Does hot weather affect work-related injury? A case-crossover study in Guangzhou,China

Background

Despite increasing concerns about the health effects of climate change, the extent to which workers are affected by hot weather is not well documented. This study aims to investigate the association between high temperatures and work-related injuries using data from a large subtropical city in China.

太原市儿童急性呼吸系统症状与大气中颗粒物等环境因素的关系

目的探讨空气污染与儿童呼吸系统症状的关系。方法于2005年应用病例交叉设计对太原市254名7～11岁儿童呼吸系统症状与大气中PM10浓度等相关环境因素进行相关分析。结果儿童呼吸系统症状发生2、3d前空气中PM10浓度每增加10μg/m3,儿童咳嗽的概率分别增加0.070、0.175倍;咽痛增加0.160、0.212倍。症状发生3d前空气中PM10浓度每增加10μg/m3,流涕发生的概率增加0.085倍;发生鼻塞的概率增加0.11倍。症状发生3d前平均风速每增加10m/s,患鼻塞概率增加0.098倍。结论儿童呼吸系统症状(咳嗽、流涕、鼻塞和咽痛)发生率的增加与大气中PM10浓度的上升有关联。     

太原市空气污染对早产的急性影响

目的探讨太原市空气污染对早产的急性影响。方法通过太原市出生监测系统收集2005年11月1日—2007年1月7日期间太原市早产儿资料,从山西省气象局获得气象资料(平均温度、相对湿度),大气污染资料(PM10、SO2、NO2)来源于太原市环境保护监测站。应用病例交叉设计和SAS 9.0中的条件Logistic回归模型对太原市空气污染与早产发生之间的联系进行分析,并调整气象因素的混杂影响。结果PM10较强效应期滞后5 d及滞后6 d,SO2较强效应期为滞后7 d及累积8 d。当PM10、SO2浓度每升高50μg/m3时,PM10滞后5 d、滞后6 d的OR值分别为1.169(95%CI:1.058～1.292),1.235(95%CI:1.115～1.367)。SO2滞后7 d、累积8 d的OR值分别为1.346(95%CI:1.122～1.616),2.203(95%CI:1.517～3.201)。敏感性分析表明,PM10对早产的滞后效应稳健,SO2对早产的累积效应较稳健。结论太原市空气污染物对早产发生有急性效应。     

Air pollution and hospital admissions for cardiovascular disease in Taipei, Taiwan

This study was undertaken to determine whether there is an association between air pollutants levels and hospital admissions for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in Taipei, Taiwan. Hospital admissions for CVD and ambient air pollution data for Taipei were obtained for the period 1997-2001. The relative risk of hospital admission was estimated using a case-crossover approach, controlling for weather variables, day of the week, seasonality, and long-term time trends. For the one-pollutant models, on warm days (>or=20 degrees C) statistically significant positive associations were found between levels of particulate matter <10-microm aerodynamic diameter (PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and ozone (O3). On cool days (<20 degrees C), all pollutants except O3 and SO2 were significantly associated with CVD admissions. For the two-pollutant models, CO, NO2, and O3 were significant in combination with each of the other four pollutants on warm days. On cool days, PM10 remained statistically significant in all the two-pollutant models. This study provides evidence that higher levels of ambient pollutants increase the risk of hospital admissions for CVD.     

气温变化与心脑血管疾病急诊关系的病例交叉研究

目的 探讨北京市日平均气温与心脑血管疾病急诊(ICD-10:I00～I99)的关系,研究气温变化对心脑血管疾病的影响.方法 收集北京大学第三医院急诊科心脑血管疾病急诊资料、北京市气象资料和北京市大气污染物数据,应用时间分层的病例交叉设计研究方法分析春季(3-5月)、夏季(6-8月)、秋季(9-11月)、冬季(12-2月)日平均气温与心脑血管疾病急诊的关系.结果 在控制二氧化硫(SO2)、二氧化氮(NO2)及大气可吸入颗粒物(PM10)影响的情况下,春季、夏季、秋季、冬季当日平均气温对心脑血管疾病急诊的影响最大,平均气温每升高1℃与心脑血管疾病急诊的OR值分别为1.282(95%CI:1.250 ～1.315)、1.027(95% CI:1.001～1.055)、0.661(95% CI:0.637～0.687)、0.960(95%CI:0.937～0.984),关联有统计学意义(P<0.05).当同时调整相对湿度、风速、大气压强的影响时,春季、夏季、秋季、冬季平均气温与心脑血管疾病急诊的OR值分别为1.423(95%CI:1.377～1.471)、1.082(95%CI:1.041～1.124)、0.633(95%CI:0.607～0.660)、0.971(95%CI:0.944～1.000).关联有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 春季、夏季日平均气温升高可以导致心脑血管疾病急诊人次增加,说明春夏季气温升高对心脑血管疾病患者是危险因素,应注意防暑;秋季、冬季气温升高可以导致心脑血管疾病急诊减少,说明秋冬季气温升高对心脑血管疾病患者是保护性因素,应注意保暖.     

Associations between outdoor air pollution and emergency department visits for stroke in Edmonton, Canada

Inconsistent results have been obtained from studies that have examined the relationship between air pollution and hospital visits for stroke. We undertook a time-stratified case-crossover study to evaluate associations between outdoor air pollution and emergency department visits for stroke among the elderly according to stroke type, season, and sex. Analyses are based on a total of 12,422 stroke visits among those 65 years of age and older in Edmonton, Canada between April 1, 1992 and March 31, 2002. Daily air pollution levels for SO₂, NO₂, PM_2.5, PM₁₀, CO and O₃ were estimated using data from fixed-site monitoring stations. Particulate matter data were only available from 1998 onwards. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals in relation to an increase in the interquartile range (IQR) of each pollutant. ORs were adjusted for the effects of temperature and relative humidity. We found no association between outdoor measures of air pollution and all stroke visits. In contrast, elevated risks were observed between levels of air pollution and acute ischemic stroke between April and September. During this season, the ORs associated with an increase in the IQR of the 3-day average for CO and NO₂ were 1.32 (95% CI = 1.09–1.60) and 1.26 (95% CI = 1.09–1.46), respectively. CO exposures in the same season, lagged 1 day, were associated with an increased risk of hemorrhagic stroke with ORs was 1.20 (95% CI = 1.00–1.43). Our results suggest it is possible that vehicular traffic, which produces increased levels of NO₂ and CO, contributes to an increased incidence of emergency department visits for stroke.     

A population-based case-crossover study of polyethylene glycol use and acute renal failure risk in the elderly

AIM:To evaluate the possibility of an association between polyethylene glycol(PEG) and acute renal failure(ARF) in elderly patients using a health insurance claims database.METHODS:We conducted a population-based casecrossover study using information obtained from Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service(HIRA) claims from January 1,2005 to December 31,2005(Seoul,Korea).The study population consisted of elderly patients who received PEG prior to experiencing their first ARF-related hospitalizati...     

热带气旋与医院门诊呼吸系统疾病日就诊量的病例交叉研究

目的 探讨2012~2013年浙江省沿海地区热带气旋对医院门诊呼吸系统疾病日就诊量的影响。 方法 使用时间分层的病例交叉研究,控制气象因素的混杂作用,以Poisson回归模型分析浙江省苍南县2012~2013年夏季(7~10月)热带气旋与医院门诊呼吸系统疾病日就诊量的关系,并按性别、年龄进行分层分析。 结果 在热带气旋影响期,全人群、男性和女性的呼吸系统疾病发病风险均上升,分别在滞后第3、4、6天达到最大值。<15岁人群呼吸系统疾病发病风险上升,在滞后第6天达到最大值(RR=1.298, 95%CI:1.016~1.658)。热带气旋对15~65岁人群及>65岁人群的呼吸系统疾病发病影响无统计学意义(P>0.05)。 结论 热带气旋可增加呼吸系统疾病的发病风险且存在滞后效应,<15岁人群为易感人群。     

Association of ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes hospital admission with extreme temperature in Nanchang,China—A case-crossover study

Despite consistent evidence of a higher short-term risk of stroke mortality associated with ambient temperature, there are no findings on the association between extreme temperature and stroke. A total of 16,264 stroke hospital admissions were observed in three hospitals of Nanchang between 2008 and 2015. The case-crossover design was utilized for our study. Conditional logistic regression models were used to calculate the odds ratios. Extreme high temperature exposure during the 3 days before the stroke was associated with both ischemic (OR = 1.18; 95% CI: 1.07–1.36) and hemorrhagic stroke admissions (OR = 1.34; 95% CI: 1.26–1.42) as compared to 3-day control periods (1–3 days last week before the onset of stroke). Extreme low temperature was associated with hemorrhagic stroke admission (OR = 1.42; 95% CI: 1.28–1.58) but not ischemic stroke (OR = 1.06; 95% CI: 0.93–1.13). This study suggests that extreme high temperature might be a risk factor for both hemorrhagic and ischemic strokes, and that extreme low temperature might be a risk factor of hemorrhagic stroke. Further studies are necessary in order to clarify this relationship and provide evidence for stroke prevention.