Do patient characteristics,disease, or treatment explain social inequality in survival from colorectal cancer?

This paper investigates the association between individually measured socioeconomic status (SES) and all-cause survival in colorectal cancer patients, and explores whether factors related to the patient, the disease, or the surgical treatment mediate the observed social gradient.     

Expressed-emotion development and course of schizophrenic illness: considerations based on results of a CFI replication

This study examines the correlation between development of expressed emotion (EE) in relatives and course of illness of 99 DSM-III schizophrenic patients. Patients whose relatives were high EE at baseline and at the 2nd CFI approximately 20 months later had a poor prognosis at the very outset of the study and an unfavourable course of illness. They had a higher rehospitalisation rate, more symptoms, lower psychosocial assessment, and a poorer 2-year and even 8-year outcome. Patients from families with a fluctuating EE or a consistently low EE had better courses. Expessed emotion is therefore a valid predictor not only of symptomatic relapses, but also of other important aspects of schizophrenia. The connection between EE index and course of illness seerns not to be simply reactive or causal, but complex and non-uniform.     

基于复杂系统中因果关系的单细胞病理学

肿瘤是由肿瘤细胞和周围的微环境组成的复杂生态系统。在病理学上,肿瘤中细胞各异、分布和生理功能千差万别,并且受自身、周围环境和治疗的调节,自成复杂系统。单细胞分析技术为病理学复杂系统的研究提供了更多的信息。利用复杂系统中的因果判定方法,可以揭示单细胞的复杂的调节作用,以及不同类型的肿瘤细胞与患者治疗方案、治疗效果、疾病复发和生存时间的因果关系。     

效度概念新认识

本文主要讨论了效度概念的演变和存在的问题、效度概念新认识及如何寻找效度三个问题。效度概念的发展从内容效度、预测效度、构想效度和同时效度并存发展到现在由构想效度涵盖了其它所有效度。但一直以来,把效度概念作为一个法理学网络来理解,造成了我们对效度概念理解的很多误区。事实上效度概念是一种本体论的观点,重视现实参照并依据因果关系。我们应该通过建立一个理论假设、形成一个测验和确定测量的属性来寻找效度。     

Drug- and Herb-Induced Liver Injury in Clinical and Translational Hepatology: Causality Assessment Methods,Quo Vadis?

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) and herb-induced liver injury (HILI) are typical diseases of clinical and translational hepatology. Their diagnosis is complex and requires an experienced clinician to translate basic science into clinical judgment and identify a valid causality algorithm. To prospectively assess causality starting on the day DILI or HILI is suspected, the best approach for physicians is to use the Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences (CIOMS) scale in its original or preferably its updated version. The CIOMS scale is validated, liver-specific, structured, and quantitative, providing final causality grades based on scores of specific items for individual patients. These items include latency period, decline in liver values after treatment cessation, risk factors, co-medication, alternative diagnoses, hepatotoxicity track record of the suspected product, and unintentional re-exposure. Provided causality is established as probable or highly probable, data of the CIOMS scale with all individual items, a short clinical report, and complete raw data should be transmitted to the regulatory agencies, manufacturers, expert panels, and possibly to the scientific community for further refinement of the causality evaluation in a setting of retrospective expert opinion. Good-quality case data combined with thorough CIOMS-based assessment as a standardized approach should avert subsequent necessity for other complex causality assessment methods that may have inter-rater problems because of poor-quality data. In the future, the CIOMS scale will continue to be the preferred tool to assess causality of DILI and HILI cases and should be used consistently, both prospectively by physicians, and retrospectively for subsequent expert opinion if needed. For comparability and international harmonization, all parties assessing causality in DILI and HILI cases should attempt this standardized approach using the updated CIOMS scale.     

肺结核患者临床特征与外周血流式细胞亚群的相关性分析

目的 了解肺结核患者临床特征与外周血流式细胞亚群[T淋巴细胞亚群及自然杀伤 (NK)细胞]的相关性。方法 连续性收集2019年1月1日至5月25日期间同济大学附属上海市肺科医院肺结核住院患者1000例的临床资料进行回顾性分析。将患者各临床特征数据与外周血流式细胞亚群的检测值采用Eviews 8.0软件分别建立多元线性逐步回归模型,以明确各临床特征与外周血流式细胞亚群的检测值之间的相关性。结果 (1)肺结核患者的肺部病灶范围及呼吸道标本抗酸染色涂片结果与CD3⁺T细胞表达有关:肺部病灶范围越大、呼吸道标本抗酸染色涂片阳性程度越高,CD3⁺ T细胞数量越低(回归系数分别为-0.255、-0.499, P值分别为0.021、0.027)。(2)患者的年龄、性别、结核分子生物学检测结果与CD4⁺ T细胞表达有关: 0~<20岁年龄段患者CD4⁺ T细胞数量低于其他年龄段患者(回归系数-4.710,P=0.031);男性CD4⁺ T细胞数量低于女性患者(回归系数-2.150, P=0.001);分子生物学检测阳性的患者CD4⁺ T细胞数量高于检测阴性的患者(回归系数1.433, P=0.030)。(3)初治患者CD8⁺ T细胞数量高于复治患者(回归系数1.247, P=0.029);呼吸道标本抗酸染色涂片阳性程度越高CD8⁺ T细胞数量越高(回归系数0.442, P=0.033)。(4)并发肺外结核者的NK细胞低于未并发肺外结核者(回归系数0.375, P=0.030)。结论 肺结核患者的肺部病灶累及范围、呼吸道标本抗酸染色阳性与外周血流式细胞亚群CD3⁺ T细胞具有相关性;年龄、性别、结核分子生物学检测结果与CD4⁺ T细胞具有相关性;是否初治、呼吸道标本抗酸染色阳性与CD8⁺ T细胞具有相关性;是否并发肺外结核与NK细胞表达水平具有相关性。     

原发性开角性青光眼与高度近视的相关性

目的 探索原发性开角性青光眼(POGA)与高度近视患者的临床特点及其相关性。 方法 回顾性分析57例(98眼)POGA和59例(97眼)非POGA患者的近视状况及其相关性。比较两组患者的近视率和在不同视力的情况下患者眼底4个象限平均光敏感度。 结果 两组高度近视、中低度近视和正常视力情况的分布差异有统计学意义(Z=-5.424,P<0.001); POGA组近视率(77.56%)明显高于非POAG组(63.92%),组间差异有统计学意义(χ²=4.380,P<0.05)。POAG组的高度近视率(25.51%)明显高于非POAG组(9.28%),组间差异有统计学意义(χ²=8.922,P<0.05)。在不同视力水平的情况下,POAG组患者眼底4个象限平均光敏感度均差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。POAG组中,高度近视和中低度近视患者的眼压与角膜厚度和眼轴长度之间存在显著的相关关系(r₁=0.262、0.224;r₂=0.183、0.167;均P<0.05);非POAG组中,高度近视患者的眼压与角膜厚度和眼轴长度之间存在显著的相关关系(r₁=0.206;r₂=0.135;均P<0.05)。 结论 POGA与高度近视具有较高的相关性,POAG患者同时伴有高度近视的发生率较高。