¿Qué dicen las madres gitanas de la lactancia materna?

ObjectiveTo know and deepen in the evaluation, and experience of gypsy women with breastfeeding.MethodQualitative study with an interpretative phenomenological approach, through a focus group with the participation of six mothers of gypsy ethnicity, users of the Fuente de San Luis Health Center in the city of Valencia.ResultsThe barriers described by these mothers regarding breastfeeding refer to a lack of family support, an association of breastfeeding to sacrifice and to the dependence of the baby to the breast. From the accounts of these mothers it is perceived, a disinterest in breastfeeding and a lack of confidence in their own bilogy, which together with a low participation in maternal education activities, have meant the barriers that have mostly limited and largely hindered breastfeeding in this group of mothers.ConclusionsIt would be desirable to implement improvement actions that would pay more attention to promote, protect and support breastfeeding in this group.     

Manejo de la enfermedad de Parkinson y otros trastornos del movimiento en mujeres en edad fértil: Parte 1

IntroductionThe main challenge of Parkinson's disease in women of childbearing age is managing symptoms and drugs during pregnancy and breastfeeding. The increase in the age at which women are having children makes it likely that these pregnancies will become more common in future.ObjectivesThis study aims to define the clinical characteristics of women of childbearing age with Parkinson's disease and the factors affecting their lives, and to establish a series of guidelines for managing pregnancy in these patients.ResultsThis consensus document was developed through an exhaustive literature search and a discussion of the available evidence by a group of movement disorder experts from the Spanish Society of Neurology.ConclusionsParkinson's disease affects all aspects of sexual and reproductive health in women of childbearing age. Pregnancy should be well planned to minimise teratogenic risk. A multidisciplinary approach should be adopted in the management of these patients in order to take all relevant considerations into account.     

The effect of immediate postpartum levonorgestrel contraceptive implant use on breastfeeding and infant growth: a randomized controlled trial

Objective

This study assessed whether immediate postpartum insertion of levonorgestrel contraceptive implants is associated with a difference in infant growth from birth to 6 months, onset of lactogenesis, or breastfeeding continuation at 3 and 6 months postpartum compared to delayed insertion at 6 to 8 weeks postpartum.

Does exclusive breastfeeding correlate with infant's early language milestone?

Objective

This study aims to assess the correlation between the exclusive breastfeeding status with infant's early language milestone.

Negative influence of maternal smoking during pregnancy on infant outcomes

BackgroundAccording to the INPES 2014 health barometer, the prevalence of smoking in pregnant women in France is the highest in Europe : 17.8% of expectant mothers who smoke continue to do so during pregnancy. Several epidemiological studies have confirmed multiple risks for tobacco-exposed infants (low birth weight; digestive, respiratory, neurological, and psychological disorders; obesity; type 1 diabetes).PurposeThis study compared a cohort of infants exposed to tobacco in utero (T + ) with those unexposed (T−). Birth weight, diet, presence of colic (ROME III criteria) and regurgitations (Vandenplas scale) were specifically analyzed.MethodsThis observational, cross-sectional, and multicenter survey was conducted in France by pediatricians and general practitioners from September 2016 to February 2017. Infants with a chronic pathology and those with parents under 18 years of age were excluded. The data were collected by the physician and by the mother through a self-administered questionnaire.ResultsA total of 452 physicians recruited 759 T+ and 741 T- infants in the study. The mean birth weight of T+ infants was significantly lower (3.1 ± 0.5 kg [WHO z-score -0.476 ± 1.081]) than that of T− infants (3.3 ± 0.5 kg [0.033 ± 0.965]; P < 0.001). At the time of leaving the maternity facility, 47.7% of T+ infants were breastfed by their mother compared with 70.1% of T− infants. The median reported duration of breastfeeding was 1 month vs. 2 months for T+ and T− infants, respectively. Colic was significantly more common in T+ than in T− infants: 25.6% vs. 12.3% according to the ROME III criteria, and 45.7% vs. 29.7% according to the doctor's opinion (P < 0.001 for both). In the T+ group, cases of regurgitation (63.6% vs. 56.5%; P = 0.005), respiratory disorder (6.3% vs. 2.4%, P < 0.001), and bronchiolitis (6.5% vs. 3.0%; P = 0.001) were also more frequent.ConclusionThis study confirms that maternal smoking during pregnancy is associated with health risks; exposed infants had significantly more digestive/respiratory symptoms and lower birth weight than unexposed infants. Preventive and educational actions need to be further strengthened in the face of this public health problem.     

母乳喂养对宫内发育迟缓儿胰岛素敏感性影响的随访研究

目的 探讨宫内发育迟缓（IUGR）儿胰岛素敏感性和血清脂联素水平，随访研究母乳喂养对胰岛素敏感性的影响。方法 选择2014年10月至2018年10月住院的足月IUGR儿为IUGR组（106例），同期出生足月适于胎龄儿（AGA）为AGA组（90例），记录出生体重、身长，生后7 d检测血清空腹血糖（FG）、三酰甘油（TG）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）、高密度脂蛋白（HDL）、胰岛素（INS）和脂联素水平，计算胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR）。将IUGR组按照实际喂养方式，分为母乳喂养组（37例）和配方奶喂养组（42例），于3月龄、6月龄追踪复测上述血清指标和生长指数。结果 与AGA组比较，IUGR组血清胰岛素、HOMA-IR增高，脂联素水平降低，差异均有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。母乳喂养和配方奶喂养组IUGR儿生后7 d、3月龄、6月龄生长指数、血清FG、TG、LDL和HDL水平差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。母乳喂养组血清INS、HOMA-IR水平随母乳喂养时间延长而降低，脂联素水平随母乳喂养时间延长而增高（P < 0.05）。结论 IUGR儿生后早期胰岛素敏感性下降，母乳喂养可改善IUGR儿胰岛素敏感性。