2015 National Inpatient Sample was conducted to examine the odds of a diabetes-related hospital death. The main predictors were rurality and census region. Individual-level socio-demographic factors were also examined.

Results

Approximately 1.5% (n?=?147,069) of diabetes-related hospitalizations resulted in death. In multivariable analysis, the odds of diabetes-related hospital deaths increased across the urban-rural continuum, except for large fringe metropolitan areas, with the highest odds of such deaths occurring among residents of micropolitan (OR?=?1.16, 95% C.I.?=?1.14, 1.18) and noncore areas (OR?=?1.21, 95% C.I.?=?1.19, 1.24). Compared to residents of the Northeast, residents in the South, West and Midwest regions were significantly more likely to experience a diabetes-related hospital death. Asian or Pacific Islanders, Medicaid-covered patients and the uninsured were also more likely to die during a diabetes-related hospitalization.

Conclusions

Place-based disparities in diabetes-related hospital deaths exist. Targeted focus should be placed on the control of diabetic complications in the South, West and Midwest census regions, and among rural residents.  相似文献   
6.
7.
Ethnic minorities experience multiple inequalities across different domains including health and tenure. Notwithstanding extensive research demonstrating a clear connection between tenure and health, the relationship between health, tenure and ethnicity is under-explored. In this paper, we examine ethnic inequalities in health and tenure in England using cross-sectional census microdata for 1991, 2001 and 2011. We find that ethnic inequalities in health persist over time while the relationship between health and tenure varies between ethnic groups. These results suggest that traditional explanations linking health and tenure are not sufficient to adequately capture the myriad experiences of different ethnic groups.  相似文献   
8.
目的:调查各级医疗机构中的医院感染管理水平和管理现状,指导卫生行政部门对各级医院的资源调配和资源配给,调整监管力度。方法:对我市医院采取现场检查及问卷调查,并进行统计分析。结果:我市现存的不同级别的基层医院医院感染管理现状存在着一定的差异。具体情况为三级医院的医院感染管理工作已经步入了常态化、标准化、规范化;二级医院和二级以下医院的感染管理等方面都存在着比较大的不完善和不合理之处。结论:卫生行政部门应该加大领导及监管力度,保证基层医院的医院感染管理制度和管理工作进一步完善和规范。  相似文献   
9.
Over more than a decade, specialist Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) schools or classes for children with autism have developed in the UK and Ireland. However, very little is known internationally about how ABA is defined in practice in school settings, the characteristics of children supported in ABA school settings, and the staffing structures used. To answer these questions, the focus of the present research was a nationwide census of ABA schools throughout the UK. As far as it was possible to ascertain, we achieved a 100% return rate. There were 14 ABA schools and classes throughout the UK, supporting 258 children with autism, and employing 382 staff that supported ABA teaching. The mean ratio for ABA staff to children was 1.4 staff members: 1 child (range 0.7:1-2:1). The majority of all staff members were graduates or had a higher academic qualification (67.7%). This census methodology, if repeated, may help to identify future trends and can provide a baseline for developments in ABA schools/classes in the UK.  相似文献   
10.
郭艳 《内蒙古中医药》2011,30(23):94+107-94,107
目的:探讨绵阳市涪城区农村妇女生殖系统常见病患病率,主要病种及相关因素。方法:由医务人员按照统一制定的生殖系统疾病调查问卷,询问每名普查对象,常规进行妇科检查及辅助检查。结果:对2010年涪城区育龄妇女62255例进行普查,患病人数16996例,患病率27.30%。妇女常见妇科病发病率,阴道炎占首位,其次是宫颈炎、尖锐湿疣;查出宫颈癌14例。36~45岁组的农村妇女生殖系统疾病检出率高于其他两个年龄组(P〈0.05)。通过logistic回归发现,影响生殖系统感染的影响因素有年龄、婚姻状况、是否参加妇科检查。结论:加强妇女保健知识的宣传力度,多学科协作,努力提高妇科病普查率,降低患病率。  相似文献   
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