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1.
目的 开展养老机构志愿者预立医疗照护计划培训并评价其效果。方法 应用基于Bloom目标教学理论构建的养老机构志愿者预立医疗照护计划培训内容,结合《预立医疗照护计划》知识教育手册、《我的五个愿望》手册、案例视频等教具,通过角色扮演、案例讨论等方式对53名养老机构志愿者进行培训。培训前后使用养老机构志愿者预立医疗照护计划知信行及自我效能问卷对志愿者进行调查,根据志愿者角色扮演表现评价其预立医疗照护计划沟通技能。结果 培训前后志愿者预立医疗照护计划认知、态度、行为意愿及自我效能差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01),培训后75.47%志愿者预立医疗照护计划沟通技能达合格及以上水平。结论 预立医疗照护计划培训能改善养老机构志愿者的预立医疗照护计划知信行及自我效能感,培养其预立医疗照护计划沟通能力。  相似文献   
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目的:研究头颈部面罩和胸部体罩固定在胸上段食管癌(EC)三维放疗计划系统(TPS)放疗应用中对剂量分布的影响。方法:回顾性分析128例胸上段EC患者临床资料,根据放疗时体位固定工具不同,将患者分为面罩组46例和体罩组82例,所有患者均取仰卧位并采用调强适形放射治疗进行干预,体位固定方法为面罩组以热塑头颈面罩固定,体罩组采用热塑体膜固定,比较两组摆位误差、剂量分布、危及器官受照剂量、近期疗效和不良反应等指标。结果:面罩组X轴、Y轴和Z轴摆位误差绝对值明显低于体罩组(P<0.05),面罩组射线均匀性指数明显低于体罩组,射线适形度指数明显高于体罩组(P<0.05),两组肿瘤靶区Dmax、Dmin和Dmean比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);面罩组双肺V10、V20、V30以及脊髓Dmean均低于体罩组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);面罩组和体罩组患者客观缓解率分别为58.70%和54.88%,两组近期疗效比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);面罩组放射性肺炎发生率低于体罩组(P<0.05)。结论:头颈部面罩固定用于胸上段EC放疗有利于降低摆位误差,提升TPS放疗剂量分布均匀度和适形度,减少周围正常器官照射剂量和放疗相关不良反应发生。  相似文献   
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The aim of the present study was to develop measurement methods to evaluate occlusal differences in digitally-articulated and hand-articulated models in final occlusal planning for orthognathic surgery. A total of 10 (five class II and five class III) previously treated orthognathic cases were analysed by three oral and maxillofacial surgeon investigators, creating a total of thirty cases. Investigators used physical models to create a preferred hand-held final occlusion, which were then scanned and saved utilising a Trios 3® scanner (3Shape). Models were digitally disarticulated and sent back to investigators after a period of at least a month for digital articulation. Novel measurements of dental roll, pitch, and translational differences were performed by an independent engineer using Materialise 3-Matic® software. Statistical analysis was used to evaluate translational differences, the effect of deformity, and inter-investigator variation. A mean (SD) translational difference of 1.58 mm (1.14) mm was seen between the thirty digital and hard-articulated cases analysed. Minimal difference was seen in roll and pitch between hand articulation and digital articulation. A significant translational difference was seen in class III cases compared with class II (p = 0.0006) but not in roll or pitch. There was no significant difference seen between investigators related to translation (p = 0.18), roll (p = 0.09), or pitch (p = 0.17). Digital articulation yielded similar results to hand held in this pilot study. Using measurement techniques described in larger cohorts, its accuracy can be validated using currently available technology.  相似文献   
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The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the outcomes of simultaneous LeFort I osteotomy and zygomatic/dental implant placement for oral rehabilitation of patients with extremely atrophic/dysmorphic edentulous maxilla.Simultaneous LeFort I osteotomy and zygomatic/dental implant placement was performed with patient-specific anatomical models and surgical guides produced through three-dimensional virtual planning methods. All patients received their final prosthesis, with immediate loading, on the day after surgery. The primary outcome variables were the implant survival rate, and the incidence of intra/postoperative complications. In total, 15 zygomatic implants and 33 conventional dental implants were inserted in eight patients. The mean follow-up of the patients was 38.5 months. The implant survival rate was 93.3% for zygomatic implants and 100% for dental implants. No intra/postoperative complications were observed.Simultaneous LeFort I osteotomy associated with zygomatic/dental implant surgery can be considered as a valuable treatment option for rehabilitation of patients with extremely atrophic edentulous maxilla and esthetic issues of the face.  相似文献   
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BackgroundThe aortic valve neocuspidalization (AVNeo) is an innovative surgical technique aiming at the reconstruction of the aortic valve using autologous pericardium. One of the main criticisms to AVNeo is the longer duration of the aortic clamping time (ACT) as compared to standard aortic valve replacement due to the sizing of the valve neocusps.MethodsWe retrospectively enrolled 30 consecutives patients underwent AVNeo. For each patient we developed a 3D aortic root model (ARM) based on CT-scan datasets. We retrospectively compared the leaflets measurements performed during surgery with those obtained on the corresponding ARMs.ResultsIn 100% of cases no difference between the in vitro and in vivo measurements exceeded the acceptable error limit of 2 ?mm. The correlation of each single in vitro versus in vivo measurements demonstrates a strong coincidence between the two different methods of sizing (r ?> ?0,9, p ?< ?.0001). By analyzing the data considering the annulus perimeter and not the single cusp size, the perfect coincidence was to be found in 89.9% with a slight acceptable discrepancy (2 ?mm on total) in the remaining 10.1%.Conclusions3D-ARMs, printed from CT-scan, represent a reproducible process to obtain overlapping cusp sizes compared to those measured in-vivo, possibly reducing the ACT.  相似文献   
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