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1.
目的了解2020年上海市普陀区60?69岁居民新冠肺炎防控知识与行为现状,为提升老年人新冠肺炎的防控知识及健康素养水平提供参考。方法采用整群抽样方法(PPS法)和KISH表法相结合,利用2020年《上海市居民健康素养监测调查问卷》第五部分的新冠肺炎疫情相关题目,对821名60?69岁的居民进行调查分析。结果“哪些人容易感染新冠病毒”(48.72%)、“新冠病毒可通过哪些途径造成人与人之间的传染”(23.75%)、“新冠肺炎疫情期间,为避免感染新冠病毒,个人应采取的防护措施”(47.87%)、“一次性使用医用口罩的正确佩戴方法”(39.34%)、“哪些人是新冠肺炎的传染源”(35.93%)的知晓率均低于50%。获取新冠肺炎相关知识宣传的主要途径是电视(96.32%)、微信(69.06%)、社区宣传(66.26%)。在新冠肺炎疫情期间采取的主要行为依次是主动上网搜索疾病预防知识(70.28%)、上网查询居住地附近疫情(57.00%)、电话或现场咨询社区医生(32.40%)。结论上海市普陀区60?69岁居民新冠肺炎防控知识的知晓率较低,应针对其年龄特点,充分利用电视、网络和社区等健康教育宣传途径,促进老年人形成健康的生活方式,提高其健康素养水平。  相似文献   
2.
AimTo examine simulation-based education (SBE) strategies on situation awareness (SA) in nursing students including the strategies of SBE, the measurement tools of SA during SBE and the effectiveness of SBE on SA.BackgroundSA has been reported as an effective way to identify and manage deteriorating patients. Researchers have suggested that SBE is more effective than other instructional modalities in improving SA. However, SA among nursing students and studies regarding the effectiveness of SBE on SA are limited.DesignThe Arksey and O'Malley scoping review framework was used to guide the review process and the PRISMA-ScR checklist was used to report on this scoping review.MethodsThe databases searched were Medline, CINAHL, EMBASE, EBSCO and Google Scholar from December 2020 to November 2021. Thematic analysis was applied to identify the main findings in the literature.ResultsNine eligible articles were included. Five major themes were identified: SBE situations used to teach SA to nursing students, SBE strategies to improve SA in nursing, effectiveness of SBE on SA in nursing, measurements of SA used during the SBE and experimental studies examining the effectiveness of SBE on SA.ConclusionThis review reveals that SBE may be useful to cultivate SA in nursing students. Future studies that use randomized clinical trials to test the effects of combining different simulation strategies on SA are suggested. Developing more reliable and valid SA global assessment queries and standardizing the query process of SA measurement is also recommended.  相似文献   
3.
目的 了解郑州市居民恶性肿瘤防治健康素养水平现状和需求,并分析其影响因素,为开展和制定居民恶性肿瘤预防和控制相关卫生政策提供参考依据。方法 以多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法,于2020年6月至2021年3月抽取郑州市≥18岁的居民进行肿瘤防治健康素养问卷调查,并根据纳入对象的社会人口学特征和资料分析其相关影响因素。结果 共纳入3 218名调查对象,43.04%的城市居民具备肿瘤防治健康素养。其中肿瘤预防意识和早发现早诊断早治疗意识(“三早”意识)的健康素养具备率分别为65.12%和37.61%。多因素分析结果显示,女性(OR=1.857)、年龄(OR=0.803)、文化程度(OR=1.296、1.204、1.415)、职业状况(OR=1.156、0.787)、家庭年收入(OR=1.230、1.391、1.528)、患恶性肿瘤(OR=2.812)和接受肿瘤防治教育(OR=3.908)是郑州市居民肿瘤防治健康素养水平的影响因素。结论 郑州市居民恶性肿瘤防治健康素养水平较低,且该地区居民恶性肿瘤预防意识和“三早”意识相对失衡,肿瘤防治工作者应重点加强居民的“三早”意识宣教,并综合考虑患者的社会人口学特征,重点关注高危人群,开展针对性防治健康教育。  相似文献   
4.
目的 分析四川省居民癌症防治核心知识知晓水平及相关影响因素,为四川省癌症防治提供依据。方法 采用方便抽样的方法,招募20101名四川省常住居民为研究对象,采用卡方检验比较不同特征研究对象癌症防治核心知识知晓情况的差异,并采用多元线性回归模型分析居民癌症防治核心知识知晓情况的相关因素。结果 20101名研究对象中,应答条目数共计442222条,其中知晓的条目数305934条,总体知晓率为69.18%。多重线性回归分析结果显示,年龄(β=1.097,t=12.774,P<0.001)、肿瘤筛查或防癌体检(β=0.663,t=12.530,P<0.001)、文化程度(β=2.117,t=22.604,P<0.001)、家庭人均月收入(β=0.525,t=8.879,P<0.001)、肿瘤家族史(β=-0.591,t=-9.832,P<0.001)、职业(β=-1.301,t=-12.538,P<0.001)是影响居民知晓率的因素。结论 四川省居民癌症防治核心知识知晓率呈逐年上升趋势,在全国处于中等水平,居民对于癌症防治核心知识知晓情况存在“重医轻防”现象。  相似文献   
5.
Background and aimGeneral population awareness about cardiovascular risk factors is usually low. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the vascular aging of subjects aware and not aware to be hypertensive, hypercholesterolemic, hypertriglyceridemic or diabetics in a general population sample.Methods and resultsWe interviewed 1652 subjects without atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (M: 46.6%, F: 53.4%) about their awareness of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia or type 2 diabetes. Then we compared the augmentation index and pulse wave velocity of subjects aware and not aware of the investigated cardiovascular risk factors. 1049 participants declared not to be hypertensive, while 32 were not sure. Among them, respectively, 23.5% and 50% were hypertensive. Subjects not aware of their hypertension had significantly higher aortic blood pressure than aware ones (p < 0.001). 841 participants declared not to be hypercholesterolemic, while 60 were not sure. Among them, respectively, 18.1% and 40% were hypercholesterolemic. Subjects not aware of their hypercholesterolemia had significantly higher augmentation index than the aware ones (p < 0.05). 1226 participants declared not to be hypertriglyceridemic, while 200 were not sure. Among them, respectively, 19.2% and 44% were hypertriglyceridemic. Subjects not aware of their hypertriglyceridemia had significantly higher TG levels aware ones (p < 0.05), although this seemed to not related to increased arterial stiffness. 1472 participants declared not to be diabetic, while 20 were not sure. Among them, respectively, 2.0% and 25.0% were diabetics. Subjects not aware of their diabetes had significantly higher augmentation index than the aware ones (p < 0.05).ConclusionsIn conclusion, the lack of awareness of hypertension and hypercholesterolemia is relatively frequent in the general population and is associated to significantly higher arterial stiffness.  相似文献   
6.
背景 糖尿病患者是卒中高危人群,是卒中防治工作的重要目标人群。既往研究提示卒中防治知识的正确认知可明显减少卒中就诊延误、提高卒中救治效率。目前有关糖尿病患者卒中防治知识认知特点的研究较少。目的 了解糖尿病患者卒中防治相关知识水平并分析其影响因素。方法 于2016年12月-2017年9月,选择在深圳市南山区人民医院内分泌科住院的500例糖尿病患者,采用自行设计的调查问卷,以面对面的方式进行问卷调查。调查内容主要包括调查对象的基本情况,卒中防治相关知识(如卒中的发生部位、常见危险因素、常见警示症状、急救处理、缺血性卒中溶栓治疗及可预防性等),以及期望的卒中相关知识获取途径。采用多因素逐步回归分析影响卒中相关知识得分的可能因素。共发放问卷500份,回收有效问卷435份,有效应答率87.0%。结果 调查对象对卒中危险因素的知晓率为5.3%~80.7%。在可干预卒中危险因素中以高血压知晓率最高〔80.7%(351/435)〕,高同型半胱氨酸血症知晓率最低〔10.3%(45/435)〕;在不可干预因素中以年龄知晓率最高〔65.8%(286/435)〕,种族知晓率最低〔5.3%(23/435)〕。对常见卒中警示症状的知晓率为13.1%~76.8%,以对单侧肢体麻木或无力的知晓率最高〔76.8%(334/435)〕,对抽搐的知晓率最低〔13.1%(57/435)〕。76.6%(333/435)的调查对象在面临突发卒中症状时选择“拨打120,呼叫救护车”。15.4%(67/435)调查对象知晓急性缺血性卒中的溶栓治疗,但其中仅43.3%(29/67)能正确回答溶栓时间窗(<4.5 h);57.7%(251/435)的调查对象可正确识别卒中受累部位为脑;64.4%(280/435)调查对象认为卒中可以预防。卒中相关知识期望获取途径的前3位分别为社区医师指导〔74.0%(322/435)〕、专家讲座〔53.8%(234/435)〕和电视〔38.6%(168/435)〕。单因素分析结果提示不同家庭人均月收入、是否有卒中病史或卒中家族史患者对卒中防治知识的知晓水平比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);多因素分析结果提示文化程度、家庭人均月收入、脑血管病史或卒中家族史及糖尿病病程是调查人群卒中相关知识水平的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论 糖尿病人群的卒中防治知识水平不足,尤其是低文化程度、低收入、无脑血管病史、新发糖尿病人群更为明显。社区医师指导的卒中健康教育活动可能是改善糖尿病人群卒中防治知识水平的有效途径。  相似文献   
7.
目的 了解成都市女性社区居民对宫颈癌及HPV的基线认知水平;评价以医务人员为主导的健康教育能否有效提高社区居民宫颈癌相关认知水平。方法 2015 - 2018年每年妇女节期间通过对社区女性进行问卷调查,比较4年间(2015 - 2018)培训前后社区女性认知水平的变化情况以及疫苗上市前(2015 - 2016)和疫苗上市后(2017 - 2018)社区女性基线认知的变化。结果 健康教育前、后有效问卷分别为591、449份。健康教育前,32.1%的调查对象认为HPV病毒感染是引起宫颈癌最重要的原因,47.2%认为HPV的传播途径为性传播,25.2%认为HPV疫苗接种的最佳年龄为初次性生活前;健康教育后,以上比例分别增长至45.4%、73.7%、62.8%(P均<0.05)。疫苗上市后,基线愿意接受筛查的调查对象比例由疫苗上市前的95.4%下降到86.1%(P<0.05)。“医院展板”对基线认知的影响最大,接触过该途径人群的平均认知得分比未接触人群高3.4分(P<0.05)。结论 成都市社区女性对宫颈癌及HPV相关的基线认知水平较低,疫苗上市后筛查意愿有明显下降趋势。以医院医生为主导的宫颈癌及HPV健康教育应当纳入社区人群健康教育的常规模式,同时应加强宣传疫苗接种后仍应进行宫颈癌筛查的重要性。  相似文献   
8.
目的 调查北京市昌平区居民对预包装食品营养标签的知晓率,探寻有效的宣传方式,促进营养标签的推广和使用。方法 运用PPS方法抽取昌平区18~79岁常住居民,通过自填式问卷进行调查,调查问卷审核后录入数据库,采用SPSS 18.0统计软件对数据进行统计分析。结果 昌平区18~79岁居民食品营养标签知晓率为59.49%,75.76%的居民在购买食品时会查看营养标签,95.38%的居民会根据营养标签选择食品,86.35%的居民认为食品营养标签对选择食品有或很有作用;餐饮工作人员知晓率79.62%、查看率89.23%,χ2值分别为146.58、42.32,P<0.05、女性(知晓率61.73%、查看率78.34%,χ2值分别为18.22、20.25,P<0.05)、低年龄段(知晓率63.51%、查看率76.79%,χ2值分别为179.44、23.75,P<0.05)、高收入水平(知晓率69.47%,χ2值为256.99,P<0.05)、高学历水平(知晓率68.22%、查看率83.53%,χ2值分别为384.53、73.30,P<0.05)的居民对营养标签的知晓、查看率高于其他人群,差异有统计学意义;不同年龄居民查看营养标签内容差异有统计学意义(χ2值分别为83.20、74.80、29.94、12.66,P<0.05)。结论 昌平区居民预包装营养标签使用率高于知晓率,构建完整的科普宣传体系,结合不同影响因素进行针对性宣传教育,可提高居民营养标签正确使用率。  相似文献   
9.
IntroductionBurns are one of the major health issues that considerably affect variable groups of the population, varying in age and severity. Despite advances in burn surgical and non-surgical treatments, patient's appearance still represents public health issue. In regards to surgical treatment of burns, skin grafting is still considered the gold standard. One of the major burdens in the burn surgical treatments is the availability of the skin for grafting. As for the non-surgical treatment different modalities of skin dressings or substitutes are still available as an option.MethodsA validated questionnaire based study was utilized to acquire assessment of the overall general population knowledge, awareness and attitude toward skin donation. In addition, it surveyed community personal willingness to donate their skin to a skin bank after being deceased, to help solve skin shortages due to the lack of skin banks in Saudi Arabia.ResultsA total of 698 individuals completed the questionnaire over the period of 5 months, from February 2018 till June 2018. Married, postgraduate females, with a history of burn in close family members or similar individuals showed a positive attitude toward skin donation. However, 22% of the participants did not agree to donate their skin due to religious reasons.ConclusionThe study concluded that the majority of participants were willing to donate their skin, and they were aware of the concept of skin donation and its crucial importance in surgical burn management. The current study showed the majority of participants were aware of skin donation and skin use for burn treatment, in addition to having positive attitude toward skin donation. Men were more aware than the women of skin donation. Religious concern was a major reason for participants’ skin donation refusal, an issue that can be addressed by contacting Islamic scholars to issue a Fatwa approving the cause.  相似文献   
10.
《Vaccine》2016,34(11):1331-1334
The 9-valent Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, 9vHPV, was licensed in the U.S. in December, 2014. We assessed healthcare provider (HCP) awareness of the newly approved vaccine and identified questions HCPs have about the vaccine. As part of a larger study, we used semi-structured interviews to ask 22 pediatric HCPs about their awareness of 9vHPV, questions they have about the vaccine, and questions they anticipate from patients and parents. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed then analyzed using inductive content analysis. Over half were aware of the vaccine but few HCPs claimed to be familiar with it. HCPs indicated several questions with common themes pertaining to efficacy, side effects, and cost. Only half of HCPs believed patients or parents would have questions. The results suggest strategies and areas for health systems and public health organizations to target in order to resolve unmet educational needs among HCPs regarding 9vHPV.  相似文献   
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