我院双休日门诊的实践分析

2011年出台的上海市医改方案将优化医疗资源配置作为深入推进上海医改的5项基础工作之一.医疗资源配置除了需重点布局空间配置外,还需要考虑时间维度的配置.近年来非工作日门诊受到医院管理者的重视,绝大多数病人认为有必要设立双休日门诊[1-3].在这种背景下,双休日门诊在推进医疗资源的时间维度配置方面就发挥了重要作用. 我们通过对上海市大型公立医院的双休日门诊开设情况的调查,发现双休日门诊有助于改变公众的传统就医模式,有助于分流工作日的就医人群,优化医疗资源的时间维度配置,让潜在的就医需求得到满足,从而提高疾病的早期就诊率,并最终降低整个人群的疾病负担. 对象与方法 我院是上海市中心城区三甲综合性医院,一直设有周六门诊,并于2009年1月1日起正式开设全程双休日门诊.门诊流量统计在医院管理过程中起到非常重要的作用,我们整理了2008年1月～2011年3月期间双休日和工作日平均诊次情况.数据通过EXCEL2007录入,使用SPSS17.0软件进行统计学分析.     

上海市某区敬老院老人在住费用影响因素分析

截至2006年底,我国60岁以上老年人有1.49亿,其中80岁及以上老人占10.5%。有资料报道,城市80岁以上老人认为自己日常生活需要照料的占老人总数的33.1%,农村占30.4%〔1〕。高龄老人、带病伤残老人的特殊照顾依靠家庭养老是难以胜任的,机构养老作为社会养老的重要组成部分显示出不     

甲型H1N1流行性感冒病毒血凝素蛋白基因进化研究

Objective To determine the evolutionary rate and divergence time of influenza A virus HA gene isolated recently worldwide pandemic and explore the origin and its transmission. Methods A total of 344 HI sequences available in the GenBank (including 248 isolated from human, 84 from swine, 11 from avian, and 1 from ferret) and 7 isolated in Shanghai were collected. The nucleotide substitution rate and time to most recent common ancestor (tMRCA) was calculated using molecular clock theory and Bayesian Skyline Plot (BSP) based on Markov chain Monte Carlo. Then genetic phylogeny was constructed referring to posterior distribution. Results It was found that H1 sequences in the US from human, swine and avian were clustered significantly with swine H1 ones from Asia phylogenetieally (Cluster US). The second cluster (Cluster Eurasian Human) nearly consisted of human H1 sequences isolated in other regions. The third cluster (Cluster Eurasian Animal) consisted of swine and avian H1 sequences from China and Italy respectively. As for all the H1 sequences, the evolutionary rate was of 2.57×10-3substitutions/site per year averagely (95% Highest Posterior Density: 1.96×10-3-3.03×10-3/site per year). The estimated dates for tMRCA of human H1 in Europe and swine H1 in the mainland of China were the earliest, with the corresponding rates of 6.46×10-3/site per year and 0.97×10-3/site per year respectively. The tMRCAs of human and swine H1 sequences from the US were similar, with the rates of 5.86×10-3/site per year and 5.02×10-3/site per year. Conclusion The present flu outbreak was possibly induced by long-term circulation of influenza A virus (H1 N1) in human population and swine herds in America. There was no evidence proving that influenza virus in China involved in the present outbreak.     

全国卫生监督机构人员数量及编制情况分析

目的了解2009年全国卫生监督机构人员数量情况,包括人员总数、执法人员数量,卫生监督机构编制等基本情况。方法通过分析普查获得的数据,应用SPSS16.0软件对数据进行统计分析,以获取全国卫生监督机构及其人员的相关信息。结果 (1)全国卫生监督人员数量不足,平均每万常住人口拥有0.75名卫生监督人员;(2)全国卫生监督执法人员数量不足,平均每万常住人口拥有0.52名执法人员;(3)卫生监督机构总体上空编、编缺、超编现象并存。结论 (1)卫生监督人员数量不足,应继续加强队伍建设;(2)卫生监督机构编制不足,建议充分利用现有定编并扩大编制数量。     

中国西南地区职业紧张常模及分级标准

目的制订职业紧张量表总体、性别常模、粗分转换为T分表及分级标准.方法采用职业紧张量表(OSI-R),对 4278例常模样本施测.结果职业、性别、学历是影响OSI-R问卷结果最多的变量(Beta＝-0.39、-0.13、-0.25).职业任务、紧张反应总均分及各子项得分(除工作环境、业务、心理紧张反应外)男性均高于女性(P＜0.01).娱乐休闲子项评分男性高于女性(27.6±5.5/27.1±5.4,P＜0.01),自我保健子项评分女性高于男性(30.2±5.6/29.0±5.8,P＜0.01). 采用OSI-R量表分别研制了中国西南地区职业紧张量表总体、不同性别常模、粗分转换为T分表.职业紧张程度分级标准职业任务和紧张反应问卷中,T分≥70分者,为高度职业紧张、紧张反应;T分在60～69分为中度职业紧张、紧张反应;T分在40～59分,为适度职业紧张和紧张反应,处于正常范围;T分40分为相对缺乏职业紧张和紧张反应. 在应对资源问卷中, T分＜30分为高度缺乏应对资源;T分在30～39分为中度缺乏应对资源;T分在40～59分为有适度的应对资源,属于正常范围;T分≥60分为有很强的应对资源.结论不同职业、性别、受教育程度、年龄、个体、职业紧张程度不同.     

甲型H1N1流行性感冒病毒血凝素蛋白基因进化研究

Objective To determine the evolutionary rate and divergence time of influenza A virus HA gene isolated recently worldwide pandemic and explore the origin and its transmission. Methods A total of 344 HI sequences available in the GenBank (including 248 isolated from human, 84 from swine, 11 from avian, and 1 from ferret) and 7 isolated in Shanghai were collected. The nucleotide substitution rate and time to most recent common ancestor (tMRCA) was calculated using molecular clock theory and Bayesian Skyline Plot (BSP) based on Markov chain Monte Carlo. Then genetic phylogeny was constructed referring to posterior distribution. Results It was found that H1 sequences in the US from human, swine and avian were clustered significantly with swine H1 ones from Asia phylogenetieally (Cluster US). The second cluster (Cluster Eurasian Human) nearly consisted of human H1 sequences isolated in other regions. The third cluster (Cluster Eurasian Animal) consisted of swine and avian H1 sequences from China and Italy respectively. As for all the H1 sequences, the evolutionary rate was of 2.57×10-3substitutions/site per year averagely (95% Highest Posterior Density: 1.96×10-3-3.03×10-3/site per year). The estimated dates for tMRCA of human H1 in Europe and swine H1 in the mainland of China were the earliest, with the corresponding rates of 6.46×10-3/site per year and 0.97×10-3/site per year respectively. The tMRCAs of human and swine H1 sequences from the US were similar, with the rates of 5.86×10-3/site per year and 5.02×10-3/site per year. Conclusion The present flu outbreak was possibly induced by long-term circulation of influenza A virus (H1 N1) in human population and swine herds in America. There was no evidence proving that influenza virus in China involved in the present outbreak.     

甲型H1N1流行性感冒病毒血凝素蛋白基因进化研究

Objective To determine the evolutionary rate and divergence time of influenza A virus HA gene isolated recently worldwide pandemic and explore the origin and its transmission. Methods A total of 344 HI sequences available in the GenBank (including 248 isolated from human, 84 from swine, 11 from avian, and 1 from ferret) and 7 isolated in Shanghai were collected. The nucleotide substitution rate and time to most recent common ancestor (tMRCA) was calculated using molecular clock theory and Bayesian Skyline Plot (BSP) based on Markov chain Monte Carlo. Then genetic phylogeny was constructed referring to posterior distribution. Results It was found that H1 sequences in the US from human, swine and avian were clustered significantly with swine H1 ones from Asia phylogenetieally (Cluster US). The second cluster (Cluster Eurasian Human) nearly consisted of human H1 sequences isolated in other regions. The third cluster (Cluster Eurasian Animal) consisted of swine and avian H1 sequences from China and Italy respectively. As for all the H1 sequences, the evolutionary rate was of 2.57×10-3substitutions/site per year averagely (95% Highest Posterior Density: 1.96×10-3-3.03×10-3/site per year). The estimated dates for tMRCA of human H1 in Europe and swine H1 in the mainland of China were the earliest, with the corresponding rates of 6.46×10-3/site per year and 0.97×10-3/site per year respectively. The tMRCAs of human and swine H1 sequences from the US were similar, with the rates of 5.86×10-3/site per year and 5.02×10-3/site per year. Conclusion The present flu outbreak was possibly induced by long-term circulation of influenza A virus (H1 N1) in human population and swine herds in America. There was no evidence proving that influenza virus in China involved in the present outbreak.     

甲型H1N1流行性感冒病毒血凝素蛋白基因进化研究

Objective To determine the evolutionary rate and divergence time of influenza A virus HA gene isolated recently worldwide pandemic and explore the origin and its transmission. Methods A total of 344 HI sequences available in the GenBank (including 248 isolated from human, 84 from swine, 11 from avian, and 1 from ferret) and 7 isolated in Shanghai were collected. The nucleotide substitution rate and time to most recent common ancestor (tMRCA) was calculated using molecular clock theory and Bayesian Skyline Plot (BSP) based on Markov chain Monte Carlo. Then genetic phylogeny was constructed referring to posterior distribution. Results It was found that H1 sequences in the US from human, swine and avian were clustered significantly with swine H1 ones from Asia phylogenetieally (Cluster US). The second cluster (Cluster Eurasian Human) nearly consisted of human H1 sequences isolated in other regions. The third cluster (Cluster Eurasian Animal) consisted of swine and avian H1 sequences from China and Italy respectively. As for all the H1 sequences, the evolutionary rate was of 2.57×10-3substitutions/site per year averagely (95% Highest Posterior Density: 1.96×10-3-3.03×10-3/site per year). The estimated dates for tMRCA of human H1 in Europe and swine H1 in the mainland of China were the earliest, with the corresponding rates of 6.46×10-3/site per year and 0.97×10-3/site per year respectively. The tMRCAs of human and swine H1 sequences from the US were similar, with the rates of 5.86×10-3/site per year and 5.02×10-3/site per year. Conclusion The present flu outbreak was possibly induced by long-term circulation of influenza A virus (H1 N1) in human population and swine herds in America. There was no evidence proving that influenza virus in China involved in the present outbreak.     

广州市医院门诊服务调查报告

目的：通过对医院门诊病人来源及流向调查，探求市场机制对医疗资源配置的影响，为科学制定医疗机构设置规划提供基础数据和决策依据。方法：采用市场调查和分析方法对广州市医院门诊病人的来源、流向及医疗机构服务范围、服务半径进行研究。结果：门诊病人87．90％为本市常住人口，12、10％为外来就医者。有34、14％的本市病人在本行政区就诊，跨区就诊的病人主要流向了三级医院。不同类型医院门诊服务的市场占有率不同。关联指数和承担指数分析表明，有些行政区居民对本区医疗资源依赖程度不高，有些行政区内医疗资源对本区居民的依赖程度不高。结论：提示制定医疗资源配置规划时，应结合市场机制对医疗服务市场的影响，合理配置医疗资源的总量、结构和布局。     

第18届国际流行病学大会概况

第18届国际流行病学大会于2008年9月20-24日在巴西南部的阿雷格里港(Porto Alegre)召开,来自全球7000多名流行病学工作者和国际知名的流行病学专家参加了这一为期4天的学术会议.