Large volume injection and infiltration system

Summary A system which can be used for injection or infiltration of large volumes of fluid is described. This consists of a syringe which fills automatically from a reservoir through an inlet/outlet valve.     

一次性注射针头在老年人胸骨骨髓穿刺中的应用

目的 探讨应用一次性注射针头进行老年人胸骨骨髓穿刺的可行性。方法 应用一次性注射针头对38例老年患者进行胸骨骨髓穿刺。结果 共进行45次穿刺，一次性穿刺成功44次，一次性成功率97．8％，所有取材满意，无骨髓液稀释，无局部感染、出血、穿刺意外发生。结论 应用一次性注射针头进行老年人胸骨骨髓穿刺，具有方便、快捷、安全、损伤小、取材好等优点。     

丙泊酚中/长链脂肪乳预充注射液与注射液的经济性评价

目的:评价丙泊酚中/长链脂肪乳预充注射液与注射液的经济性以及配置药师的满意度.方法:采用现场模拟试验法,由5名配置药师在静脉用药调配中心分别对2种注射液模拟手术室环境进行配置准备.比较2种注射液的配置时间,采用最小成本分析方法评价2种注射液配置的经济性,采用问卷调查方法调查配置药师的满意度,评分1～5分依次表示非常不满...     

Ulrich注射器在64排螺旋CTA检查中的应用价值及护理

目的:评价Ulrich造影剂注射器在64排螺旋CTA检查中的应用价值。方法:使用GE-Lightspeed VCT64排螺旋CT机,德国Ulrich Missouvi(XD2001)造影剂注射器,对比剂碘帕醇370mg/mg,注射总量80～100mL。所有病人留置静脉套管针(20G～22G)。注射方案采用:注入生理盐水20ml4～5ml/s,确保血管对高压注射器的承受力。结果:我院2007年4月至2008年1月进行CTA检查105例病人无1例渗漏,对比剂顺利注入,造影剂注射成功率达到100%,无1例发生严重过敏反应。结论:使用Ulrich造影剂注射器,操作简便,注射成功率高,能提高工作效率,减少病人候诊时间。其功能完全可以适应64排螺旋CT检查的要求。     

高压注射器恒速法与手工推注法在HSG中对输卵管阻塞性不孕的诊断价值

目的：比较高压注射器恒速注射法与手工推注法在输卵管造影（HSG）中应用价值。方法：收集2009年10月一2010年4月期间广州市番禺中心医院和广州中医药大学第一附属医院各100例不孕症患者,按照不同推注方法分成试验和对照两组。试验组采用高压注射器推注对比剂,压力值设定为100PSI;对照组采用手工推注对比剂。结果：子宫畸形者,试验组、对照组分别为6例、3例,官腔粘连者两组均为9例（P〉0．05）。输卵管通畅率试验纽与对照纽分别为68．93％（122／177）、58．25％（113／194）（P〈0．05）。对比剂盆腔弥散不均匀者分别为25％（23／92）,34％（34／100）,P〉0．05;对比剂不同程度逆流者分别为20．65％（19／92）、11％（11／100）,P〈0．05。近端阻塞率试验组10．73％,对照组18．56％（P〈0．05）。结论：高压注射器应用于HSG中,在提高输卵管通畅率、降低近端阻塞率具有一定的诊断及治疗意义,优于传统手工推注方法,适合于临床普遍推广。     

巧用一次性注射器吸毒治疗毒蛇咬伤

毒蛇咬伤，除全身中毒症状外，局部肿胀明显，伤口剧痛，并迅速向肢体上端蔓延，局部组织坏死，甚至危及生命。尽早有效排出毒液是急救措施之一。传统方法是伤口清创，用拔火罐排毒。由于毒蛇咬伤部位多见于手指、手背、足背、足趾、内外踝等，伤肢局部不平，接触面小，与火罐口径大小不符，负压大小难以掌握，排毒时很难奏效。近几年，我院急诊科利用不同型号一次性注射器自制成大小不等的吸毒器，弥补了拔火罐的不足，效果满意，现介绍如下。     

不同冲洗方法清除根管内氢氧化钙的体外研究

目的比较不同冲洗方法对根管内氢氧化钙的清除效果,为临床治疗提供参考。方法收集160颗下颌单根管恒前磨牙,截冠后ProTaper预备至F4。将牙纵向劈为两半,分别在根管壁上制备标准化凹槽和凹陷模型并填入氢氧化钙。根据不同冲洗方法将样本随机分为4组(n=40):注射器组、超声组、XPendo finisher(XPF)组、M3Max组;每组根据冲洗液再分为2个亚组(n=20):次氯酸钠组、次氯酸钠+乙二胺四乙酸(ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid,EDTA)组。冲洗结束后显微镜下拍摄凹槽和凹陷照片,并对残余氢氧化钙进行评分,比较不同冲洗方法和冲洗液对氢氧化钙的清除效果。结果在凹槽和凹陷模型中,使用次氯酸钠作为冲洗液时,超声、XPF和M3Max清除氢氧化钙的效果均优于注射器冲洗(P<0.05);当使用次氯酸钠联合EDTA冲洗时,超声、XPF和M3Max清除氢氧化钙的效果也均优于注射器冲洗(P<0.05);但超声、XPF和M3Max三者之间的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);与使用次氯酸钠作为冲洗液时相比,次氯酸钠联用EDTA冲洗可增强超声、XPF和M3Max清除氢氧化钙的效果(P<0.05),但不能增强注射器冲洗效果(P>0.05)。结论次氯酸钠联用EDTA冲洗可增强超声、XPF和M3Max清除氢氧化钙的效果,三者间无明显差异,均优于注射器冲洗。     

Meta-analysis of hepatitis C seroconversion in relation to shared syringes and drug preparation equipment

Aims We conducted a systematic review of studies reporting seroincidence of hepatitis C infection (HCV) in relation to shared syringes and drug preparation equipment among injection drug users (IDUs). We identified published and unpublished studies that met inclusion criteria. Design We estimated the relative contributions of shared syringes and drug preparation equipment to HCV transmission using random‐effects meta‐analysis, and analyzed potential sources of heterogeneity of effects among studies. Findings Syringe sharing was associated with HCV seroconversion [pooled risk ratio (PRR) = 1.94, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.53, 2.46], as was sharing drug preparation containers (PRR = 2.42, 95% CI 1.89, 3.10), filters (PRR = 2.61, 95% CI 1.91, 3.56), rinse water (PRR = 1.98, 95% CI 1.54, 2.56), combinations of this equipment (PRR = 2.24, 95% CI 1.28, 3.93) and ‘backloading’, a syringe‐mediated form of sharing prepared drugs (PRR = 1.86, 95% CI 1.41, 2.44). Meta‐regression results showed that the association between syringe sharing and seroconversion was modified by HCV seroprevalence in the IDU populations. Conclusions The risk of hepatitis C infection through shared syringes is dependent upon hepatitis C infection seroprevalence in the population. The risk of hepatitis C infection through shared drug preparation equipment is similar to that of shared syringes. Because the infection status of sharing partners is often unknown, it is important for injection drug users to consistently avoid sharing unsterile equipment used to prepare, divide or inject drugs and avoid backloading with an unsterile syringe.     

One Injection of DsRed Followed by Bites from Transgenic Mosquitoes Producing DsRed in the Saliva Elicits a High Titer of Antibody in Mice

It has been proposed that transgenic mosquitoes can be used as a “flying syringe” for infectious disease control. We succeeded in generating a transgenic (TG) mosquito, Anopheles stephensi, excreting and discharging DsRed in saliva. DsRed was deposited on the membrane where the TG mosquito probed with its proboscis. Repeated feeding by the TG mosquitoes induced anti-DeRed as well as anti-SG antibodies in mice. This indicates that the TG mosquitoes can immunize the animal. Moreover, in this report, we employed a pre-immunization method before exposing mice to the TG mosquitoes. We injected DsRed to mice to prepare memory B cells and exposed the mice to bites by the TG mosquitoes excreting DsRed. The mice produced a higher titer of antibody to DsRed, suggesting that the bites from TG mosquitoes act as a booster and that primary immunization with a vaccine protein and exposure to TG mosquitoes excreting the vaccine protein in the saliva produces a synergistic effect.     

一次性1 ml注射器不同方法配制试验液时药物分布的对比研究

目的 :为探讨一次性 1ml注射器配制试验液时的最佳方法。方法 :采用 3种配制试验液的方法 ,每种方法配制试验液 10份 ,并分别对每份试验液的前 0 .5ml和后 0 .5ml的药物含量分布情况进行测试。结果 :第3种方法的药物分布情况及实际含量较为理想 ,误差最小。结论 :第 3种方法是可选的一种配制试验液的方法。