睾丸内胚窦瘤1例报告并文献复习

目的:探讨睾丸内胚窦瘤的生物学行为、临床病理特点、诊断治疗方法及其预后。方法:报告1例睾丸内胚窦瘤的诊断治疗及随访情况，并结合国内外文献进行分析。结果:本例患者肿瘤分期为Ⅰ期，行患侧睾丸肿瘤根治性切除术，术后给予PVB方案化疗3个疗程，效果良好，随访24个月，直至最后一次复查，患者AFP、HCG处于正常水平，相关影像学检查未见复发及远处转移。结论:睾丸内胚窦瘤临床罕见，恶性程度高，总体预后差，其确诊依靠病理，外科手术为主要治疗手段，运用手术加放、化疗的综合治疗措施可显著延长生存期。     

奥丽汀健齿露对龋病活跃性的影响

目的 通过检测龋病活跃性的变化,了解奥丽汀健齿露(主要成分为鸡卵黄抗体-IgY)的被动免疫防龋效果。方法 将72名3-4岁健康幼儿随机分为2组:使用奥丽汀健齿露组和使用安慰剂组。健齿露组每日晚上睡前喷服,连服2个月为1疗程。安慰剂组同法进行。实验前、后各进行1次变形链球菌菌落的测定(Dentocult SM)、乳酸杆菌计数(Dentocult LB)和变形链球菌产酸能力的测定(Cariostat,CAT)3种龋病活跃性的检测,观察龋病活跃性的变化情况。结果 健齿露组自身实验前、后龋病活跃性的减弱差异有显著性(P<0.01);与安慰剂组比较,实验后龋病活跃性的差异有显著性(P<0.01)。结论奥丽汀健齿露能有效降低机体的龋病活跃性,在预防龋病的发生、发展中能起到一定的作用;对幼儿为一种操作简便、见效快捷的防龋新方法。     

VEGFA、VEGFC及其受体和angiopoietin-1/angiopoietin-2及其受体在人胚胎卵黄囊血岛、AGM区的表达

本研究观察VEGFA、VEGFC及其受体和angiopoietin-1、angiopoietin-2及其受体在发育第3-12周人胚胎卵黄囊血岛、主动脉-生殖腺-中肾(AGM)区的表达。在征得意外流产孕妇同意并签字后，收集其意外流产的受精龄第3-12周的人胚胎，用4％多聚甲醛固定，石蜡包埋切片，HE和免疫组织化学染色，光镜观察。结果表明：第21-25天人胚卵黄囊血岛血管内皮细胞和造血细胞强表达VEGFA及其受体flt1和flk-1，VEGFC及其受体fit4，anglopomtin-2及其受体Tie-2蛋白；弱表达angiopoietin-1蛋白。背主动脉和中肾于发育第4周开始表达上述各种因子及其受体，免疫阳性反应物集中在大而圆、有核的造血细胞。阳性细胞的数量到第7周到达高峰。8周以后，阳性细胞数量显著减少，到12周几乎所有的血细胞为免疫阴性反应。生殖腺主要在第6—8周表达VEGFA，flt1，flt4，angiopoietin-1，angiopoietin-2和Tie-2蛋白，但不表达VEGFC和flk-1。在AGM区的血管内皮细胞未检测到上述各因子的表达。结论：人胚胎卵黄囊血岛造血细胞和内皮细胞以及背主动脉和中肾共表达多种与血管发生和血液发生相关的因子。人胚内造血发生于第4周。     

小儿卵黄囊瘤的超声检查

小儿卵黄囊系胚源性恶性肿瘤,好发于生殖腺、骶尾部及体后壁中线附近。本院超声诊断卵黄囊瘤30例,超声图像显示了肿瘤的部位及大小,为选择手术方案及评估化疗效果提供了图像依据。     

Genetic targeting of microglia

Genetic targeting of microglia and other myeloid cells in the central nervous system (CNS) is highly desirable as they are critical effectors and regulators of changes in CNS homeostasis during development as well as in health and disease. Therefore, genetic reprogramming of microglia could constitute a central approach for potentially reducing disease burden. Previous attempts to target only microglia in vivo failed because of the similarities to their hematopoietic relatives in the circulation. However, this concept has been challenged by recent results of developmental and gene expression profiling studies which used novel molecular biological tools to unravel the origin of microglia and to define their role as specialized tissue macrophages clearly distinct from monocytes or monocyte‐derived macrophages. The aim of this review is to recapitulate the history of microglia targeting approaches and finally highlight recent achievements in the field. We will discuss the pros and cons of the newly available genetic tools, their potential for future microglia research and genetic strategies. GLIA 2015;63:1–22     

Absence of developmental toxicity in a canine model after infusion of a hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier: Implications for risk assessment

Bovine-derived hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) have been investigated for use in humans (HBOC-201) and approved for veterinary medicine (HBOC-301). We infused pregnant beagles with HBOC-201 to test whether HBOC-induced developmental toxicity previously observed in rats would occur in a species devoid of an inverted visceral yolk sac (invVYS). Phase 1 assessed developmental toxicity of 6 g/kg HBOC-201 on gestational day (GD) 21. Phase 2 investigated single infusions of 6 g/kg HBOC-201 on one of GDs 21, 25, 29 or 33. Phase 3 studied multiple sequential infusions on GDs 21, 23,25,27,29, 31, and 33 at 0.52 g/kg/day (3.6 g/kg total dose). Mild to moderate maternal toxicity occurred in all phases. There was an unequivocal absence of developmental toxicity in all phases. Overall, our hypothesis that HBOC, which interferes with the function of the invVYS, would not affect the offspring in dogs was supported. The implications relative to human risk are discussed.     

应用斑点ELISA快速研究鸡卵黄抗体IgY的理化性质

目的应用斑点ELISA研究卵黄抗体的理化性质,使多克隆抗体的性质得以确定,为今后更好地研究和利用该抗体奠定基础。方法将制备的卵黄抗体用不同的方法(加热、酸、碱、酶等)处理后,再用斑点ELISA检测卵黄抗体的剩余活性。结果IgY有很好的耐热性,巴氏消毒不会使IgY失活。卵黄抗体在pH>5和<9的环境下,37℃3h后仍保持部分活性。卵黄抗体在室温存放4个月后仍保持部分活性。在pH<5时,胃蛋白酶能发挥作用,使卵黄抗体失去活性。结论IgY的高度稳定性,使得这一多克隆抗体的保存和运输较方便,有利于IgY的推广和使用。     

抗变形链球菌卵黄抗体的初步研制

目的 通过用变形链球菌作为疫苗免疫蛋鸡，从鸡蛋中获得抗变形链球菌特异性抗体（抗S.mutans抗体）。方法 以变形链球菌Ingbritt珠（血清型c型）作为抗原免疫蛋鸡，取鸡蛋卵黄以水溶－硫酸铵沉淀－超滤提取纯化的卵黄抗体（IgY)，以直接凝集法测定鸡血清及蛋黄中的抗体。结果 血清中首先产生抗变形链球菌的抗体，在初免后2周逐步增高，在4－5周达到高峰，而后抗体转移到卵黄中，制备的卵黄抗体经电泳检测，相对分子质量约为210000，纯度达到75％以上，每只鸡蛋中能提取约150mg的IgY。结论 变形链球菌菌苗免疫蛋鸡可使鸡蛋产生高效价IgY。