广东省12~15岁人群恒牙龋病抽样调查报告(2015—2016年)

目的 了解广东省12~15岁人群恒牙龋病状况,为广东省口腔卫生保健工作提供信息支持.方法 采用多阶段分层等容量随机抽样的方法,抽取广东省12、13、14、15岁城乡常住人口各1920人,男女各半,城乡各半.按照第四次全国口腔健康流行病学调查方案的牙列检查方法和标准,使用CPI探针检查全口恒牙冠龋患病情况.计算患龋率、龋均、充填率等.结果 12、13、14、15岁人群患龋率分别为43.07%、45.31%、49.69%、52.86%,龋均分别为1.06、1.13、1.38、1.59,龋齿充填率分别为20.19%、21.50%、22.86%、21.33%.患龋率和龋均两项指标均随着年龄增加而增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.0001);患龋率和龋均两指标城乡之间比较,农村高于城市,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);不同性别间比较,女性高于男性,差异有统计学意义(P<0.0001).与2005年相比,12岁人群患龋率和龋均均升高.结论 广东省12~15岁人群患龋率和龋均随着年龄增加而增加,农村高于城市,女性高于男性,充填率低.     

La reconstruction des enveloppes psychiques et environnementales dans les dessins d’enfants des rues en Haïti : une étude post-séisme

Objectives

The objective of this paper is to show how children and adolescents, living in the street in Haïti after the 2010 earthquake, use the street as a space to rebuild their identity. Using drawings of children and adolescents encountered in the context of research on resilience and the creative process among child and adolescent victims of the earthquake (ANR-10-HAIT-002 RECREAHVI), we explored the difficulties, the trauma and the creative expression of these children in the aftermath of the earthquake. These young people found themselves in a particularly vulnerable situation, whether socially, psychologically, or in terms of their safety. Their environmental envelopes were uncertain, fluctuating or damaged, so that the psychic envelopes of these street children was also put to the test. This article concerns the analysis of the drawings of street children and adolescents. We focus on the characteristics of the graphic envelopes to understand how these young street-dwellers symbolize the damage to their environmental and psychic envelopes, and how they express their needs for reconstruction.

Do adolescents with cerebral palsy agree with their caregivers on their participation and quality of life?

Background

It is important to determine the quality of life (QoL) and level of participation in children with Cerebral Palsy (CP). Previous research has used reports from adolescents or caregivers, but there is no evidence that caregivers' reports accurately reflect the experiences of the adolescents they are interested in.

Evaluación,corrección e impacto de la no respuesta en estudios de obesidad infantil

Objective

To evaluate and correct the impact of non-response in the prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity in children aged 6 to 15 years old using silhouette scales.

武汉市中等职业院校学生吸烟行为与家庭和同伴因素的关系

目的 了解家庭因素和同伴因素对武汉市中等职业院校学生吸烟行为的影响,为制定吸烟行为的预防干预策略提供依据.方法 采用立意抽样方法,从武汉市中等职业学校中抽取三所学校,对其中一、二年级的学生全部进行调查.结果 共2 354人接受问卷调查,武汉市中等职业院校学生尝试吸烟率为23.8％,现在吸烟率为18.6％,不同年龄和性别吸烟率差异有统计学意义(均有P＜0.05);单因素分析发现,平均月花费、父母监管、家庭冲突、亲近关系、家族中吸烟比例、朋友中吸烟比例、朋友对你吸烟态度等对吸烟行为均有影响(均有P ＜0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析显示,吸烟行为与性别、年龄、平均学习成绩、平均月花费、父母监管、亲近关系、朋友中吸烟比例有关(均有P ＜0.05).结论 中等职业院校学生控烟工作需要加强,提高父母监管技能,强化亲近关系和控制同伴影响有助于减少中等职业院校学生的吸烟行为.     

青少年家庭环境与情绪智力的关系

目的：探讨家庭对青少年情绪智力的影响。方法使用《家庭环境量表》和《情绪智力量表》对随机抽取的230名青少年进行测试。结果被试的情绪智力处于中等之上；家庭环境的部分维度与情绪智力存在相关（ P＜0．05；P＜0．01），情绪智力高、低组的被试在亲密度、情感表达、娱乐性、成功性及道德宗教观维度上有显著差异（ P＜0．05，P＜0．01）；逐步回归分析显示，亲密度、知识性、道德宗教观、独立性能够预测情绪智力总分或者部分维度（β值在0．13～0．23之间），预测量为6％～10％。结论良好的家庭环境有利于情绪智力的培养。     

Lenke 1型青少年特发性脊柱侧弯脊柱-骨盆矢状位与冠状位参数的相关性

目的：探索Lenke 1型青少年特发性脊柱侧弯（ adolescent idiopathic scoliosis， AIS）患者的脊柱-骨盆矢状位参数与冠状位参数的相关性。方法：回顾2005年4月至2013年11月北京大学第三医院诊治的Lenke 1型AIS患者，在正、侧位片上测量和记录顶锥（apical vertebra， AV）位置、主胸弯Cobb角（main thoracic， MT），以及骨盆入射角（pelvic incidence， PI）、C7转移比值（C7 translation ratio， C7TR）等矢状位参数，运用统计软件进行参数间的比较和相关性分析。结果：共收集病例51例，其中男18例，女33例，平均年龄（14．9±2．0）岁，顶锥位置在T7～T11， MT为（49．6°±16．7°），PI值为（44．7°±6．7°）。 PI与PT、SS和LL，LL与SS和TK等有相关性（P均＜0．05）。不同腰椎修饰（ lumbar modifiers， LM）组的TK、LL、PT差异具有统计学意义，其他矢状位参数差异无统计学意义。 AV位置与脊柱-骨盆矢状位各参数相关性不显著， MT与TK、LL、SS显著相关，与PI相关性不显著。结论：Lenke 1型AIS的多数脊柱-骨盆矢状位参数间显著相关，形成以PI为核心的矢状位平衡调节链，部分冠、矢状位参数间有显著相关性。     

个性化护理措施对固定正畸矫治的青少年患者托槽脱落率的影响研究

目的 探讨个体化护理措施对接受固定正畸矫治的青少年患者托槽脱落率的影响.方法 将正畸门诊接受固定矫治的120例青少年患者按性别随机均分为四组,A组女患者30例,B组男患者30例,以上两组患者采用个体化护理措施(由专职护士运用语言、示范、文字等教育相结合的方式,从认知、心理、行为、家庭四个方面进行护理),C组女患者30例,D组男患者30例,采用常规正畸护理健康宣教.分别记录四组患者佩戴固定矫治器1个月时托槽脱落的情况,计算托槽脱落率.将A组与C组、B组与D组、A组与B组、C组与D组,分别进行统计分析.结果 佩戴固定矫治器1个月时,四组患者托槽脱落率分别为o.20％、0.40％、1.57％、1.76％,A组与C组比较、B组与D组比较均存在明显统计学差异(P＜0.05);A组与B组比较、C组与D组比较均没有明显统计学差异(P＞0.05).结论 在青少年固定正畸矫治过程中,性别差异不是影响托槽脱落率的主要因素,护士运用个体化的护理措施,提高了患者的主动配合能力,从而降低了患者托槽的脱落率.     

Youth and Young Adults With Spina Bifida: Their Utilization of Physician and Hospital Services

Objective

To describe current patterns of health care utilization of youth and young adults who have spina bifida (SB) and provide evidence to guide the development of health care for this growing population.

Design

We conducted a secondary analysis of health services utilization data from the Canadian Institute for Health Information to determine the rates and patterns of health care utilization, because comprehensive health care has been recognized as critical to positive health outcomes.

Setting

Participants were identified from 6 publicly funded children's treatment centers.

Participants

Health records from youth (n=164; age range, 13.0–17.9y) and adults (n=120; age range, 23.0–32.9y) with SB contributed to this study.

Interventions

Not applicable.

Main Outcome Measures

The rates of outpatient physician visits and hospital admissions for the youth and adult groups were calculated. The proportion with a “medical home” was also calculated.

Results

The annual rates of outpatient physician visits per 1000 persons were 8031 for youth and 8524 for adults with SB. These rates were approximately 2.9 and 2.2 times higher, repectively, than for their age-matched peers. On average, 12% of youth and 24% of adults with SB had a medical home. The annual rates of hospital admissions per 1000 persons were 329 for youth and 285 for adults with SB. Rates of admissions were 19.4 and 12.4 times higher, respectively, for these groups than for the general population.

Conclusions

It appears that persons with SB are accessing health services more often than their age-matched peers, and few have a medical home. We recommend that seamless medical care be provided to all adults with SB, coordinated by a primary care provider, to facilitate comprehensive care.