生脉养心颗粒对老年人心功能干预的临床观察

目的:通过对生脉养心颗粒的临床观察,探讨生脉养心颗粒治疗老年慢性心力衰竭(Chronic Heart Failure,CHF)患者的治疗效果,并预测其远期临床获益。方法:将120例中医辨证分型为气阴两虚型的老年慢性心力衰竭患者随机分为两组,治疗组60例,对照组60例。对照组给予单纯的常规西药治疗,治疗组在常规西药治疗的基础上加用生脉养心颗粒治疗,两组治疗时间均为24个月。观察两组患者临床疗效,检测用药不同时间(分别于第3、12、24个月末)治疗前后B型脑钠肽(BNP)、左室射血分数(Left Ventricular Ejection Fracfion,LVEF)、6分钟步行试验(6-minute walk Test,6MWT)等疗效指标的变化,并且随访两组患者再入院率与病死率。结果:24个月后治疗组总有效率为86.7%(52/60),优于对照组的68.3%(41/60),两组差异比较有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后两组BNP、LVEF、6MWT较治疗前均有明显改善(P<0.01)。组间比较:治疗3、12、24个月后BNP比较,治疗组优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)或(P<0.05)。治疗3个月后LVEF比较,两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗12、24个月后,治疗组LVEF优于对照组,两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗3、12、24个月后,治疗组6MWT优于对照组,比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。随访2年,治疗组的再入院率和病死率显著低于对照组,组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:生脉养心颗粒能够改善老年慢性心力衰竭患者心功能及预后,提高其临床疗效,值得在临床推广应用。     

吲达帕胺联合厄贝沙坦对高血压并发充血性心力衰竭患者的疗效及凝血-纤溶系统的影响

【摘要】目的 探讨吲达帕胺联合厄贝沙坦对高血压并发充血性心力衰竭（CHF）患者的疗效及凝血 纤溶系统的影响。方法 纳入2018年10月~2019年10月我院86例高血压并发CHF患者将其随机分为对照组和观察组，每组各43例。对照组给予厄贝沙坦治疗，观察组基于以上加予吲达帕胺片治疗。对比两组治疗前及治疗3个月后的血压水平和心功能情况，评估两组临床疗效，比较治疗前及治疗3个月后的血小板标志物和血浆凝血 纤溶系统指标水平。结果 治疗3个月，两组患者的收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、左心室舒张期内径(LVEDD)、左室收缩末期内径(LVESD)值较治疗前显著降低(P＜005)，左室射血分数(LVEF)值较治疗前显著增加(P＜005)，观察组显著高于对照组(P＜005)；观察组的临床总有效率显著高于对照组(P＜005)；治疗3个月，两组患者的血小板糖蛋白Ⅱb/Ⅲa受体(PAC 1)、P 选择素(CD62P)水平相比治疗前有显著降低(P＜005)，两组患者的血浆D D、纤维蛋白原(FIB)、纤溶酶原激活抑制物 1(PAI 1)水平相比治疗前有显著降低，血浆组织型纤溶酶原激活物(t PA)相比治疗前有显著升高(均P＜005)，以上指标观察组的变化幅度显著大于对照组(P＜005)。 结论 吲达帕胺片联合厄贝沙坦治疗能提高高血压并发CHF患者的临床疗效，有效改善患者的血压水平和心功能，且对血小板PAC 1、CD62P有明显抑制作用，并改善凝血 纤溶系统指标。     

别嘌呤醇对伴高尿酸血症慢性心力衰竭急性发作患者血清NO、MDA、SOD及肱动脉内皮依赖性舒张功能的影响

目的通过观察试验组和对照组用药前后慢性心力衰竭急性发作患者血浆一氧化氮（NO）丙二醛（MDA）超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）及肱动脉内皮依赖性舒张功能（EDD）的变化来探讨别嘌呤醇对伴高尿酸血症慢性心力衰竭急性发作患者内皮功能及氧自由基的影响。方法78例慢性心力衰竭急性发作患者被随机分为别嘌呤醇组（常规治疗＋别嘌呤醇，38例）和对照组（常规治疗，40例），分析NO、MDA、SOD在1周治疗前后浓度的变化及EDD的变化。结果别嘌呤醇治疗7d后，与对照组相比，试验组血SOD浓度明显升高（P〈0．05），血MDA显著下降（P〈0．05），而试验组NO及肱动脉EDD有上升趋势；但差异无统计学意义。结论别嘌呤醇能显著增加慢性心力衰竭急性发作患者血SOD，降低血MDA，因而减轻此类患者氧化应激的程度，进而可能对该类患者内皮舒张功能产生积极影响。     

An examination of sex and racial/ethnic differences in the metabolic syndrome among adults: A confirmatory factor analysis and a resulting continuous severity score

Objective

The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is typically diagnosed based on abnormalities in specific clustered clinical measures that are associated with increased risk for coronary heart disease (CHD) and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, current MetS criteria result in racial/ethnic discrepancies. Our goals were to use confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to delineate differential contributions to MetS by sub-group, and if contributions were discovered, develop sex and racial/ethnic-specific equations to calculate MetS severity.

Research Design and Methods

Using data on adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2010, we performed a CFA of a single MetS factor that allowed differential loadings across groups, resulting in a sex and race/ethnicity-specific continuous MetS severity score.

Results

Loadings to the single MetS factor differed by sub-group for each MetS component (p < 0.001), with lower factor loadings among non-Hispanic-blacks for triglycerides and among Hispanics for waist circumference. Systolic blood pressure exhibited low factor loadings among all groups. MetS severity scores were correlated with biomarkers of future disease (high-sensitivity C-reactive-protein, uric acid, insulin resistance). Non-Hispanic-black-males with diabetics had a low prevalence of MetS but high MetS severity scores that were not significantly different from other racial/ethnic groups.

Conclusions

This analysis among adults uniquely demonstrated differences between sexes and racial/ethnic groups regarding contributions of traditional MetS components to an assumed single factor. The resulting equations provide a clinically-accessible and interpretable continuous measure of MetS for potential use in identifying adults at higher risk for MetS-related diseases and following changes within individuals over time. These equations hold potential to be a powerful new outcome for use in MetS-focused research and interventions.     

Incident Atrial Fibrillation and the Risk of Congestive Heart Failure,Myocardial Infarction,End-Stage Kidney Disease,and Mortality Among Patients With a Decreased Estimated GFR

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Natriuretic peptides

Natriuretic peptides (NPs) are released from the heart in response to pressure and volume overload. B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and N-terminal-proBNP have become important diagnostic tools for assessing patients who present acutely with dyspnea. The NP level reflects a compilation of systolic and diastolic function as well as right ventricular and valvular function. Studies suggest that using NPs in the emergency department can reduce the consumption of hospital resources and can lower costs by either eliminating the need for other, more expensive tests or by establishing an alternative diagnosis that does not require hospital stay. Caveats such as body mass index and renal function must be taken into account when analyzing NP levels. Natriuretic peptide levels have important prognostic value in multiple clinical settings, including in patients with stable coronary artery disease and with acute coronary syndromes. In patients with decompensated heart failure due to volume overload, a treatment-induced drop in wedge pressure is often accompanied by a rapid drop in NP levels. Knowing a patient's NP levels might thus assist with hemodynamic assessment and subsequent treatment titration. Monitoring NP levels in the outpatient setting might also improve patient care and outcomes.     

The safety and tolerability of beta blockers in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: is the current underutilization of this evidence-based therapy justified?

Introduction: Beta blockers are one of the cornerstones for treatment of Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection fraction (HFRef), yet their use is often limited by adverse effects, either perceived or real. We performed a review of available data using PubMed.gov utilizing beta blocker, heart failure, reduced ejection fraction and safety as key words.

Areas covered: Several well designed, large scale randomized clinical trials including CIBS-II (bisoprolol), MERIT-HF (metoprolol succinate), and Copernicus (carvedilol) among others, have been conducted in patients with HFRef and demonstrated an improvement in cardiac mortality and morbidity. Despite the preponderance of data supporting the use of beta blockers for patients HFRef, these medications remain underutilized and/or are often prescribed at lower than recommended dosages. Some of the reluctance to embrace beta blockade may be attributed to concern on the part of both the patient and prescriber about the non-cardiac adverse effects of this class of drugs. We have reviewed several recent reviews and meta-analyses of trials of beta blocker in heart failure which have conclusively demonstrated their tolerability in the populations studied.

Expert opinion: In the final section of this paper we provide our opinions regarding initiating and optimizing beta blocker therapy for patients with HFRef.     

脑钠肽对急诊呼吸困难的鉴别诊断价值

目的 评价快速测定脑钠肽(BNP)对充血性心力衰竭(CHF)所致呼吸困难的诊断价值。方法 测定152例以呼吸困难为主诉在急诊科就诊和急诊入院患者血浆BNP水平，以两位不知道BNP结果的心血管专家根据患者的临床资料作出的诊断为标准，来评价BNP水平在以呼吸困难为主诉的患者中诊断CHF的敏感性和特异性。结果 BNP≥100pg／mL诊断CHF的敏感性为96．3％，特异性为94．3％，阳性预测值为95．2％，阴性预测值为95．7％，阳性似然率和阴性似然率分别为16．9和0．038。BNP水平与心力衰竭的严重程度相关。结论 急诊快速测定BNP有助于鉴别心源性呼吸困难与非心源性呼吸困难。     

比索洛尔治疗慢性充血性心力衰竭的疗效观察

目的探索比索洛尔治疗慢性充血性心力衰竭（CHF）的疗效。方法85例慢性CHF患者予比索洛尔治疗前后比较心率、血压、左室射血分数（LVEF）、心脏事件、心功能改善程度。结果比索洛尔可以降低心率，增加LVEF，改善心功能，与治疗前相比较，差异有统计学意义，但血压下降无统计学意义。结论比索洛尔可有效改善慢性CHF病人的临床症状，提高射血分数，改善心功能。