内囊预警综合征的临床特征和预后

目的 分析内囊预警综合征（capsular warning syndrome，CWS）的临床特点、影像学特征及治疗预后，
以提高对此病的认识。
方法 回顾性分析战略支援部队特色医学中心神经内科2013年1月-2018年12月收住院治疗的CWS的
临床资料、影像学特征及治疗预后情况。
结果 共12例患者，男性8例（66.67%），中位年龄为60岁。高脂血症9例（75.0%），高血压8例
（66.67%），糖尿病4例（33.33%），肿瘤病史3例（25.0%）。纯运动性卒中4例（33.33%），运动伴有构
音障碍者4例（33.33%），运动及感觉性障碍3例（25.00%），纯感觉障碍1例（8.33%）。影像学示豆纹
动脉供血区新发脑梗死6例（50%）。所有患者给予口服双联抗血小板治疗，其中3例症状复发患者又
给予静脉溶栓和静脉抗血小板治疗。3个月随访，所有患者均未再出现症状发作，10例mRS评分为0
分，2例mRS评分分别为4分及3分。
结论 CWS主要表现为运动障碍，发作刻板，常见原因为动脉粥样硬化性。在本组病例中发现双重
抗血小板治疗有效，静脉溶栓效果不肯定。     

Development of an evidence-based ESCALATION system for recognition and response to paediatric clinical deterioration

AimThe aim of this study was to develop an evidence-based paediatric early warning system for infants and children that takes into consideration a variety of paediatric healthcare contexts and addresses barriers to escalation of care.MethodsA three-stage intervention development framework consisted of Stage 1: evidence review, benchmarking, stakeholder (health professionals, decision-makers, and health consumers) engagement, and consultation; Stage 2: planning and coproduction by the researchers and stakeholders using action research cycles; and Stage 3: prototyping and testing.ResultsA prototype evidence-based system incorporated human factor principles, used a structured approach to patient assessment, promoted situational awareness, and included family as well as clinician concern. Family involvement in detecting changes in their child's condition was supported by posters and flyers codesigned with health consumers. Five age-specific observation and response charts included 10 weighted variables and one unweighted variable (temperature) to convey a composite early warning score. The escalation pathway was supported by a targeted communication framework (iSoBAR NOW).ConclusionThe development process resulted in an agreed uniform ESCALATION system incorporating a whole-system approach to promote critical thinking, situational awareness for the early recognition of paediatric clinical deterioration as well as timely and effective escalation of care. Incorporating family involvement was a novel component of the system.     

四川省综合医院住院患者非计划拔管风险监控现状调查

目的了解四川省二级及以上综合医院住院患者非计划拔管风险监控管理现状,为建立和完善非计划拔管风险管理模式提供参考。方法采用自行设计的住院患者非计划拔管风险监控调查问卷,对四川省171所二级及以上综合医院进行调查。结果 161所(94.15%)医院开展非计划拔管风险监控,其中157所(97.52%)医院设置有监控机构,均有护理部参与;153所(89.47%)医院有对住院患者非计划拔管的风险评估,160所(93.57%)医院开展非计划拔管风险质量管理督查;10所(5.85%)医院未建立非计划拔管上报机制,36所(21.05%)医院发生非计划拔管后无预警机制,17所(9.94%)医院未开展非计划拔管事件追踪评价。结论四川省二级及以上综合医院开展住院患者非计划拔管风险监控管理相对较好,但在监控机构组成人员、管道监控范围、风险评估工具、风险督查、上报机制、预警机制、追踪评价机制等方面还需进一步完善,以保障非计划拔管管理质量,防范非计划拔管事件发生。     

参黄洗液辅助吻合器痔环切手术治疗混合痔效果及其预后不良早期预警

目的:对参黄洗液辅助吻合器痔环切手术(PPH手术)在混合痔治疗中的效果及其预后不良早期预警的价值进行研究,为临床治疗和不良反应的防治提供数据参考。方法:选取2018年5-12月我院手术治疗的混合痔患者120例为研究对象,采用随机数表法分为观察组和对照组,每组60例。观察组采用参黄洗液辅助PPH手术治疗,对照组PPH术后采用高锰酸钾溶液坐浴治疗。术后辅助治疗20d后就疗效、不良反应及随访3个月的远期疗效进行评价和组间比较,并对观察组预后不良病例的早期反应进行分析。结果:观察组总有效率为96.67%(58/60),高于对照组86.67%(52/60)的总有效率(P<0.05);观察组不良反应发生率为21.67%(13/60),低于对照组31.67%(19/60)的不良反应发生率(P<0.05);观察组病例不良预后发生率为25.00%(15/60),低于对照组33.33%(20/60)的不良预后发生率(P<0.05)。结论:参黄洗液辅助PPH手术在混合痔治疗中具有疗效显著、安全性高、预后良好等优势,临床具有推广价值。     

Skin temperature and vascular attributes as early warning signs of pressure injury

ObjectivesThis study aimed to validate the skin temperature on sacral region and vascular attributes as early warning signs of pressure injury.MethodsTotally 415 patients admitted to the adult intensive care unit from August 2018 to April 2019 were prospectively screened. Daily blood pressure and blood glucose affecting vascular attributes and the relative skin temperature of sacral region were measured for 10 consecutive days. Collect the changes of these indicators during the occurrence of pressure injury. The optimal cut-off values of indicators were determined by X-tile analysis. The risk ratios of indicators associated with pressure injury were compared using the Cox proportional hazards regression model.ResultsThere were no obvious interactions among blood pressure, blood glucose and relative skin temperature (P > 0.05). The optimal cutoff value for above indicators was 63.5 mmHg, 9.9 mmol/L and −0.1 °C, respectively. The incidence of pressure injury peaked on the 4th and 5th day after hospitalization when categorizing the patients into low- and high-risk groups according to the cutoff values (P < 0.05). Based on relative skin temperature, patients in the high-risk group were more likely to develop pressure injury (hazard ratio = 6.36, 95% confidence interval = 3.91, 10.36), when compared to the other two indicators of blood pressure and blood glucose.ConclusionStringent skin temperature and vascular attributes measurements were necessary for preventing pressure injury. Nursing measures should be taken according to warning sings to reduce the incidence of pressure injury.     

PTX-3对肾综合征出血热患者疾病严重程度及预后的预测价值研究

目的分析肾综合征出血热(hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, HFRS)患者血浆正五聚素-3(pentraxin-3,PTX-3)的水平变化,探讨其对HFRS病情严重程度及预后的预测价值。方法随机纳入105例2012年10月—2014年12月空军军医大学第二附属医院传染科收治的HFRS患者,依据HFRS临床分型标准,将纳入患者分为轻型、中型、重型和危重型4组。采集患者急性期静脉血标本96份,恢复期65份,同时采集27名健康志愿者静脉血标本作为对照,分离血浆,应用ELISA法检测PTX-3水平。分析PTX-3水平在不同分型患者急性期及恢复期的表达变化,以及与对照组的差异,评估其在重症HFRS早期预警中的价值;分析急性期PTX-3与常规实验室指标及预后的相关性,采用ROC曲线评估急性期PTX-3水平对HFRS患者预后(死亡)的预测价值。结果 105例患者中,轻型17例、中型27例、重型26例、危重型35例。各型患者及对照组之间性别、年龄比较,差异均无统计学意义(P均 0.05)。各型患者急性期血浆PTX-3水平均显著高于同型恢复期和对照组(P均0.05),危重型患者急性期PTX-3水平显著高于其他分型(P均0.05)。患者急性期PTX-3水平与WBC、AST、APTT呈正相关,与PLT、ALB、血浆纤维蛋白原水平呈负相关(|r_s| 0.500,P 0.05)。ROC曲线分析急性期PTX-3水平对HFRS患者预后(死亡)的预测价值,AUC为0.753(95%CI:0.593～0.914,P=0.003)。结论 PTX-3可作为重症HFRS的早期预警指标,其有助于评估HFRS疾病严重程度及预测患者预后。