饮茶与牙龈癌发病关系的病例对照研究

 目的 探讨饮茶对牙龈癌发病的影响。方法 采用病例对照的研究方法，病例组为2010年12月—2016年3月经病理确诊的牙龈癌新发病例121例，同期经性别、年龄成组匹配，选取医院体检人群及社区健康人群363例作对照。应用非条件Logistic回归模型计算饮茶及其相关变量与牙龈癌发病风险的调整比值比（OR）及其95％置信区间（CI）并进行相乘交互作用分析。结果 饮茶可降低牙龈癌的发病风险（OR=0.51, 95%CI: 0.29~0.90）；进一步分析发现随着每日饮茶量的增加、饮茶年限的延长，牙龈癌的发病风险也随之降低（均P_trend<0.05）；此外饮茶年龄≥25岁、饮茶浓度适中、饮温茶以及饮绿茶和乌龙茶也可降低牙龈癌的发病风险。分层分析结果发现与吸烟者相比，在非吸烟者中饮茶的保护作用更加显著（OR=0.40, 95%CI:0.17~0.96），在非饮酒和饮酒者中饮茶的保护作用差异则没有统计学意义。交互作用结果并未发现吸烟与饮茶，饮酒与饮茶之间存在相乘交互作用。结论 饮茶是牙龈癌发病的保护因素，且每日饮茶量、饮茶年限与牙龈癌发病风险之间呈剂量反应关系。     

胃食管反流病与喉癌关系的 Meta 分析

目的：用 Meta 分析方法评价胃食管反流病与喉癌之间的关系。方法计算机检索 Pubmed、Embase、Web of Knowledge、CBM 和 CNKI 数据库，文献检索起至时间从建库到2015年5月止，收集公开发表的所有关于胃食管反流病与喉癌关系的病例对照研究，按纳入和排除标准筛选文献并评价纳入研究质量，应用 RevMan 5．3和Stata13．1软件进行 Meta 分析，根据异质性检验结果选择模型并合并效应量 OR 值，并评价发表偏倚和敏感性分析。结果共纳入13个病例对照研究，Meta 分析结果显示，喉癌组胃食管反流病的阳性率显著高于对照组[OR ＝2．68，95％CI（1．94，3．70），P ＜0．00001]。结论胃食管反流病可能是喉癌发生的一种危险因素。但是，考虑到研究间的异质性，还需设计更好的研究来进一步证明本 Meta 分析结论。     

被动吸烟与舌癌的病例对照研究

目的 探讨被动吸烟与舌癌发病的关系.方法 采用病例对照研究方法,收集2010年9月～2015年1月经病理确诊的舌癌新发病例190例,并选取同期686例社区健康人群作为对照.应用非条件Logistic回归模型估算仅18岁前、仅18岁后、18岁前后均被动吸烟与舌癌发病风险的调整OR(95％ CI)值,并进一步对性别、年龄进行分层分析.结果 与无被动吸烟者相比,仅18岁前被动吸烟可增加舌癌的发病风险为2.813(OR =2.813,95％ CI:1.581～5.005),仅18岁后被动吸烟可增加舌癌的发病风险为1.666(OR=1.666,95％ CI:1.055～2.631);18岁前后均被动吸烟可增加舌癌的发病风险为2.690(OR=2.690,95％CI:1.674 ～4.322).而且每日暴露时间越长、开始暴露年龄越小、被动吸烟年限越长,患舌癌的危险性就越大(均有P趋势＜0.05).分层分析结果显示在被动吸烟人群中,女性或年龄≥60岁者比男性或年龄＜60岁者患舌癌的风险更高.结论 被动吸烟是舌癌发病的危险因素,减少被动吸烟可在一定程度上降低舌癌的发生.     

CNTNAP2基因与汉族儿童孤独症的病例对照研究

目的：探讨CNTNAP2基因的3个单核苷酸多态性（SNPs）位点rs10244837、rs7794745、rs10500171与汉族儿童孤独症之间的相关性。方法：应用聚合酶链式反应-限制性片段长度多态性（PCR-RFLP）方法对汉族儿童孤独症患者及对照的rs10244837、rs7794745、rs10500171位点进行的基因分型，对所获分型数据进行病例对照关联分析。结果：孤独症病例和对照的CNTNAP2基因的3个SNPs的基因型频率分布均未偏离哈德温伯格平衡（P>0.05）；CNTNAP2基因的rs10244837、rs7794745、rs10500171位点的基因型频率和单体型频率在病例与对照间比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：CNTNAP2基因的rs10244837、rs7794745、rs10500171位点的单核苷酸多态性及其单体型与儿童孤独症不相关。     

美沙酮维持治疗门诊受治者治疗依从性的病例对照研究

目的分析影响美沙酮维持治疗（MMT）依从性的因素。方法采用病例对照研究方法,以MMT依从性较差者为病例组,依从性较好者为对照组,应用复合性国际诊断访谈问卷（CIDI-3.0）、Beck抑郁问卷（BDI）、社会支持评定量表（SSRS）等,对昆明市9个MMT门诊符合条件的受治者进行调查。结果病例组156人,对照组270人。单因素分析显示,婚姻状况（P〈0.05）、职业情况（P〈0.05）、现住址居住时间（P〈0.05）、偷吸毒品（P〈0.05）为治疗依从性的影响因素。多因素非条件Logistic回归分析显示,无职业[比值比（OR）=2.610,95%可信区间（CI）：1.378-3.983]、偷吸海洛因（OR=3.468,95%CI：2.084-5.769）、重度抑郁终身患病率（OR=4.276,95%CI：1.222-14.961）,自我讨厌感：对自己丧失信心（OR=1.164,95%CI：1.066-2.817）、对自己失望（OR=1.882,95%CI：1.300-3.323）,丧失兴趣：兴趣比以往减少（OR=1.709,95%CI：1.093-2.673）、丧失大部分兴趣（OR=2.895,95%CI：1.448-5.778）为治疗依从性差的危险因素。结论美沙酮维持治疗门诊治疗依从性好的受治者中,有自杀意念的比例较高,无职业、偷吸海洛因、重度抑郁终身患病率、自我讨厌感、丧失兴趣可能为治疗依从性的危险因素。     

DNMT3a基因突变与成人原发急性髓系白血病患者初诊时外周血象水平关系的Meta分析

目的系统评价DNMT3a基因突变与成人原发急性髓系白血病(AML)患者初诊时外周血象水平的关系。方法计算机检索PubMed、ScienceDirect、EBSCO、Web of Science、CNKI、VIP和WanFang Data数据库,纳入国内外公开发表的研究DNMT3a与成人原发AML患者初诊时外周血象水平相关性的病例-对照研究,检索年限均为从建库至2012年12月30日。由2位研究者根据纳入与排除标准独立筛选文献、提取资料并评价质量后,采用RevMan 5.2软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入10个研究,合计2704例患者。Meta分析结果显示:成人原发AML患者DNMT3a突变组初诊时的外周血WBC、HGB、PLT数值均较DNMT3a未突变组高,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论成人原发AML患者中DNMT3a突变组初诊时的外周血象水平较DNMT3a未突变组高,这有助于我们更好地理解DNMT3a基因在AML发生发展中的作用。     

学生心理障碍影响因素Logistic回归分析

目的:探讨学生心理障碍的影响因素,为今后的干预提供科学依据。方法:应用SCL-90自评量表测评分析,采用1:2配比病例对照研究,对学生进行心理调查及艾森克人格(EPQ)问卷。结果:心理障碍组学生SCL-90各因子均分离于正常组,经Logistic回归分析,单因素分析选出9项因子(P<0.05),多因素分析有4项因素进入回归模型。结论:学生心理障碍与学生同家庭成员关系,父亲理解的程度,对学习的要求程度以及人格特征和个性特质有关。     

宁波市鄞县农村2型糖尿病危险因素病例对照研究

目的探索农村2型糖尿病的危险因素,为预防控制提供依据.方法采用成组病例对照研究方法,选择2型糖尿病病例238例,对照3866例,运用多因素Logistic回归分析.结果年龄、性别、超重(肥胖)、既往高血压病史、直系亲属糖尿病史、水果摄入多等进入主效应模型,OR值分别为1.22、1.36、2.18、1.56、2.51和0.64.结论超重(肥胖)、既往高血压史、直系亲属糖尿病史是主要的危险因素,水果摄入多是保护因素.     

Driver Sleepiness and Risk of Car Crashes in Shenyang, a Chinese Northeastern City： Population-based Case-control Study

Objective To estimate the association of driver sleepiness with the risk of car crashes. Methods A population-based case-control study was conducted in Shenyang, a northeastern city in China, between November 2001 and July 2002. The case group comprised 406 car drivers involved in crashes, and 438 car drivers recruited at randomly selected sites, and on the day of week, and the time of day when they were driving on highways in the study region during the study period were used as control groups. Face-to-face interviews with drivers were conducted according to a well-structured questionnaire covering the circumstances of their current trip and their background information. Stanford sleepiness scale and Epworth sleepiness scale were used to quantify acute sleepiness and chronic sleepiness respectively. Results There was a strong association between chronic sleepiness and the risk of car crash. Significantly increased risk of crash was associated with drivers who identified themselves as sleepy (Epworth sl     

Soft Drink and Milk Consumption,Physical Activity,Bone Mass,and Upper Limb Fractures in Children: A Population-Based Case-Control Study

Carbonated beverages have been reported to increase fracture risk in children but the mechanism is unclear. The aim of this population-based case-control study was to investigate the association between soft drink and milk consumption, physical activity, bone mass, and upper limb fractures in children aged 9–16 years. A total of 206 fracture cases and 206 randomly selected individually matched controls were studied. There were 47 hand fractures; 128 wrist and forearm fractures, and 31 upper arm fractures. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was utilized to retrospectively assess last-year physical activity (including television, computer, and video watching) and to recall the average weekly consumption of milk, colas, and total carbonated drinks. Bone mass at the spine, hip, and total body was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and metacarpal morphometry. For total fractures, none of the above drink types was significantly different between cases and controls. For wrist and forearm fractures, there was a positive association between cola drink consumption and fracture risk (OR 1.39/unit, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.91). Cola consumption was significantly correlated with television, computer, and video watching (r = 0.20, P = 0.001) but not bone mineral density or milk drinks. After adjustment for television, computer, and video watching and bone mineral density, the association between cola drinks and fracture risk became nonsignificant (OR 1.31/unit, 95% CI: 0.94, 1.83). No association with other fracture sites was observed. In conclusion, cola, but not total carbonated beverage consumption, is associated with increased wrist and forearm fracture risk in children. However, this association is not independent of other factors and appears to be mediated by television watching and bone mineral density but not by decreased milk intake.