砷的致癌机制

流行病学研究证明由于环境，职业和治疗性原因使人类长期暴露于砷及其化合物，皮肤、膀胱及呼吸系统等部位的肿瘤发病率明显增高。在我国大陆部分地区、台湾、孟加拉、中美和南美洲的居民，长期饮用高砷(5μg/L)水，皮肤损伤和皮肤癌，膀胱癌发病率很高，皮肤癌可以发生在身体暴露和非暴露于阳光的部位。病理形态上是鳞癌和基底细胞癌，或者两类混合发生，并在棘细胞内发现大小不等的黑素颗粒。     

克山病的病因与流行机制

目的报告关于克山病病因的研究结果。方法病因流行病学方法；病理学和实验病理方法；文献学方法。结果克山病病因流行病学研究所见：克山病的病因是特定自然、社会、生活条件下形成的黄绿青霉毒素(citreoviridin，CIT)中毒；传播途径是病区产的粮食与饮水无关；玉米、小米等粮食传病，小麦不传或少传；粮食在湿冷环境中被青霉菌污染并产生CIT毒素。克山病的病理、病理化学、实验病理研究所见：从亚急型克山病以及解剖可见，心肌的早期病理改变是线粒体功能与结构的破坏。ATPases同琥珀酸脱氢酶等系列心肌酶的活性被明显抑制、改变、比例失衡，同时线粒体的结构也出现了相应的改变。心肌线粒体肿胀，嵴膜破坏，线粒体膜融合、消失。CIT毒素对心肌线粒体的作用机制：CIT是ArrP的类似物，可与AIPases相作用而降低其活性。由此开始，逐步发展、变化，最终导致克山病特异的心肌坏死。结论上述的3个方面基本是相互独立的各自发现，但可紧密的相互认证，相互支持，支持克山病的致病因子可能是青霉菌污染粮食产生的黄绿青霉毒素。     

用SCGE法观察砷、氟、黄绿青霉素和T-2毒素引起的SGC-7901细胞基因组DNA损伤

目的观察砷、氟、黄绿青霉素和T-2毒素对SGC-790l细胞基因组DNA的损伤作用及特点。方法染毒剂量lOμmol／L，染毒后4h应用单细胞凝胶电泳技术结合“彗星图像分析系统”检测DNA损伤。结果NaAsO2组尾长明显大于对照组；NaF组拖尾率显著高于对照组；CIT组总拖尾率、尾长和尾动量均高于对照组；而T-2毒素组各指标均高于对照组。结论NaAsO2、NaF、CIT和T-2毒素均可引起DNA损伤，但各有特点，说明它们引起DNA损伤的机制可能是不同的。     

成人大骨节病膝关节间隙的X线观察

Objective To observe and scale knee joint space of the patients who suffered adults' Kaschin-Beck disease (KBD) in Shangzhi City of Heilongjiang Province in order to acquire basic knowledge for upcoming intervention trial. Methods Clinical test was proceeded in adults aged above 40 in Guanghui Village of Shangzhi City in 2007. In typical patients, bilateral knee X-ray was taken and knee joint space was scaled. Three points were chosen on inner and outer epicondyle of each knee and results were recorded. Results There were 307 peoples over the age of 40 in the village. Two hundred eighty-two accepted clinical test, in a rate of 91.9%. Eighty out of 282 suffered KBD, accounting for 28.4%. When the patients' condition became more serious, measurements from flank, middle, inside points on outer epicondyle of joint space presented a narrowing trend [degree Ⅰ: (5.85±0.17), (4.84±0.17), (4.36±0.18)mm; degree Ⅱ: (5.11±0.43), (4.24±0.34), (3.48±0.28)nun; degree Ⅲ: (3.59± 0.78), (3.10±0.56), (2.14±0.62)mm; Fflank,middle,inside= 6.547,5.372,10.302, all P < 0.05], but those on inner epicondyle of joint space did not[degree Ⅰ:(3.66±0.17), (3.47±0.17), (3.73±0.18)mm; degree Ⅱ:(3.55± 0.34), (3.54±0.29), (4.35±0.35)mm; degree Ⅲ: (3.19±0.72), (3.92±0.66), (4.51±0.72)ram; Finside,middle,flank= 0.351,0.356,1.883, all P > 0.05]. Joint space < 5.00 mm were found in 618, among which 363 were measured on inner epieondyle, obviously greater than those measured on outer epicondyle of joint space(255), the difference being statistically signifieant(χ2=9.59, P<0.05). Conclusions Adult cases of KBD occur in Guanghui Village. Knee joint space of adult patients narrows obviously, the more serious, the narrower, especially occurring more obviously on outer epicondyle, but frequently on inner epicondyle.     

慢性砷暴露对CDH1、GSTP 1、MGMT、EREG和 ERCC 2基因启动子区甲基化的影响

目的探讨慢性砷暴露对CDH1、GSTP 1、MGMT、EREG和ERCC 2基因启动子区甲基化的影响以及无机砷对人体的远期毒性作用。方法采用病例对照研究方法,利用MethylTargetTM甲基化检测技术对病例组、暴露组、改水组、对照组CDH1、GSTP 1、MGMT、EREG和ERCC 2基因启动子区CpG岛甲基化水平进行检测。结果病例组与对照组比较,GSTP 1、MGMT和ERCC 2基因CpG位点甲基化差异显著;ERCC 2基因甲基化单倍型ttttttccccctcc、ttttttccctctcc和ttttttccccctct甲基化差异显著。暴露组与对照组比较,CDH1、GSTP 1、MGMT和ERCC 2基因CpG位点甲基化差异显著;CDH1基因甲基化单倍型tttttttttttctttttttttt、MGMT基因甲基化单倍型cttttttttttttttttttttt和cccccccttttttttttttttt以及ERCC 2基因甲基化单倍型ttttttccccctcc甲基化差异显著;MGMT和ERCC 2基因启动子区整体甲基化水平显著高于对照组。改水组与对照组比较,GSTP 1、MGMT、EREG和ERCC 2基因CpG位点甲基化差异显著;GSTP 1基因甲基化单倍型ttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttt、EREG基因甲基化单倍型ccccctctcccccccc以及ERCC 2基因甲基化单倍型ttttttttttttcttttt和tttttttttttttttttt甲基化差异显著;MGMT基因启动子区整体甲基化水平仍显著高于对照组。结论 CDH1、GSTP 1、MGMT和ERCC 2基因在无机砷暴露条件下可能发生异常甲基化;GSTP1、MGMT和ERCC 2基因启动子区发生甲基化可能参与了地砷病的发生发展过程;改水后MGMT基因甲基化仍然表现为异常,无机砷对人体具有长期的毒性作用。     

一切为了地方病的控制——庆贺地病中心成立20周年

20年的光阴．在历史的长河中只是弹指一瞬间，但对地病中心而言，却使它经历了从诞生、成长到充满青春活力的不平凡历程。地病中心从成立起．就始终牢记我国改革开放总设计师邓小平同志的教诲“防治地方病，为民造福”，摒弃学院派做法，注重现场实践，坚持理论联系实际，解决影响我国地方病防治工作的科学问题．将“一切为了地方病控制”这句话作为地病中心的工作准则．承担起国家的地方病防治责任。20年来，地病中心在卫生部、中国疾病预防控制中心和哈尔滨医科大学的正确领导与大力支持下，在全国地方病防治、监测、科学研究、人员培训、技术咨询、健康教育等各项工作中，取得了显著成绩，完成了国家交给的各项任务。地病中心走过的20年历程，也是我国地方病近20年的防治工作缩影，现作一回顾，一是为了庆贺，二是为了记载这段历史，以示后人。     

2005年全国碘缺乏病监测资料汇总分析

目的汇总分析2005年全国32个省级建制单位碘缺乏病的监测资料。方法按人口比例概率抽样方法（PPS）进行抽样，采用国家统一的方法进行各项指标的检测，并采取相应的质量保障措施。结果全国32个省级建制单位合格碘盐食用率为90．2％．碘盐覆盖率为94．9％，8～10岁儿童尿碘中位数为246．3μg／L，8～10岁儿童甲状腺肿大率为5．0％，健康教育学生组的全国平均分为57．2分，健康教育家庭主妇组的全国平均分为82．6分，全国儿童平均智商为103．4。结论各项监测指标在国家水平上已经达标．但各省碘盐、尿碘、甲状腺肿大率以及健康教育等指标仍存在一些问题。     

成人大骨节病膝关节间隙的X线观察

Objective To observe and scale knee joint space of the patients who suffered adults' Kaschin-Beck disease (KBD) in Shangzhi City of Heilongjiang Province in order to acquire basic knowledge for upcoming intervention trial. Methods Clinical test was proceeded in adults aged above 40 in Guanghui Village of Shangzhi City in 2007. In typical patients, bilateral knee X-ray was taken and knee joint space was scaled. Three points were chosen on inner and outer epicondyle of each knee and results were recorded. Results There were 307 peoples over the age of 40 in the village. Two hundred eighty-two accepted clinical test, in a rate of 91.9%. Eighty out of 282 suffered KBD, accounting for 28.4%. When the patients' condition became more serious, measurements from flank, middle, inside points on outer epicondyle of joint space presented a narrowing trend [degree Ⅰ: (5.85±0.17), (4.84±0.17), (4.36±0.18)mm; degree Ⅱ: (5.11±0.43), (4.24±0.34), (3.48±0.28)nun; degree Ⅲ: (3.59± 0.78), (3.10±0.56), (2.14±0.62)mm; Fflank,middle,inside= 6.547,5.372,10.302, all P < 0.05], but those on inner epicondyle of joint space did not[degree Ⅰ:(3.66±0.17), (3.47±0.17), (3.73±0.18)mm; degree Ⅱ:(3.55± 0.34), (3.54±0.29), (4.35±0.35)mm; degree Ⅲ: (3.19±0.72), (3.92±0.66), (4.51±0.72)ram; Finside,middle,flank= 0.351,0.356,1.883, all P > 0.05]. Joint space < 5.00 mm were found in 618, among which 363 were measured on inner epieondyle, obviously greater than those measured on outer epicondyle of joint space(255), the difference being statistically signifieant(χ2=9.59, P<0.05). Conclusions Adult cases of KBD occur in Guanghui Village. Knee joint space of adult patients narrows obviously, the more serious, the narrower, especially occurring more obviously on outer epicondyle, but frequently on inner epicondyle.     

砖茶氟在大鼠体内24小时代谢实验观察

目的观察砖茶氟在大鼠体内24h吸收、分布及排泄的动态变化。方法将Wistar大鼠分为两组,用灌胃方法分别给予砖茶水和氟化钠(NaF),含氟均为300mg/L。在染氟后0.25、0.5、1、2、4、8、16、24h处死动物,取血、小肠、股骨、肌肉、心、肝、肺、脾、脑及肾,用氟离子选择电极法测定氟水平。结果两组大鼠骨氟最高,24h内呈现明显的蓄积作用,至24h时,砖茶组骨氟增加了约77mg/kg,NaF组骨氟增加了约70mg/kg,两组比较,NaF在大鼠体内的代谢速度较砖茶氟快,表现为在各组织中达到峰值的时间早,排泄的速度快,24h内在软组织中无蓄积作用。砖茶氟吸收、分布及排泄的速度均较NaF慢,在各组织器官中的浓度较NaF组稍高,除骨外,在小肠、心脏中也有轻微的蓄积作用。结论砖茶氟在大鼠体内24h代谢速度较NaF慢,且砖茶氟在多种组织中均似有蓄积作用。