基于不同体重制定个性化造影剂方案对CT冠脉成像效果的影响

目的探究基于不同体重制定个性化造影剂方案对CT冠脉成像效果的影响。方法选取2017年4月至2018年5月我院心内科收治的102例疑似冠状动脉粥样硬化患者作为研究对象,按照随机数字法分为观察组和对照组,每组各51例。对照组采用传统注射方案,观察组根据患者体重采用个性化注射方案,两组均进行冠脉CT血管造影。观察并分析两组冠脉强化程度、CT冠脉成像质量、对比剂剂量及流速、安全性。结果观察组冠脉强化值明显高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组CTA冠脉评分明显高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组对比剂用量、流速明显低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者DLP(剂量长度乘积)、ED(有效辐射剂量)比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论基于不同体重制定个性化造影剂方案有利于降低CT冠脉成像对比剂剂量和流速,提高冠脉强化程度及效果。     

Palmoplantar keratoses and Bowen's disease in a Vietnam veteran: Could Agent Blue be implicated?

Agent Blue was an arsenical herbicide used extensively in the Vietnam War. Arsenic is one of the known causes of acquired palmoplantar keratoderma (PPK). The most common manifestation of arsenic exposure in susceptible individuals is bilateral palmoplantar hyperkeratosis. We report a 67‐year‐old man with no known prior exposure to arsenic in the USA or family history of PPK who developed multiple squamous cell carcinoma in situ (SCCIS) and palmoplantar hyperkeratotic lesions beginning 23 years after service in Vietnam. The SCCIS were located on the trunk and extremities in both sun‐exposed and non‐sun‐exposed sites and his palmoplantar lesions were diagnosed concurrently with his SCCIS. He has continued to develop SCCIS since his first visit to our clinic 25 years ago.     

The pathology of lethal exposure to the Riot Control Agents: Towards a forensics-based methodology for determining misuse

The aim of this is to review deaths associated with the use of Riot Control Agents (RCAs) and to assess how the presenting pathologies is such cases may better inform cause of death conclusions upon autopsy. We also sought to present which additional steps should be added to the Minnesota protocol and the European harmonization of medico-legal autopsy rules in suspected cases of deaths associated with the use of RCAs.We included 10 lethal cases in our study. In three cases, RCAs were found to be the sole cause of death, in three cases RCAs were ruled a secondary cause of death due asphyxia or asthma subsequent to exposure to RCAs and in four cases RCAs were contributory factors to death. In three cases the responsible agents were identified as Chloroacetophenone (CN), Chlorobenzylidene malononitrile (CS) and Oleoresin capsicum (OC) and in the remaining 7 cases, the agent was OC alone.As there are no specific findings in suspected cases of death associated with RCA use, establishing cause of death and whether RCAs are the sole cause or only a contributory factor will be based on the elimination of other possible causes of death. For this reason, a specifically structured autopsy is essential. This specifically structured autopsy should contain basic principles of the Minnesota Protocol and the European harmonization of medico-legal autopsy rules with the following additional steps taken: examination of clothing, eyes, and skin; examination of pharyngeal, tracheobronchial, and eusophegeal mucosas; and a thorough recording of the steps taken by the party conducting the arrest, including other possible causes of in-custody death, as well as a detailed medical history of the deceased.     

DE-CMR在主动脉关闭不全患者手术预后评估中的应用分析

目的探讨造影剂延迟增强心脏磁共振成像(DE-CMR)在主动脉关闭不全(AI)患者手术预后评估中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析行手术治疗的AI患者48例病例资料,根据术前DE-CMR检查是否出现钆对比延迟增强分为增强组和非增强组,比较两组患者的资料特征,随访至2017年3月记录不良预后发生情况,并分析不良预后的预测因子。结果 48例患者中,钆剂延迟增强患者17例(35.42%),非钆剂延迟增强患者31例(64.48%);两组患者性别、年龄、高血压、糖尿病、术前心功能分级比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05),增强组术前LVESD、LVEDD、左心房前后径、左心室最大横径均大于非增强组,(P0.05),随访期间室性心律失常、心功能进展为Ⅲ-Ⅳ级、死亡的几率分别为23.52%、35.29%、29.41%高于非增强组的3.23%、9.68%、6.45%(P0.05);Cox比例风险模型分析显示LVEDD、LVESD、左心房前后径是AI术后不良预后的独立预测因子。结论 DE-CMR诊断AI可提供更加全面的影像学资料,其中钆对比剂延迟增强识别的心肌纤维化可预测不良预后。     

Thermal enhancement of melphalan and oxaliplatin cytotoxicity in vitro

It has been established that hyperthermia can enhance cytotoxicity of some chemotherapeutic agents. This has led to various clinical trials of thermochemotherapy, although many questions remain unanswered. The effects of various agents have been studied on animal tumours with different histopathology at elevated temperatures. These studies indicated that alkylating agents were most effective to all tumours at a moderately elevated temperature. Cisplatin was also effective to all tumours, but its effectiveness at 41.5°C was less than that of alkylating agents. To quantitatively study these findings, the magnitude of thermal enhancement of melphalan, an alkylating agent, and that of oxaliplatin, a new platinum compound, were studied at 37-44.5°C by the colony formation assay. The dose of each agent was kept constant, and cell survival was determined as a function of treatment time. The cell survival curve was exponentially related with treatment time at all test temperatures, and the T 0 (the time to reduce survival from 1 to 0.37) decreased with an increasing temperature. These results suggested that the cytotoxic effect of these agents occurred with a constant rate at 37°C, and the rate was facilitated with an increasing temperature. This suggests that heat can accelerate the cytotoxic chemical reaction, leading to substantial thermal enhancement. The thermal enhancement ratio (TER, the ratio of the T 0 at 37°C to the T 0 at an elevated temperature) increased with an increase in the temperature. The activation energy for melphalan at moderately elevated temperatures was largest among the agents tested in the laboratory and that for oxaliplatin was approximately half of the melphalan activation energy. This suggests that the thermal enhancement for the cytotoxicity of melphalan or alkylating agents might be the greatest. Potential mechanisms of thermal enhancement of cytotoxicity were discussed.