醋酸白及碘试验肉眼观察法在农村妇女宫颈癌筛查中的作用

目的探讨醋酸白及碘试验肉眼观察法在宫颈癌筛查中的意义。方法 2008年3月至10月应用醋酸白及碘试验肉眼观察法(VIA/VILI)对华北地区6县市(北京大兴区、天津大港区、河北赤城和曲周、山西襄垣和沁县)6地区部分生育年龄农村妇女进行宫颈癌筛查,对阳性者行阴道镜检查,如异常取活检病理学检查,确诊病变者依据早诊早治技术方案进行治疗。结果 6地区共筛查12208例,大兴、大港、赤城、曲周、襄垣、沁县:VIA/VILI阳性率分别为11.50%、17.95%、21.88%、6.19%、2.95%、6.11%;阴道镜检查的活检率分别为80.43%、83.33%、8.26%、48.00%、100.00%、74.40%;活检病例中宫颈高度以上病变所占比例分别为6.49%、15.67%、18.42%、1.67%、18.33%、21.51%;VIA/VILI对宫颈高度以上病变检出率分别为5.22%、13.06%、1.52%、0.80%、18.33%、16.00%。结论不同地区醋酸白及碘试验肉眼观察法在应用和推广中存在一定的局限性,应予以重视。     

说说你的新家规

“家规”这个字眼似乎有点严肃，联想起古代的“三从四德”，令人不禁感到压抑。其实不然，现代家庭在遵循夫妻平等的原则下，自然也需要一些彼此默许的规则。     

城市和农村妇女高危型人乳头瘤病毒感染的危险因素分析

目的:探讨影响我国城市和农村地区高危型人乳头瘤病毒(HR-HPV)感染的危险因素,为HR-HPV感染和子宫颈癌的防治工作提供依据。方法:采用横断面调查方法对城市地区(北京和上海)1 569人、农村地区(山西和河南)1 763人进行流行病学调查和妇科检查及高危型人乳头瘤病毒检测(HC-Ⅱ)。利用χ2检验和非条件Logistic回归模型分析HR-HPV感染的危险因素。结果:多因素分析结果显示,影响城市地区HR-HPV感染的危险因素为丈夫婚外性行为、生殖器感染史(STD)、流产次数和吸烟,而细胞学检查史是保护因素。影响农村地区HR-HPV感染的危险因素为初次性交年龄、近5年性伴侣数、丈夫婚外性行为、性生活年限和饮酒。结论:影响城市与农村地区妇女感染HR-HPV的危险因素存在着较大差异。提示,在制定预防和控制宫颈癌以及HR-HPV感染的措施时要因地制宜。     

适宜农村地区子宫颈癌筛查方法的研究

目的探索适合宫颈癌高发且经济欠发达地区子宫颈癌及其癌前病变的筛查方法,以最终降低子宫颈癌的发病率和死亡率。方法以山西省襄垣县下良乡35￣55岁的妇女作为对象,进行以人群为基础的宫颈癌筛查。对符合条件的妇女进行危险因素、癌症及子宫颈癌认知情况的问卷调查,用醋酸染色后肉眼观察(VIA)和碘染色后肉眼观察(VILI)进行宫颈检查,结果异常者进行阴道镜下活组织检查并得到最终的病理学诊断。将该次筛查对不同级别病变的检出率与历年来的襄垣地区的筛查结果进行比较。结果该次筛查人群参与率为74.8%。患宫颈糜烂和滴虫感染的妇女分别占受检人群的48.3%和14.8%。最终经活检病理确诊的CINⅠ的现患率为0.8%(10例)、CINⅡ0.7%(9例)、CINⅢ1.1%(13例)、子宫颈癌0.2%(3例)。该次单纯肉眼观察对CINⅡ和对≥CINⅢ病变的检出率略低于已往当地普查项目,但差别无统计学意义。结论在资源有限,经济不发达的农村地区,由经过培训的医生进行肉眼观察的宫颈癌筛查是可行的,单纯肉眼观察是一种经济有效的筛查方法,建议进一步在农村地区进行推广。     

点刺深透治疗漏肩风93例疗效观察

目的：探讨点刺深透治疗漏肩风的疗效。方法：将126例患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,对照组33例,治疗组93例,点刺络穴、深透穴位配合TDP红外线治疗肩周炎,两个疗程后观察疗效。结果：治疗组有效率为100%,对照组有效率为90.91%。结论：点刺络穴、深透穴位对治疗肩周炎起到了标本兼治的功效。     

刺络放血加电针治疗中老年骨性关节炎60例报告

目的讨论刺络放血加电针治疗中老年骨性关节的疗效。方法治疗组和对照组患者均以穴位针刺加电针为基础治疗,治疗组加电针刺放血疗法。结果用刺络放血疗法治疗总有效率97．29％,对照组总有效率83．34％,治疗组优胜于对照组。结论刺络放血加电针治疗中老年骨性关节炎起到了标本兼治的功效。     

山西省襄垣县妇女人乳头状瘤病毒感染与宫颈癌关系的研究

目的 了解我国宫颈癌高发区妇女生殖道人乳头状瘤病毒（human papillomavirus,HPV）感染状况,研究高危型HPV感染与宫颈癌的关系。方法 应用第二代杂交捕获试验对山西省襄垣县1997名35-45岁巳婚妇女自己采集的阴道细胞和医生采集的宫颈细胞,检测13种高危型HPV脱氧核糖核酸（DNA）。采用多因素的非条件logistic回归模型分析HPV感染与宫颈癌及宫颈上皮内瘤变（CIN）的关系。用卡帕（kappa）系数衡量两种标本HPV检测的符合度。结果 该人群的高危型HPV DNA总检出率为20.8%。HPV DNA检出率随病变程度加重呈趋势性增高（X^2=444.04,P=0.000）。两年龄组（35-39岁和40-45岁）妇女的宫颈HPV DNA检出率几乎一样（20.9%：20.6%,X^2=0.03,P=0.86）。非条件logistic回归分析显示,HPV感染与宫颈上皮内高度病变及癌症（≥CINⅡ）和低度病变（CIN I）的发生高度相关（OR=254.2和OR=26.4）,归因危险非分比（ARP）分别为98.1和83.6%。自我取样HPV检测的灵敏度低于医生取样HPV检测（84%：98%,X^2=5.92,p=0.015）,特异度差异无显著性（86%：85%,X^2=0.00,P=0.997）,但两种标本HPV检测的符合度较好（kappa=0.74）。结论 女性生殖道高危型HPV感染是当地宫颈癌CIN流行的主要危险因素,提示宫颈癌的防治重点应放在防止HPV感染、对HPV感染的筛查和密切监测巳感染高危型HPV的对象。自我取样HPV检测是一种较实用的宫颈癌初筛手段。     

液基细胞学剩余标本筛查子宫颈病变中人乳头状瘤病毒DNA的应用

目的　评价人乳头状瘤病毒脱氧核糖核酸(HPVDNA)第二代杂交捕获法(HC -Ⅱ)检测液基细胞学剩余标本中高危型(CINⅡ以上)HPVDNA用于筛查宫颈病变的可行性。方法　用HC Ⅱ方法分别对山西襄垣县研究组人群972份液基细胞检查剩余样品和对照组人群5 797份HPV直接取样标本进行高危型HPVDNA检测,以病理学为标准评定2次筛查结果。结果　2次筛查人群中HPV感染率分别为17 .5%和20 .1%。研究组HPVDNA检测检出宫颈高度病变以上的灵敏度和特异度为97 .2%和85. 6%;对照组为96 .6%和83 .2%。2种方法的差异无统计学意义(P>0 .05 )。结论　用HC II检测液基细胞学检查剩余标本中的HPVDNA,可替代HPV直接取样法,该方法也是一种有较好的子宫颈癌筛查方法。     

宫颈癌多种筛查方案的研究

Objective To assess the feasibility and accuracy of different cervical cancer screening algorithms suitable for different regions, and promote the prevention and control of cervical cancer in China. Methods Using the data of a cross-sectional comparative trial of multiple techniques to detect cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in Xiangyuan County, Shanxi Province, conducted in 1999, to evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of different cervical cancer screening algorithms. All the women were screened by six screening tests, including liquid based cytology ( LBC) , fluorescence spectroscopy, visual inspection with 5% acetic acid staining (VIA) , colposcopy, self-sampled HPV DNA and clinician-sampled HPV DNA test, and each woman had histopathological diagnosis. Different screening algorithms were developed by combining the screening tests in parallel or in serial, and the performance indexes of the algorithms such as sensitivity, specificity, colposcopy referral rate and receiver operating characteristic ( ROC ) curve for detecting the high grade lesions ( ≥CIN 2) were compared. Results Among the algorithms combined by LBC and HPV DNA testing, for the combination in parallel (either cytology was greater than ASC-US or HPV positives) , its sensitivity was 100% , specificity was 68.6% , and colposcopy referral rate was 34.4% ; for the algorithm of LBC as primary screening test, with ASC-US women triage by HPV DNA testing, its sensitivity was 93.0% , specificity was 89.9% , and colposcopy referral rate was 13. 7% ;for the algorithm of HPV DNA testing as the primary screening test, with HPV positive women triage by LBC, its sensitivity was 91. 7% , specificity was 93. 0% , and colposcopy referral rate was 10. 6%. ROC analysis showed that LBC primary testing followed by HPV triage and HPV primary testing followed by LBC triage were much better than the combination in parallel (P =0.0003, P= 0.0002). Among the algorithms with LBC or HPV DNA testing solely as primary screening test, the sensitivity, specificity and colposcopy referral rate of LBC were 94.2% , 77.3% , 25. 7% and 87. 2% , 93. 5% , 10. 0% , respectively, for cutoff by ASC-US or by LSIL; the sensitivity, specificity and colposcopy referral rate of HPV DNA testing were 97.6% , 84. 8% , 18.8% and 83.5% , 85. 9% , 17. 1% , respectively, for clinician-sampled and self-sampled. Clinician-sampled HPV DNA testing was better than LBC cutoff by ASC-US or self-sampled HPV DNA testing ( P = 0. 005, P = 0.002). Among the algorithms combined by VIA and HPV DNA testing, the sensitivity, specificity and colposcopy referral rate were 70. 9% , 74. 3% and 27. 6% for VIA alone as primary screening test; the sensitivity, specificity and colposcopy referral rate were 65. 9% , 95. 2% and 7. 4% for HPV as primary screening test with HPV positive women triage by VIA. HPV primary testing followed by VIA triage was better than VIA alone (P =0. 004). Conclusion Considering the health-resource settings and women's preference, both HPV primary testing followed by LBC triage and LBC primary testing followed by HPV triage are suitable for developed regions, moderately developed regions may choose either LBC or HPV as the screening approach, VIA is a suitable primary screening test in less developed regions, and HPV primary testing followed by VIA triage will be more effective if low cost HPV test is available in the future.