DExD/H-box家族蛋白在肿瘤中的研究进展

人类DExD/H-box家族蛋白是一种重要的RNA解旋酶,在RNA的加工过程中发挥重要的作用,其生物学特点与功能有待深入研究.随着对RNA在生命进程中作用的研究,发现DExD/H-box家族蛋白作为一种重要的RNA解旋酶几乎涉及RNA生命进程(包括pre-mRNA剪接、核糖体生物合成、基因转录等)中的所有环节.近年来该家族在恶性肿瘤中的作用备受关注,研究发现其在肿瘤的发生发展中起重要作用.本文将对该家族蛋白在恶性肿瘤中的研究进展进行概述.     

Multiparametric-MRI as a comprehensive study in evaluation,characterization & local staging of urinary bladder carcinomas

Objectives

To evaluate role of multiparametric-MRI as comprehensive technique for determining local staging of UB cancer and predicting histological grading of lymphadenopathy.

Predictive models in cancer management: A guide for clinicians

Background

Predictive tools in cancer management are used to predict different outcomes including survival probability or risk of recurrence. The uptake of these tools by clinicians involved in cancer management has not been as common as other clinical tools, which may be due to the complexity of some of these tools or a lack of understanding of how they can aid decision-making in particular clinical situations.

肥大细胞与肿瘤关系的研究进展

肥大细胞普遍存在于含有血管的组织中,它通常因在过敏性疾病和IgE相关的过敏反应中发挥的重要作用而为人们所知,然而大量的研究表明,肥大细胞还参与了许多其他疾病的发生发展,例如在肿瘤生物学中肥大细胞就扮演着具有特殊意义的角色.在促进肿瘤生长方面,肥大细胞对肿瘤的血管生成、组织重塑等方面具有正面的影响,而在抑制肿瘤生长方面,肥大细胞则通过对肿瘤的免疫应答而产生负面的效应,因此肥大细胞的作用仍旧备受争议.因而研究肥大细胞对肿瘤生长的促进与抑制等几个方面的机制具有重要意义.     

唑来膦酸联合89 S r治疗恶性肿瘤晚期多发骨转移的疗效观察

目的 探讨恶性肿瘤晚期多发骨转移患者采用唑来膦酸联合89 Sr治疗的临床疗效.方法 将90例恶性肿瘤晚期多发骨转移患者,按照随机抛硬币法将其分组为对照组(唑来膦酸静脉滴注)与观察组(唑来膦酸静脉滴注联合89 Sr静脉注射),各45例.采用疼痛视觉模拟法(VAS)评价两组患者治疗前、后疼痛情况,通过问卷调查表调查两组患者治疗前、后生活质量改善情况,统计两组临床疗效及不良反应.结果 治疗后,两组患者VAS评分及生活质量各项指标均较治疗前明显改善,而观察组各项指标改善程度优于对照组,P<0.05.观察组治疗临床有效率为84.4%,明显高于对照组(66.7%),P<0.05;两组患者不良反应率比较,P>0.05.结论 唑来膦酸联合89 Sr治疗恶性肿瘤晚期多发骨转移可缓解患者疼痛,提高临床治疗效果,改善其生活质量,同时不会增加治疗期间所产生的不良反应,因此值得深入研究以利于其推广应用.     

Spindle Assembly Checkpoint as a Potential Target in Colorectal Cancer: Current Status and Future Perspectives

Colorectal cancer (CRC), one of the most common malignancies worldwide, is often diagnosed at an advanced stage, and resistance to chemotherapeutic and existing targeted therapy is a major obstacle to its successful treatment. New targets that offer alternative clinical options are therefore urgently needed. Recently, perturbation of the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), the surveillance mechanism that maintains anaphase inhibition until all chromosomes reach the metaphase plate, has been regarded as a promising target to fight cancer cells, either alone or in combination regimens. Consistent with this strategy, many cancers, including CRC, exhibit altered expression of SAC genes. In this article, we review our current knowledge on SAC activity status in CRC, and on current anti-CRC strategies and future therapeutic perspectives on the basis of SAC targeting experiments in vitro and in animal models.     

Mesorectal Invasion Depth in Rectal Carcinoma Is Associated With Low Survival

Background

Most cases of rectal cancer (RC) in our institution are in pathologic stage T3. They are a heterogeneous group but have been classified in a single-stage category. We performed the present study to validate the prognostic significance of the mesorectal extension depth (MED) in T3 RC measured in millimeters beyond the muscularis propria plane.

P21活化蛋白激酶家族的研究进展

P21活化蛋白激酶家族(P21-activated kinases,Paks)是一类保守的非受体丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶,是Rho GTP酶Cdc42和Rac的效应蛋白,其作为多种致癌性信号通路下游节点,连接多个信号转导途径,不仅对正常细胞的存活和功能至关重要,而且在肿瘤细胞的侵袭和转移以及细胞存活等方面也起到关键作用.该文从Paks的结构开始,对Paks的一系列生物学功能作一简要综述.     

细胞角蛋白7的表达在肿瘤及炎症中的意义

细胞角蛋白(Krt)作为一种中间丝,存在于所有的上皮细胞及部分非上皮细胞.主要作用是维持上皮细胞的机械稳定性和完整性.近年来细胞角蛋白的研究集中在肿瘤的诊断方面,即利用细胞角蛋白在上皮细胞表达的特异性,通过免疫组化技术,运用单克隆抗体进行比对分析,来确定肿瘤的分类、分型或者来源.其中Krt7是一个代表.探讨Krt7的作用,在上皮肿瘤中的分布,以及与细胞角蛋白20(Krt20)在上皮肿瘤中的联合表达情况,对肿瘤的诊断、转移性与原发肿瘤的鉴别等有重要意义.除此之外,Krt7还是一个炎性指标,发挥信号转导中的作用,参与炎症的发生发展,其表达也有利于对某些疾病早期及预后进行监测.