Ischemic stroke in Morocco: Prehospital delay and associated factors

ObjectivesThis study aimed to estimate prehospital delay and to identify the factors associated with the late arrival of patients with ischemic stroke at the Souss Massa Regional Hospital Center in Morocco.Patients and methodsAn observational, prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2019 to September 2019 in the Souss Massa regional hospital center, which is a public hospital structure. A questionnaire was administered to patients with ischemic stroke and to bystanders (family or others), while clinical and paraclinical data were collected from medical records. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify the factors associated with delayed arrival at emergency department.ResultsA total of 197 patients and 197 bystanders who fulfilled the criteria for the study were included. The median time from symptom onset to hospital arrival was 6 hours (IQR, 4–16). Multiple regression analysis showed that illiteracy (OR 38.58; CI_95%: 3.40–437.27), waiting for symptoms to disappear (patient behavior) (OR 11.24; CI_95%: 1.57–80.45), deciding to go directly to the hospital (patient behavior) (OR 0.07; CI_95%: 0.01–0.57), bystander's knowledge that stroke is a disease requiring urgent care within a limited therapeutic window (OR 0.005; CI_95%: 0.00–0.36), and direct admission without reference (OR 0.005; CI_95%: 0.00–0.07), were independently associated with late arrival (> 4.5 hours) of patients with acute ischemic stroke. In addition, illiteracy (OR 24.62; CI_95%: 4.37–138.69), vertigo and disturbance of balance or coordination (OR 0.14; CI_95%: 0.03–0.73), the relative's knowledge that stroke is a disease requiring urgent care and within a limited therapeutic window (OR 0.03; CI_95%: 0.00–0.22), calling for an ambulance (relative's behavior) (OR 0.16; CI_95%: 0.03–0.80), distance between 50 and 100 km (OR 10.16; CI_95%: 1.16–89.33), and direct admission without reference (OR 0.03; CI_95%: 0.00–0.14), were independently associated with late arrival (> 6 hours) of patients with acute ischemic stroke.ConclusionPatient behavior, bystander knowledge and direct admission to the competent hospital for stroke care are modifiable factors potentially useful for reducing onset-to-door time, and thereby increasing the implementation rates of acute stroke therapies.     

美沙酮维持治疗门诊服药人员的不安全性行为及其相关因素

目的了解目前美沙酮维持治疗（MMT）门诊服药人员的不安全性行为状况及相关因素。方法在重庆、广东、江苏三省（直辖市）6个MMT门诊，选取符合条件的服药人员进行问卷调查及尿液检测，收集研究对象的一般情况、性行为状况、美沙酮服药情况及多药滥用信息。结果共调查1202人，平均年龄（39.7±6.8）岁；其中男性占75.7％（910人），平均吸食海洛因年限（15.6±4.8）年。758人（63.1％）过去6个月有过性行为，其中10.2％（77／758）存在不安全性行为。男性、未婚单身／N异丧偶、与家人关系差、存在药物滥用、HIV阳性与不安全性行为的发生存在正向的统计学关联（P〈O.05）。结论不安全性行为普遍存在于所调查的MMT门诊服药人员中，针对服药人员不安全性行为的健康教育和行为干预需要进一步加强。     

Usefulness of the vibration perception thresholds measurement as a diagnostic method for diabetic peripheral neuropathy: Results from the Rio de Janeiro type 2 diabetes cohort study

Aims

To investigate the associated factors with the vibration threshold perception (VPT) in patients with type 2 diabetes and to assess whether it is useful for detection of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN).

Female urinary incontinence: a cross-sectional study from a Thai rural area

The aims of this study were to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of female urinary incontinence in a Thai rural area and to investigate the impact of female urinary incontinence on quality of life. A population-based cross-sectional survey was performed from September 2003 to February 2004. A total of 1,126 women completed the questionnaires. The overall prevalence of urinary incontinence was 36.50%, i.e. stress urinary incontinence (33.60%), urge urinary incontinence (11.00%) and mixed urinary incontinence (8.07%). Urinary incontinence adversely affected quality of life; the mixed urinary incontinence group reported significantly greater impairment than the stress and urge urinary incontinence groups. Advancing age, labouring occupation, postmenopausal status, years since menopause, medical diseases, childbirth and vaginal delivery were associated with this problem.     

帕金森病抑郁状态相关因素分析

目的研究帕金森病伴发抑郁状态(Parkinson disease with depression,PDD)的患病情况及影响因素。方法选择82例帕金森病(PD)患者,先用抑郁自评量表(SDS)进行初步筛查,然后应用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)将帕金森病患者划分为抑郁组和非抑郁组,对各组患者的发病年龄、性别、文化程度、经济状况、有无照料人、Hoehn-Yahr分期、PD统一评分量表(UPDRS)、Webster评分等进行比较,并进一步利用Logistic回归分析筛选出可能的危险因素。结果有无照料人、Webster评分、Hoehn-Yahr分期及UPDRSⅡ在抑郁组与非抑郁组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其他各项指标两组之间差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。回归分析发现有无照料人与UP-DRSⅡ综合评分,尤其是床上翻身是PD患者伴发抑郁的危险因素。结论PD患者中抑郁发生率较高,是几种因素共同作用所致,要注意及时予以干预治疗。     

上海市虹口区离退休及低保妇女参与宫颈癌筛查相关因素研究

目的:了解影响社区妇女参与宫颈癌筛查的主要相关因素,为有效的干预提供基础。方法:采用自我效能量表和自行设计的知识态度及影响因素调查问卷,对上海市虹口区502例离退休及低保妇女进行问卷调查。问卷内容根据社会认知理论模型设计。结果:83.9%的调查对象曾经参与宫颈癌筛查,其中46.5%(所有调查对象中的39.0%)在3年内参加过宫颈癌筛查,多因素分析显示影响妇女曾经参与宫颈癌筛查的因素有:单位组织筛查、婚姻状况、医生推荐、周围人影响,且均为正向影响因素;而影响妇女3年内参与宫颈癌筛查的因素有:文化程度、社区组织筛查、离退休年数、医生推荐、宫颈癌及筛查相关知识、自我效能,这些影响除离退休年数为负向,其他均为正向相关因素。结论:上海市虹口区妇女3年内参与宫颈癌筛查率较低,应采取健康教育、提高妇女自我效能、提高医生对宫颈癌筛查的认识、提供免费筛查服务等多方面措施。在健康教育时应特别关注绝经后妇女,鼓励妇女家人同时参加。     

急诊室危重患者滞留时间影响因素Logistic回归分析

目的 探索影响急诊抢救室危重患者滞留时间的相关因素,为急诊管理者制定相关措施提供依据.方法 回顾性分析一家综合性医院2010年1月至2011年6月急诊抢救室危重患者的信息,通过二分类Logistic回归分析滞留时间的影响因素,并进一步比较主要影响因素特征.结果(1)2010年1月至2011年6月急诊抢救室共有危重患者11 468例,滞留的中位数时间为11h,滞留时间＞6h的有6 525例,占56.9％.(2)影响急诊危重患者滞留时间超过6h的主要因素有主诊科室、绿色通道、就诊时间段.其次为收入ICU、交通事故、120送入、初步诊断个数、离开抢救室去向、性别、节假日就诊、就诊月份.而患者的年龄、职业、户籍不是影响患者滞留时间超过6h的因素.结论 该家医院危重患者在抢救室滞留的时间偏长,主要受主诊科室、绿色通道、就诊时间段等因素影响,值得重视并进一步研究.     

医务人员艾滋病 梅毒和乙型肝炎母婴传播防治知识知晓率及其影响因素

目的了解重大公共卫生服务专项经费支持开展预防艾滋病、梅毒和乙型肝炎(乙肝)母婴传播(Inte-grated prevention of mother-to-child transmission,IPMTCT)项目地区的医务人员,对母婴传播防治相关知识的知晓状况及其影响因素,为明确下一步项目工作中人员能力建设及支持重点提供参考依据。方法于2011年9-10月,对2省4个项目县(市、区)所有承担IPMTCT工作的医务人员进行问卷调查。结果734名医务人员IPMTCT综合知识知晓率为48.9%(359/734)。88.1%(647/734)的医务人员近1年接受过相关培训。多因素Logistic分析结果显示,调整地域和年龄因素后,有预防艾滋病母婴传播工作(Prevention of mother-to-child transmission,PMTCT)基础的项目地区,医务人员的IPMTCT综合知识知晓率高于无PMTCT工作基础的地区的医务人员[比值比(Odds ratio,OR)=5.810,95%可信区间(Confidence interval,CI)=4.037～8.362];近1年接受过相关培训的医务人员知识知晓率高于未接受过培训的医务人员(OR=3.014,95%CI=1.674～5.426);乡镇级医务人员相关知识水平低于县级及以上医务人员(OR=0.335,95%CI=0.226～0.496);相对于临床人员,保健、检验等专业人员相关知识水平低(OR=0.413,95%CI=0.256～0.668;OR=0.274,95%CI=0.154～0.487)。结论医务人员IPMTCT综合知识水平普遍较低,乡镇医务人员和从事保健、检验工作的医务人员相关知识更为薄弱,有PMTCT工作基础的地区和近期接受过相关培训的医务人员,IPMTCT综合知识水平高。应进一步加强培训,尤其重视对乡镇医务人员、保健人员和检验人员的培训。加大对没有PMTCT工作基础的地区的培训支持。     

无烟医院政策执行的障碍

目的了解无烟医院政策执行的障碍,为发展干预策略提供科学的背景资料。方法联合应用专题小组访谈和个人深入访谈对医务人员进行调查。结果无烟医院政策执行的障碍有:①倾向因素:医务人员吸烟严重,上班时间吸烟常见;医务人员对吸烟和被动吸烟的危害认识不清;对创建无烟医院没有足够的信心;②促成因素:医院执行政策的能力不足;③强化因素:吸烟是个人的生活权利;吸烟受社会风俗的影响;领导不重视控烟;担心劝烟会影响同事关系或医患关系。结论研究结果表明,倾向因素不是阻碍医院执行无烟政策的主要因素,强化和促成因素才是主要障碍。采取综合性的干预措施,营造良好的控烟氛围,促进社区参与,提高医院控烟能力,效果或许更理想。