重复经颅磁刺激对脑瘫患儿功能网络的影响

目的通过功能磁共振成像(fMRI)方法研究重复经颅磁刺激(rTMS)对脑瘫患儿功能网络的影响,为了解rTMS对脑瘫患儿的治疗效果及作用机制提供影像学依据。方法对1例脑瘫患儿进行为期一年的周期性rTMS治疗,刺激频率1Hz,每个治疗周期后进行静息态功能磁共振成像扫描。选取刺激额中回区域为种子点,分析种子点与全脑所有体素的功能连接情况,并将不同治疗阶段的功能网络进行对比分析。结果额中回与全脑的功能连接性随治疗时间逐渐增强,连接区域逐渐增大,尤其是与运动皮层、小脑、楔前叶以及海马的连接范围及强度呈明显的动态变化。结论在前额叶区域对脑瘫患儿进行重复性经颅磁刺激治疗可以有效改善其大脑的功能连接情况,这些结果证明了rTMS对脑瘫患儿的治疗效果。     

Electrical impedance myography for discriminating traumatic peripheral nerve injury in the upper extremity

Objective

To evaluate the potential of electrical impedance myography (EIM), which is sensitive to the changes in muscle structure and physiology, in discriminating traumatic peripheral nerve injury (TPNI) in the upper extremity. To identify factors that primarily influence muscle atrophy secondary to nerve injury.

Alkaloids from Clematis manshurica Rupr

Three new alkaloids together with two known compounds have been isolated from the roots of Clematis manshurica. On the basis of their spectroscopic and chemical evidence, the new compounds were elucidated as methyl 7-ethoxy-3-indolecarbonate (2), methyl 7-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 --> 6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl 3-indolecarbonate (3) and alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 --> 6)-beta-d-glucopyranosyl 3-indolecarbonate (4).     

基于药品质量提升的价格制度性影响因素分析

 目的 探索影响药品质量提升的价格制度性因素,促进药品质量与药品价格关联的合理性回归。方法 厘清药品质量内涵、药品质量与药品价格关系,通过基于专家访谈的结果编制调查问卷并对药品价格25个制度性影响因素进行描述统计和结构方程模型分析。结果 药品价格影响药品质量提升的问题,不是完全由药品价格规制所决定,药品商业贿赂、药品流通环节多和费用多、能否进入医保报销目录、企业内部成本管理制度等问题是影响价格政策发挥作用的关键性因素。结论 价格规制政策调整的方向,要以理顺企业内部成本管理制度为重点,对企业内部培训再教育、节能减排和仿制药质量一致性评价等方面给予价格政策鼓励,可弥补医药企业提升药品质量动力不足的问题。     

Identification of two new HLA-A*0201-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitopes from colorectal carcinoma-associated antigen PLAC1/CP1

Background

To explore the potential application of placenta-specific PLAC1/Cancer Placenta (CP) 1 antigen for immunotherapy in CRC patients, further identification of the cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitopes from this antigen is necessary.

Methods

We assessed the protein expression of PLAC1/CP1 using a tissue chip and immunochemistry staining in CRC samples. Simultaneously, we predicted four PLAC1/CP1-derived HLA-A*0201-restricted peptides by using reverse immunology methods. Peptide-specific CD8⁺ T cell responses were assessed by an IFN-γ release ELISPOT assay. Effector CD8⁺ T cells lyse HLA-A*0201 CRC cell line SW620 was detected in a granzyme-B release ELISPOT cytotoxicity assay.

Results

Our results indicated that PLAC1/CP1 was highly expressed in 56.7 % (55/97) of adenocarcinomas. PLAC1/CP1 protein expression was associated with CRC tumor differentiation, the tumor/node/metastasis stage, and lymph node metastasis. Two of four peptides showed high affinities in an HLA-A2 binding assay. In 66.7 % (6/9) of peripheral blood mononuclear cells of CRC samples with PLAC1/CP1 protein-positive expression, these two peptides, PLAC1/CP1 p41-50 (FMLNNDVCV) and PLAC1/CP1 p69-77 (HAYQFTYRV), were immunogenic in the induction of peptide-specific CD8⁺ T cell responses as assessed by an IFN-γ release ELISPOT assay. Furthermore, the generated effector CD8⁺ T cells could specifically lyse the PLAC1/CP1 HLA-A*0201 CRC cell line SW620 in a granzyme-B release ELISPOT cytotoxicity assay.

Conclusions

These results show that the PLAC1/CP1 antigen is a possible prognostic marker of CRC and that PLAC1/CP1 p41-50 and PLAC1/CP1 p69-77 are novel HLA-A*0201-restricted CD8⁺ T cell epitopes and potential targets for peptide-based immunotherapy in CRC patients.     

Sensilla on the antenna of blow fly,Triceratopyga calliphoroides Rohdendorf (Diptera: Calliphoridae)

Blow fly, Triceratopyga calliphoroides Rohdendorf, is a common and synanthropic species of medical and forensic significance in eastern Asia. Field monitoring studies have indicated that olfaction system plays an important role in guiding the behavior of insect species. To further our understanding of fly olfaction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) are applied to examine the sensillar morphology of adults, with an emphasis on sensory pit and sacculus. Both microtrichiae and several mechanoreceptors are detected on antennal scape and pedicel. Except for these two structures, pedicellar buttons are also found in antennal pedicellar depression after the separation of antennal pedicel and funiculus. Eight types of antennal sensilla are observed on external surface of antennal funiculus (one type of trichoid sensilla, three types of basiconic sensilla, three types of coeloconic sensilla, and one type of clavate-like sensilla), while two types (one type of basiconic sensilla and one type of coeloconic-like sensilla) are detected at the inner surface of sensory pits or sacculus. As the first to investigate cuticular invaginations of blow flies via paraffin section, the internal structure of abundant sensory pits and an excessively complex sacculus on antennal funiculus are revealed. After comparison to other species previously studied, this phenomenon is proved to be the most unique feature of T. calliphoroides, armed with a discussion on its morphology, function, and possible evolutionary implications.     

概述正北芪作为优质道地黄芪的优势

从气象条件、生态环境两方面概述正北芪的产地环境特点;从直观、微观两个角度描述正北芪的性状结构;介绍黄芪有效成分的药用价值,并对正北芪与其他黄芪的有效成分含量进行比较,阐述正北芪作为优质道地黄芪的优势。     

Isolation and characterisation of polymorphic genomic SSRs markers for the endangered tree Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge

Yellow-horn (Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge) is an endangered tree in northern China that has been devastated by humans during the past several decades. We have developed 84 microsatellite markers and tested them in eight trees sampled from four provinces. 38 loci were found to be polymorphic. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 8, and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.117 to 0.855. 11 of 38 primers randomly selected also successfully amplified DNA from two population. These markers are essential for assessing the gene flow and mating system of Yellow-horn for conservation of this endangered species.     

Investigating Pseudomonas putida–Candida humicola Interactions as Affected by Chelate Fe(III) in Soil

Microcalorimetric technique was applied to assess the toxic effect of EDTA-chelated trivalent iron on Pseudomonas putida (P. putida) (bacterium), Candida humicola (C. humicola) (fungus) and their mixture in sterilized soil. Microbial growth rate constant k, total heat evolution Q _T, metabolic enthalpy ?H _met, mass specific heat rate J _Q/S, microbial biomass C and inhibitory ratio I were calculated. Results showed that microcalorimetric indexes decreased with the increasing Fe(III)-EDTA complex concentration. Comparing the single and mixed strains, the effect of Fe(III) on bacterium-fungus interaction was dominant at lower dose, whereas, the metal toxicity at high dose of Fe was the main factor affecting P. putida and C. humicola activity. Thus, the mixture had moderate tolerance to the iron overload, and exhibit synergistic interaction in exponential growth phase (0–0.3 mg g^?1). The results of glucose degradation showed that glucose was consumed totally at the end of exponential phase of microbial growth.     

基于蒙特卡罗方法的脑转移瘤术中放疗施照器设计及剂量学评估

目的 设计适用脑转移瘤术中放疗的施照器并评估其剂量学特征。方法 施照器设计首先通过模拟计算电子束经过一系列不同厚度散射箔后的散射角和剂量率，确定散射箔厚度；其次，建立散射箔位于不同高度的位置评估模型，通过计算模型表面平均能量方差，确定散射箔位置；最后，建立调节层几何结构特征与施照器表面剂量之间的关系，确定调制器的内表面特征。使用蒙特卡罗（MC）EGSnrc/BEAMnrc和EGS4/DOSXYZ程序完成Mobetron加速器、位置评估模型、调节层、施照器建模和剂量学分析。结果 半球囊状施照器的限光筒直径为2.5 cm、筒壁厚0.5 cm，材料为0.2 cm厚水等效材料加0.3 cm厚不锈钢；散射箔厚度0.14 cm，材料为金属钨，位置高度为0.5 cm；调制器为月牙形，材料为水等效材料。该施照器能够使Mobetron 12 MeV的电子束产生半球面剂量分布，剂量率为160 cGy/min，治疗深度为0.85 cm。结论 采用MC模拟设计的适用于高能电子束的半球囊状施照器，能产生半球面剂量分布。