Short-term indomethacin administration does not impair excretion of acute potassium load in humans

Maintenance treatment with prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors often causes some degree of hyperkalemia, indicating impaired potassium (K) excretion. Hypoaldosteronism probably is a mediating factor, but it is unknown whether these drugs also impair renal K excretion directly. Indomethacin, for example, stimulates NaCl reabsorption in Henle's loop, and thus may impair K excretion by decreasing distal NaCl delivery. We therefore studied the effect of 1 day administration of indomethacin (50 mg tid) on the excretion of a single oral KCl (1 mmol kg-1 body weight) in six healthy volunteers taking a 40 mmol sodium diet. To allow analysis of renal sodium handling, clearance studies were performed during water loading. In this acute setting, indomethacin had no effect on plasma K, and did not decrease plasma aldosterone. However, indomethacin clearly reduced NaCl excretion. Nonetheless, the excretion of the K load was entirely normal. Excretion of the K load was accompanied by increased clearance of phosphate and uric acid, and natriuresis. Data derived from the maximal free water clearance were compatible with increased delivery to and decreased reabsorption from the diluting segment. Occurrence of these effects was not prevented by indomethacin, although overall NaCl excretion remained less than observed without indomethacin. Indomethacin reduced prostaglandin E2 excretion substantially. Apparently, in normal man indomethacin does not impair K excretion directly, even though it greatly reduces NaCl excretion. Moreover, the effects of K on renal NaCl handling, probably contributing to the excretion of a K load, are not dependent on renal prostaglandins.     

C-reactive Protein Level,Apolipoprotein B-to-apolipoprotein A-1 Ratio,and Risks of Ischemic Stroke and Coronary Heart Disease among Inner Mongolians in China

Objective We aimed to investigate the cumulative effect of high CRP level and apolipoprotein B-to-apolipoprotein A-1(ApoB/ApoA-1) ratio on the incidence of ischemic stroke(IS) or coronary heart disease(CHD) in a Mongolian population in China.Methods From June 2003 to July 2012,2589 Mongolian participants were followed up for IS and CHD events based on baseline investigation.All the participants were divided into four subgroups according to C-reactive protein(CRP) level and ApoB/ApoA-1 ratio.Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the hazard ratios(HRs) and 95% confidence intervals(CIs) for the IS and CHD events in all the subgroups.Results The HRs(95% CI) for IS and CHD were 1.33(0.84-2.12),1.14(0.69-1.88),and 1.91(1.17-3.11) in the ‘low CRP level with high ApoB/ApoA-1',‘high CRP level with low ApoB/ApoA-1',and ‘high CRP level with high ApoB/ApoA-1' subgroups,respectively,in comparison with the ‘low CRP level with low ApoB/ApoA-1' subgroup.The risks of IS and CHD events was highest in the ‘high CRP level with high ApoB/ApoA-1' subgroup,with statistical significance.Conclusion High CRP level with high ApoB/ApoA-1 ratio was associated with the highest risks of IS and CHD in the Mongolian population.This study suggests that the combination of high CRP and ApoB/ApoA-1 ratio may improve the assessment of future risk of developing IS and CHD in the general population.     

蒙古族高血压与危险因素聚集关联性分析

目的 探讨高血脂、高血糖、饮酒和超重的聚集与农牧区蒙古族高血压患病危险性的关联.方法 选择内蒙古科左后旗和奈曼旗农村20岁～居民,调查其高血压患病和相关危险因素以及吸烟、饮酒等生活方式,测量血压、身高、体重、腰围和臀围,检测血糖、血脂;采用Logistic回归模型对危险因素聚集项数与高血压的关联性进行分析.结果 调整年龄和性别因素后,危险因素聚集1～4项的OR值分别为1.297(95%CI=1.035～1.624),3.064(95%CI=2.393～3.923),3.490(95%CI=2.486～4.900)和3.777(95%CI=1.781～8.013);危险因素聚集2项及以上的OR值均高于1项的OR值.结论 农牧区蒙古族人群高血压患病危险性随着危险因素的聚集项数而增加.     

补饲不同蛋白质水平精料对放牧绒山羊生产性能的影响

本文旨在研究补饲不同蛋白质水平精料对放牧绒山羊生产性能的影响情况。选用平均体重、上一年平均产绒量相近,2周岁左右的内蒙古绒山羊羯羊40只,随机分为4组,每组10只,其中1组为对照组,另外3组为试验组(简称Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组),试验组分别补饲3种不同蛋白水平(12%、24%和36%)的混合精料200g/d,对照组不补饲。结果表明,产绒量试验组与对照组之间差异不显著(P>0.05),但是,试验组内Ⅰ组(817.38±36.36g)显著高于Ⅲ组(760.25±40.34g)(P<0.05)。绒长度在绒生长旺盛期各月份均以试验Ⅰ组显著高于对照组和其它试验组(P<0.05)。绒生长旺盛期的各月份的绒细度和净绒率,各组间差异不显著(P>0.05),但是,从数据上可以看出各月份绒细度随着蛋白质水平的增加而增加。绒毛与粗毛重量百分比,绒生长旺盛期的各月份试验组均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。粗毛的长度以试验Ⅱ组最长,试验Ⅰ组最短,但是各组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。含绒率9月份以试验Ⅰ组显著高于试验Ⅱ组和对照组(P<0.05),10月份和11月份各组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。试验各组绒山羊各月月末体重变化差异不显著(P>0.05)。总增重试验组显著高于对照组(P<0.05),试验Ⅰ组最高,对照组最低。(结论)由此,建议绒山羊绒生长旺盛期补饲200g含粗蛋白质12%混合精料。     

蒙古族7?18岁青少年超重肥胖25年变化趋势分析

目的 了解25(1985-2010)年间蒙古族7～18岁青少年超重肥胖长期变化趋势.方法 采用现况研究方法,应用1985、2000和2010年共计18 366人的蒙古族7～18岁青少年体质健康调研数据,分析比较不同监测年份、性别、城乡间的儿童青少年BMI均数和超重肥胖检出率.结果 25年间蒙古族7～18岁青少年BMI均数总体变化趋势为逐年升高,1985、2000和2010年超重、肥胖检出率分别为2.1％、0.5％,6.3％、2.4％和9.1％、6.6％;1985-2000年的15年间超重、肥胖率分别增长了2倍和4倍,2010年时比1985年增长4倍和12倍.1985、2000和2010年超重、肥胖检出率在城市男性中分别为1.2％、0,7.9％、3.4％和11.0％、11.8％;农村男性分别为0.6％、0.6％,2.8％、2.1％和9.0％、3.4％;城市女性分别为1.8％、0.3％,8.1％、4.3％和9.4％、8.4％;农村女性分别为4.5％、0.9％,8.8％、2.2％和10.2％、4.5％,各组间不同监测年份其超重、肥胖检出率的差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),且呈逐年增加趋势.结论 1985-2010年蒙古族青少年的超重、肥胖检出率大幅上升,并有继续升高的趋势,应采取合理有效措施预防和控制肥胖的发生.     

Combined Effects of Family History of Cardiovascular Disease and Serum C-reactive Protein Level on the Risk of Stroke: A 9.2-year Prospective Study among Mongolians in China

Objective We aimed to evaluate the combined effect of a family history of cardiovascular disease(CVD) and high serum C‐reactive protein(CRP) on the stroke incidence in an Inner Mongolian population in China. Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted from June 2002 to July 2012, with 2,544 participants aged 20 years and over from Inner Mongolia, China. We categorized participants into four groups based on the family history of CVD and CRP levels. Results We adjusted for age; sex; smoking; drinking; hypertension; body mass index; waist circumference; and blood glucose, triglycerides, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Compared with the group with no family history of CVD/low CRP levels, the group with family history of CVD/high CRP levels had a hazard ratio(HR) of 1.78 [95% confidence interval(CI), 1.03‐3.07; P = 0.039] of stroke, and an HR of 2.14(95% CI, 1.09‐4.20; P = 0.027) of ischemic stroke. The HRs of hemorrhagic stroke for the other three groups were not statistically significant(all P 0.05). Conclusion Participants with both a family history of CVD and high CRP levels had the highest stroke incidence, suggesting that high CRP levels may increase stroke risk, especially of ischemic stroke, among individuals with a family history of CVD.     

基于分子对接技术探讨残黄片退黄作用机制

目的:通过分子对接技术研究残黄片治疗黄疸的作用机制。方法:在中药系统药理学分析平台(TCMSP)中筛选残黄片的化学成分,从比较毒理基因组数据库(CTD)和Drug Bank数据库中搜集黄疸治疗相关靶点,利用Discovery Studio2016软件Lib Dock模块进行分子对接,分析成分和靶点的相互作用和网络特征。结果:分子对接发现残黄片37个成分与锁定的孕烷受体,雄烷受体,法尼醇X受体,环氧合酶-2,单胺氧化酶A,诱导型一氧化氮合酶等14个靶点作用较强,可通过调节胆红素代谢、调控胆汁酸合成与转运、抑制免疫与炎症反应、影响肝脏胶原形成等多个途径发挥治疗黄疸作用。成分-靶点作用网络分析发现,残黄片中穆坪马兜铃酰胺,氢化小檗碱,槲皮素,去甲氧基姜黄素,黄柏酮,姜黄素,黄麻甲苷,小檗浸碱,桤木酮,柚皮素共10个成分作用于7个以上靶点,可能为其退黄主要活性成分。结论:通过分子对接揭示了残黄片可能的退黄活性成分和作用机制,有助于后续质控标准的提升和退黄机制的研究。     

蒙古族居民代谢综合征诊断中不同标准比较

目的 比较国际糖尿病联盟(IDF,2005)、美国国家胆固醇教育计划(NCEP)成人治疗组第三次报告(ATPⅢ,2005年修订)和中华医学会糖尿病学分会(CDS,2004)3种代谢综合征(MS)诊断标准在内蒙古通辽市农牧区蒙古族居民中应用的异同.方法 2003年6月～2004年8月,对≥20岁的蒙古族居民进行心血管病危险因素的基线调查,对具有MS组分测量值的居民2 536人,分别应用IDF,ATPⅢ和CDS等3种标准进行代谢综合征调查,比较MS患病率及诊断的一致性.结果 IDF,ATPⅢ和CDS诊断出的MS年龄标化患病率分别为17.1%,22.9%和8.1%.IDF与ATPⅢ,IDF与CDS和ATPⅢ与CDS同时诊断分别为MS或非MS者93.5%,85.0%和81.6%.在≥3种危险因素聚集的人群中,应用ATPⅢ,IDF和CDS标准的检出率分别为100%,76.1%和33.5%.结论 3种诊断标准中,ATPⅢ诊断MS的患病率最高,IDF标准次之.IDF与ATPⅢ标准诊断的一致性很好,CDS与IDF或ATPⅢ一致性中等.IDF和ATPⅢ标准对中国蒙古族男性腰围的取值可能偏高.